描述:
JavaScript 是一種功能強大、用途廣泛且使用廣泛的程式語言,對於前端和後端開發都至關重要。本指南面向所有經驗程度的開發人員,從初學者到專家。它涵蓋了您需要了解的所有內容,從基本概念到高級功能(例如閉包、Promise 和事件循環)。在此過程中,您將透過範例獲得實用的實務經驗,並學習編寫高效、可維護程式碼的最佳實務。掌握 JavaScript 不僅可以提升您的程式設計技能,還可以幫助您建立動態的互動式 Web 應用程式。
涵蓋的主要主題:
1。 JavaScript 基礎
範例:變數和資料類型
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let name = "John Doe"; // String let age = 30; // Number let isDeveloper = true; // Boolean let skills = ["JavaScript", "React", "Node.js"]; // Array console.log(name); // Output: John Doe console.log(age); // Output: 30 console.log(isDeveloper); // Output: true console.log(skills); // Output: ["JavaScript", "React", "Node.js"]
2。功能與範圍
範例:功能和範圍
function greet(name) { let greeting = "Hello"; // Local variable console.log(greeting + ", " + name); } greet("Alice"); // Output: Hello, Alice // The following will throw an error because 'greeting' is defined inside the function's scope // console.log(greeting); // Error: greeting is not defined
3。物件和陣列
範例:物件和陣列操作
const person = { name: "John", age: 30, greet() { console.log("Hello, " + this.name); } }; person.greet(); // Output: Hello, John // Array manipulation let numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]; numbers.push(50); // Adds 50 to the end of the array console.log(numbers); // Output: [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
4。 DOM 操作
範例:與 DOM 互動
// Assuming there's an element with id "myButton" in the HTML const button = document.getElementById("myButton"); button.addEventListener("click", function() { alert("Button clicked!"); });
5。非同步 JavaScript
範例:使用 Promise 和 Async/Await
// Using a Promise function fetchData() { return new Promise((resolve, reject) => { setTimeout(() => { resolve("Data fetched!"); }, 2000); }); } fetchData().then(data => { console.log(data); // Output: Data fetched! }); // Using Async/Await async function fetchDataAsync() { let data = await fetchData(); console.log(data); // Output: Data fetched! } fetchDataAsync();
6。 ES6 特性
例:箭頭函數和解構
// Arrow function const add = (a, b) => a + b; console.log(add(2, 3)); // Output: 5 // Destructuring assignment const person = { name: "Alice", age: 25 }; const { name, age } = person; console.log(name); // Output: Alice console.log(age); // Output: 25
7。錯誤處理與調試
範例:用於錯誤處理的 Try-Catch
try { let result = riskyFunction(); } catch (error) { console.log("An error occurred: " + error.message); // Output: An error occurred: riskyFunction is not defined }
8。最佳實務
範例:編寫乾淨的程式碼
// Bad practice: Hardcoding values and non-descriptive variable names function calc(a, b) { return a * b; } console.log(calc(2, 5)); // Output: 10 // Good practice: Descriptive names and constants const TAX_RATE = 0.15; function calculateTotal(price, quantity) { return price * quantity * (1 + TAX_RATE); } console.log(calculateTotal(100, 2)); // Output: 230
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