如何在 Tkinter GUI 應用程式中有效地在幀之間轉換？

Tkinter 中幀之間的轉換

問題陳述

在GUI 開發的初始階段，常見的任務是在Tkinter 中的不同邏輯部分之間切換一個程式。通常，「開始功能表」用作初始登陸頁面，使用者在做出選擇後導航到程式的各個部分。問題出現了：我們如何優雅地處理幀之間的這種轉換？是否可以銷毀當前幀並創建一個新幀，並在按下後退按鈕時恢復此過程？

解決方案：動態過渡的圖層框架

一種建議的方法是堆疊框架一個一個地疊在一起。該技術允許透過在堆疊順序內升高或降低幀來實現幀之間的無縫過渡。位於頂部的框架成為可見框架。

要實現此方法，請確保所有小部件屬於根框架（自身）或後代。以下是示範此概念的範例：

import tkinter as tk
import tkFont as tkfont

class SampleApp(tk.Tk):

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        # Initialize the Tkinter object
        tk.Tk.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)

        # Create a title font
        self.title_font = tkfont.Font(family='Helvetica', size=18, weight="bold", slant="italic")

        # Create a container to hold the frames
        container = tk.Frame(self)
        container.pack(side="top", fill="both", expand=True)
        container.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
        container.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)

        # Initialize a dictionary to store the frames
        self.frames = {}
        for F in (StartPage, PageOne, PageTwo):
            page_name = F.__name__
            frame = F(parent=container, controller=self)
            self.frames[page_name] = frame

            # Add each frame to the container
            frame.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky="nsew")

        # Display the start page initially
        self.show_frame("StartPage")

    def show_frame(self, page_name):
        # Bring the specified frame to the top of the stacking order
        frame = self.frames[page_name]
        frame.tkraise()

class StartPage(tk.Frame):

    def __init__(self, parent, controller):
        # Initialize the Frame
        tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
        self.controller = controller

        # Create a label
        label = tk.Label(self, text="This is the start page", font=controller.title_font)
        label.pack(side="top", fill="x", pady=10)

        # Create buttons to navigate to other pages
        button1 = tk.Button(self, text="Go to Page One",
                            command=lambda: controller.show_frame("PageOne"))
        button2 = tk.Button(self, text="Go to Page Two",
                            command=lambda: controller.show_frame("PageTwo"))
        button1.pack()
        button2.pack()

class PageOne(tk.Frame):

    def __init__(self, parent, controller):
        # Initialize the Frame
        tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
        self.controller = controller

        # Create a label
        label = tk.Label(self, text="This is page 1", font=controller.title_font)
        label.pack(side="top", fill="x", pady=10)

        # Create a button to navigate to another page
        button = tk.Button(self, text="Go to the start page",
                           command=lambda: controller.show_frame("StartPage"))
        button.pack()

class PageTwo(tk.Frame):

    def __init__(self, parent, controller):
        # Initialize the Frame
        tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
        self.controller = controller

        # Create a label
        label = tk.Label(self, text="This is page 2", font=controller.title_font)
        label.pack(side="top", fill="x", pady=10)

        # Create a button to navigate to another page
        button = tk.Button(self, text="Go to the start page",
                           command=lambda: controller.show_frame("StartPage"))
        button.pack()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    # Create the application instance
    app = SampleApp()
    app.mainloop()

總之，分層技術允許在幀之間進行高效切換，從而無需銷毀和重新建立幀。這種方法可確保無縫且使用者友好的導航體驗。

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