1.异常：程序运行与预期不太一致，与错误是两个不同的概念！
2.抛出和捕获异常
3.多个catch块的时候基类要往后放，否则基类捕获异常后就不会往下继续捕获了！
3.先出现错误，在出现异常，所以写api的时候一定要把display_errors关掉
4.php的内置异常
error_reporting(-1);ini_set('display_errors','off');//pdo内置异常类try { $pdo = new PDO('mysql:host=localhost;dbname=mysql', 'brave', '123456'); var_dump($pdo); echo '<hr/>'; echo 'continue.......';} catch (Exception $e) { echo $e->getMessage();}echo 'this is a test.......';echo '<hr/>';//spl文件读写内置异常类try { $splObj = new SplFileObject('test.txt', 'r'); echo 'read file';} catch (RuntimeException $e) { echo $e->getMessage();}echo 'continue.......';echo '<hr/>'; try { //需要进行异常处理的代码 throw语句抛出 } catch (PdoException $e) { try { throw语句抛出 } catch (Exception $e) { } } catch (FileException $e) { } catch (CustomException $e) { } //other codeerror_reporting(-1);ini_set('display_errors','off');class MyException extends Exception{ function __construct($message, $code=0) { parent::__construct($message, $code); } public function __toString(){ $message = "<h2>出现异常了，信息如下</h2>"; $message .="<p>".__CLASS__." [{$this->code}]:{$this->message}</p>"; return $message; } public function test(){ echo 'this is a test'; } public function stop(){ exit('script end..............<hr/>'); } //自定义其他方法}try { echo '出现异常了！'; throw new MyException("测试自定义异常！", 11);} catch (MyException $e) { echo $e->getMessage(); echo '<hr/>'; echo $e; echo '<hr/>'; $e->stop(); $e->test();}error_reporting(-1);ini_set('display_errors','off');class FileException extends Exception { public function getDetails() { switch ($this->code) { case 0: return '没有提供文件！'; break; case 1: return '文件不存在！'." trace".$this->getTraceAsString().$this->getLine(); break; case 2: return '不是一个文件！'." trace".$this->getTraceAsString().$this->getLine(); break; case 3: return '文件不可写！'; break; case 4: return '非法文件的操作模式！'; break; case 5: return '数据写入失败！'; break; case 6: return '文件不能被关闭！'; break; default: return '非法！'; break; } }}class WriteData{ private $_message=''; private $_fp=null; public function __construct($filename=null, $mode='w'){ $this->_message="文件：{$filename} 模式：{$mode}"; if (empty($filename)) { throw new FileException($this->_message, 0); } if (!file_exists($filename)) { throw new FileException($this->_message, 1); } if (!is_file($filename)) { throw new FileException($this->_message, 2); } if (!is_writable($filename)) { throw new FileException($this->_message, 3); } if (!in_array($mode, array('w', 'w+', 'a', 'a+'))) { throw new FileException($this->_message, 4); } $this->_fp=fopen($filename, $mode); } /** * [write 写数据] * @param [type] $data [description] * @return [type] [description] */ public function write($data){ if (@!fwrite($this->_fp, $data.PHP_EOL)) { throw new FileException($this->_message, 5); } } /** * [close 关闭文件句柄] * @return [type] [description] */ public function close(){ if ($this->_fp) { if (@!fclose($this->_fp)) { throw new FileException($this->_message, 6); $this->_fp=null; } } } public function __destruct(){ $this->close(); }}try { $fp = new WriteData('test.txt', 'w'); $fp->write('this is a test'); $fp->close(); echo '数据写入成功！';} catch (FileException $e) { echo '出问题了：'.$e->getMessage().' 详细信息如下：'.$e->getDetails();} /** * 观察(异常)的类, 可以在代码中动态的添加观察者 */ class Observable_Exception extends Exception { public static $_observers=array(); public static function attach(Exception_Observer $observer){ self::$_observers[]=$observer; } public function __construct($message=null, $code=0){ parent::__construct($message, $code); $this->notify(); } public function notify(){ foreach (self::$_observers as $observer) { $observer->update($this); } } }2.定义异常观察者基类，用于规范每一个观察者
/** * 观察者基类，用于规范每一个观察者 */ interface Exception_Observer{ //强制指定必须是我们规定的观察类 public function update(Observable_Exception $e); }3.定义日志观察者
/** * 定义日志观察者 */ class Logging_Exception_Observer implements Exception_Observer{ public $_filename='./log_exception.log'; public function __construct($filename=null){ if ($filename!==null && is_string($filename)) { $this->_filename=$filename; } } public function update(Observable_Exception $e){ $message="时间：".date('Y-m-d H:i:s').PHP_EOL; $message.="信息：".$e->getMessage().PHP_EOL; $message.="追踪信息：".$e->getTraceAsString().PHP_EOL; $message.="文件：".$e->getFile().PHP_EOL; $message.='行号：'.$e->getLine().PHP_EOL; error_log($message, 3, $this->_filename); } }4.定义邮件观察者
