建立裝飾器
寫一個裝飾器函數,它接受另一個函數,稱為「包裝」函數,作為參數:
def my_decorator(func): # Code to execute before calling the wrapped function print("Before the function runs") # Call the wrapped function and store its return value result = func() # Code to execute after calling the wrapped function print("After the function runs") # Return the result of the wrapped function return result # Example of a decorator in action @my_decorator def say_hello(): print("Hello, world!")
連結裝飾器
使用 @運算子將多個裝飾器應用到同一個函數:
@my_decorator @another_decorator def chained_function(): print("This function is doubly decorated")
帶參數的裝飾器
允許裝飾器接受參數:
def decorator_with_arg(arg1, arg2): def decorator(func): # Use the decorator arguments to modify the wrapped function's behavior func.arg1 = arg1 func.arg2 = arg2 return func # Example of a decorator with arguments @decorator_with_arg("foo", "bar") def my_function(): print("Args:", my_function.arg1, my_function.arg2)
類別方法的裝飾器
為類別中的方法使用裝飾器:
class MyClass: @classmethod def my_class_method(cls): print("This is a class method")
練習:裝飾裝飾器
建立一個裝飾器,使任何其他裝飾器接受參數:
def decorator_with_args(decorator_to_enhance): def decorator_maker(*args, **kwargs): def decorator_wrapper(func): # Wrap the original decorator and pass the arguments return decorator_to_enhance(func, *args, **kwargs) return decorator_wrapper # Example of a decorated decorator @decorator_with_args def decorated_decorator(func, *args, **kwargs): print("Args:", args, kwargs) return func @decorated_decorator(10, 20, name="John") def my_function(): print("Decorated function")
最佳實務
範例使用
使用以下任務的裝飾器:
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