如何使用 std::remove() 從 C 字串中刪除特定字元？

Removing Specific Characters from Strings in C++

When dealing with user input, it's common to encounter unwanted characters that need to be removed. For instance, a phone number may contain parentheses, dashes, or spaces that need to be removed for further processing.

In C++, there are several string manipulation functions that can be used to achieve this goal. The std::remove() function, in particular, provides a powerful way to remove specific characters from a string.

To use std::remove(), you simply need to pass the string and the character to be removed as arguments. The function returns an iterator pointing to the end of the modified string, ensuring that all instances of the specified character have been removed.

Here's an example that demonstrates how to remove parentheses, dashes, and spaces from a phone number string:

#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>

int main() {
  // Get user input for phone number
  std::string phone;
  std::cout << "Enter phone number: ";
  std::cin >> phone;

  // Characters to remove
  char chars[] = "()- ";

  // Remove the specified characters using std::remove()
  for (unsigned int i = 0; i < strlen(chars); ++i) {
    phone.erase(std::remove(phone.begin(), phone.end(), chars[i]), phone.end());
  }

  // Output the modified phone number
  std::cout << "Cleaned phone number: " << phone << std::endl;

  return 0;
}

In this example, the std::remove() function is used within a loop to remove each specified character one at a time. The resulting string is stored in the phone variable and printed to the console.

You can also encapsulate the removal logic into a function for reusability:

void removeCharsFromString(std::string &str, char *charsToRemove) {
  for (unsigned int i = 0; i < strlen(charsToRemove); ++i) {
    str.erase(std::remove(str.begin(), str.end(), charsToRemove[i]), str.end());
  }
}

int main() {
  std::string phone;
  std::cout << "Enter phone number: ";
  std::cin >> phone;

  char chars[] = "()- ";

  removeCharsFromString(phone, chars);

  std::cout << "Cleaned phone number: " << phone << std::endl;

  return 0;
}

This function takes a string reference and a character array as input and removes all occurrences of the specified characters. It can be easily used to clean up any type of string input.

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