在Python 中以相反順序讀取檔案
如果您正在處理一個大檔案並且需要從最後一個讀取其內容首先,Python 的內建函數可能不適合。這是解決此任務的有效解決方案:
反向行讀取器產生器
以下程式碼定義了一個產生器函數,reverse_readline,它反向生成文件的行命令。它使用基於緩衝區的方法來優化效能並有效處理大型檔案:
import os def reverse_readline(filename, buf_size=8192): """A generator that returns the lines of a file in reverse order""" with open(filename, 'rb') as fh: segment = None offset = 0 fh.seek(0, os.SEEK_END) file_size = remaining_size = fh.tell() while remaining_size > 0: offset = min(file_size, offset + buf_size) fh.seek(file_size - offset) buffer = fh.read(min(remaining_size, buf_size)) # remove file's last "\n" if it exists, only for the first buffer if remaining_size == file_size and buffer[-1] == ord('\n'): buffer = buffer[:-1] remaining_size -= buf_size lines = buffer.split('\n'.encode()) # append last chunk's segment to this chunk's last line if segment is not None: lines[-1] += segment segment = lines[0] lines = lines[1:] # yield lines in this chunk except the segment for line in reversed(lines): # only decode on a parsed line, to avoid utf-8 decode error yield line.decode() # Don't yield None if the file was empty if segment is not None: yield segment.decode()
用法:
要使用此產生器,您只需迭代它即可在for 循環中:
for line in reverse_readline('myfile.txt'): print(line)
這將以相反的順序列印檔案的行。
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