Java Collection Framework 實作的 Big-O 複雜度如何影響效能？

Java 集合框架：Big-O 實作綜合指南

在Java 集合框架中，每個集合都有其獨特的效能特徵透過其底層資料結構。了解這些操作的 Big-O 複雜度可以指導資料結構的有效選擇和最佳化。

列表實作

Operation	ArrayList	LinkedList	CopyOnWrite-ArrayList
get	O(1)	O(n)	O(1)
add	O(1)	O(1)	O(n)
contains	O(n)	O(n)	O(n)
next	O(1)	O(1)	O(1)
remove(0)	O(n)	O(1)	O(n)
iterator.remove	O(n)	O(1)	O(n)

清單實作

Operation	HashSet	LinkedHashSet	CopyOnWriteArraySet	EnumSet	TreeSet	ConcurrentSkipListSet
add	O(1)	O(1)	O(n)	O(1)	O(log n)	O(log n)
contains	O(1)	O(1)	O(n)	O(1)	O(log n)	O(log n)
next	O(h/n)	O(1)	O(1)	O(1)	O(log n)	O(1)

地圖實作

Operation	HashMap	LinkedHashMap	IdentityHashMap	EnumMap	TreeMap	ConcurrentHashMap	ConcurrentSkipListMap
get	O(1)	O(1)	O(1)	O(1)	O(log n)	O(1)	O(log n)
containsKey	O(1)	O(1)	O(1)	O(1)	O(log n)	O(1)	O(log n)
next	O(h/n)	O(1)	O(h/n)	O(1)	O(log n)	O(h/n)	O(1)

隊列實作

Operation	PriorityQueue	ConcurrentLinkedQueue	ArrayBlockingQueue	LinkedBlockingQueue	PriorityBlockingQueue	DelayQueue	LinkedList	ArrayDeque	LinkedBlockingDeque
offer	O(log n)	O(1)	O(1)	O(1)	O(log n)	O(log n)	O(1)	O(1)	O(1)
peek	O(1)	O(1)	O(1)	O(1)	O(1)	O(1)	O(1)	O(1)	O(1)
poll	O(log n)	O(1)	O(1)	O(1)	O(log n)	O(log n)	O(1)	O(1)	O(1)
size	O(1)	O(n)	O(1)	O(1)	O(1)	O(1)	O(1)	O(1)	O(1)

其他資源

• [Java 泛型與集合](https://www . apress.com/gp/book/9781430214919)
• [集合概述](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/package-summary.html)
• [附註解的大綱](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/package-tree.html)

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