React 自動最佳化：再見 memo、useMemo 和 useCallback？-js教程-PHP中文網

React Automatic Optimization: Goodbye memo, useMemo, and useCallback?

React 19 為效能最佳化帶來了顯著改進，特別是在處理記憶化方面。讓我們探討一下 memo、useMemo 和 useCallback 是如何演變的以及它們現在預設情況下是如何優化的。

React 中記憶化的演變

之前在 React 18 中，開發人員必須仔細考慮何時使用記憶技術來防止不必要的重新渲染並優化效能。 React 19 透過引入自動最佳化來改變這種範式，使這些工具更加高效，並且在許多情況下是不必要的。

React 19 中的備忘錄：更聰明的組件記憶

React 19 的備忘錄現在對於何時重新渲染元件變得更加聰明。框架自動追蹤 prop 變更及其對元件輸出的影響。

範例1：基本道具比較

// React 18
const UserCard = memo(({ user, onUpdate }) => {
  return (
    <div>
      <h2>{user.name}</h2>
      <button onClick={onUpdate}>Update</button>
    </div>
  );
});

// React 19
// memo is now automatically optimized
const UserCard = ({ user, onUpdate }) => {
  return (
    <div>
      <h2>{user.name}</h2>
      <button onClick={onUpdate}>Update</button>
    </div>
  );
});

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範例 2：巢狀組件

// React 18
const CommentThread = memo(({ comments, onReply }) => {
  return (
    <div>
      {comments.map(comment => (
        <Comment 
          key={comment.id}
          {...comment}
          onReply={onReply}
        />
      ))}
    </div>
  );
});

// React 19
const CommentThread = ({ comments, onReply }) => {
  return (
    <div>
      {comments.map(comment => (
        <Comment 
          key={comment.id}
          {...comment}
          onReply={onReply}
        />
      ))}
    </div>
  );
});

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useMemo：自動值記憶

React 19 的 useMemo 現已最佳化，可自動偵測記憶化何時有益，從而減少手動最佳化的需要。

範例 1：昂貴的計算

// React 18
const ExpensiveChart = ({ data }) => {
  const processedData = useMemo(() => {
    return data.map(item => ({
      ...item,
      value: complexCalculation(item.value)
    }));
  }, [data]);

  return <ChartComponent data={processedData} />;
};

// React 19
const ExpensiveChart = ({ data }) => {
  // React 19 automatically detects expensive operations
  const processedData = data.map(item => ({
    ...item,
    value: complexCalculation(item.value)
  }));

  return <ChartComponent data={processedData} />;
};

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範例 2：物件引用

// React 18
const UserProfile = ({ user }) => {
  const userStyles = useMemo(() => ({
    background: user.premium ? 'gold' : 'silver',
    border: `2px solid ${user.active ? 'green' : 'gray'}`
  }), [user.premium, user.active]);

  return <div>



<h3>
  
  
  Example 3: Derived State
</h3>



<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">// React 18
const FilteredList = ({ items, filter }) => {
  const filteredItems = useMemo(() => 
    items.filter(item => item.category === filter),
    [items, filter]
  );

  return <List items={filteredItems} />;
};

// React 19
const FilteredList = ({ items, filter }) => {
  // React 19 automatically optimizes derived state
  const filteredItems = items.filter(item => item.category === filter);
  return <List items={filteredItems} />;
};

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useCallback：更聰明的函數記憶

React 19 的 useCallback 現在在函數穩定性和引用相等性方面更加聰明。

範例 1：事件處理程序

// React 18
const TodoList = ({ todos, onToggle }) => {
  const handleToggle = useCallback((id) => {
    onToggle(id);
  }, [onToggle]);

  return todos.map(todo => (
    <TodoItem 
      key={todo.id}
      {...todo}
      onToggle={handleToggle}
    />
  ));
};

// React 19
const TodoList = ({ todos, onToggle }) => {
  // React 19 automatically maintains function stability
  const handleToggle = (id) => {
    onToggle(id);
  };

  return todos.map(todo => (
    <TodoItem 
      key={todo.id}
      {...todo}
      onToggle={handleToggle}
    />
  ));
};

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範例 2：具有依賴關係的回調

// React 18
const SearchComponent = ({ onSearch, searchParams }) => {
  const debouncedSearch = useCallback(
    debounce((term) => {
      onSearch({ ...searchParams, term });
    }, 300),
    [searchParams, onSearch]
  );

  return <input onChange={e => debouncedSearch(e.target.value)} />;
};

// React 19
const SearchComponent = ({ onSearch, searchParams }) => {
  // React 19 handles function stability automatically
  const debouncedSearch = debounce((term) => {
    onSearch({ ...searchParams, term });
  }, 300);

  return <input onChange={e => debouncedSearch(e.target.value)} />;
};

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範例 3：複雜事件處理

// React 18
const DataGrid = ({ data, onSort, onFilter }) => {
  const handleHeaderClick = useCallback((column) => {
    onSort(column);
    onFilter(column);
  }, [onSort, onFilter]);

  return (
    <table>
      <thead>
        {columns.map(column => (
          <th key={column} onClick={() => handleHeaderClick(column)}>
            {column}
          </th>
        ))}
      </thead>
      {/* ... */}
    </table>
  );
};

// React 19
const DataGrid = ({ data, onSort, onFilter }) => {
  // React 19 optimizes function creation and stability
  const handleHeaderClick = (column) => {
    onSort(column);
    onFilter(column);
  };

  return (
    <table>
      <thead>
        {columns.map(column => (
          <th key={column} onClick={() => handleHeaderClick(column)}>
            {column}
          </th>
        ))}
      </thead>
      {/* ... */}
    </table>
  );
};

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