/** * 定义邮件观察者 */ class Email_Exception_Observer implements Exception_Observer{ public $_email='732578448@qq.com'; public function __construct($email=null){ if ($email!==null && filter_var($email, FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL)) { $this->_email=$email; } } public function update(Observable_Exception $e){ $message="时间：".date('Y-m-d H:i:s').PHP_EOL; $message.="信息：".$e->getMessage().PHP_EOL; $message.="追踪信息：".$e->getTraceAsString().PHP_EOL; $message.="文件：".$e->getFile().PHP_EOL; $message.='行号：'.$e->getLine().PHP_EOL; error_log($message, 1, $this->_email); } }5.执行测试
error_reporting(-1);ini_set('display_errors','off');//引入观察异常的类require 'Observable_Exception.php';//引入观察者基类require 'Exception_Observer.php';//引入日志观察者require 'Logging_Exception_Observer.php';//引入邮件观察者require 'Email_Exception_Observer.php';Observable_Exception::attach(new Logging_Exception_Observer());//自定义地址记录错误异常Observable_Exception::attach(new Logging_Exception_Observer('/tmp/test11.log'));Observable_Exception::attach(new Email_Exception_Observer());//自定义邮件接收人记录错误异常Observable_Exception::attach(new Email_Exception_Observer('123456@qq.com'));class MyException extends Observable_Exception{ public function test(){ echo 'this is a test!'; } public function test1(){ echo '我是 自定义的方法处理这个异常！'; }}try { throw new MyException("出现异常了，记录一下下！");} catch (MyException $e) { echo $e->getMessage(); echo '<hr/>'; $e->test(); echo '<hr/>'; $e->test1();}1.目的1处理所有未捕获的异常
2.目的2处理所有我们为放到try catch中的异常
ini_set('display_errors','off');function exceptionHandler_1($e){ echo '自定义异常处理器1'.__FUNCTION__; echo '异常信息：'.$e->getMessage();}function exceptionHandler_2($e){ echo '自定义异常处理器2'.__FUNCTION__; echo '异常信息：'.$e->getMessage();}set_exception_handler('exceptionHandler_1');set_exception_handler('exceptionHandler_2');//恢复到上一次定义过的异常处理函数restore_exception_handler();throw new Exception('测试');echo 'continue........';echo '<hr/>';/** * 自定义错误异常类 */class ExceptionHandler{ protected $_exception; protected $_logFile='./testExceptionHandler.log'; function __construct(Exception $e){ //保存异常对象 $this->_exception = $e; } public static function handle(Exception $e){ $self = new self($e); $self->log(); echo $self; } public function log(){ $msg=<<<EOF 出现了通知错误，如下 产生通知的文件：{$this->_exception->getFile()}<br> 产生通知的信息：{$this->_exception->getTraceAsString()} 产生通知的行号：{$this->_exception->getLine()} 产生通知的错误号：{$this->_exception->getCode()} 产生通知的时间：{$datetime} \n EOF; echo $msg; error_log($msg, 3, $this->_logFile); } public function __toString(){ $message = <<<EOF <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title></title> </head> <body> <h1>出现异常了。。。。。</h1> <p>刷新下试试</p> </body> </html> EOF; return $message; }}ini_set('display_errors','off');set_exception_handler(array('ExceptionHandler', 'handle'));//放在try catch中的throwtry { throw new Exception("this is a test!",20010);} catch (Exception $e) { echo $e->getMessage();}//没放在try catch中的throwthrow new Exception("测试未捕获的自定义的异常处理器hello world!",2008);1.通过ErrorException
function exception_error_handler($errno, $errstr, $errfile, $errline){ throw new ErrorException($errstr, 0, $errno, $errfile, $errline);}set_error_handler('exception_error_handler');try { echo gettype();} catch (Exception $e) { echo $e->getMessage();}2.自定义异常类
class ErrorToException extends Exception{ public static function handle($errno, $errstr) { throw new self($errstr, $errno); }}ini_set('display_errors', 'off');set_error_handler(array('ErrorToException', 'handle'));set_error_handler(array('ErrorToException', 'handle'),E_USER_WARNING|E_WARNING);try { echo $test; gettype(); trigger_error('test',E_USER_WARNING);} catch (Exception $e) { echo $e->getMessage();}class ExceptionRedirectHandler{ protected $_exception; protected $_logFile='./redirectLog.log'; protected $_redirect='404.html'; public function __construct(Exception $e){ $this->_exception=$e; } public static function handle(Exception $e){ $self = new self($e); $self->log(); while (@ob_end_clean()); header('HTTP/1.1 307 Temporary Redirect'); header('Cache-Control:no-cache,must-revalidate'); header('Expires: Wed, 01 Jul 2015 07:40:45 GMT'); header('Location:'.$self->_redirect); exit(1); } public function log($value=''){ error_log($this->_exception->getMessage().PHP_EOL, 3, $this->_logFile); }}ini_set('display_errors','off');set_exception_handler(array('ExceptionRedirectHandler', 'handle'));$link = mysql_connect('localhost', 'brave', '123456123');if (!$link) { throw new Exception("数据库受到攻击了，赶快去看看吧！");}异常传递：$msg, $code
错误传递：$errno, $errmsg, $errfile, $errline 可看MyErrorHandler.php
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