深入淺析AngularJS和DataModel_AngularJS-js教程-PHP中文網

AngularJS 簡介

AngularJS 是 JavaScript 框架。它可透過 <script> 標籤新增至 HTML 頁面。 <br /> </script>

AngularJS 透過指令擴充了 HTML，且透過表達式綁定資料到 HTML。

什麼是 AngularJS？

AngularJS 讓開發現代的單一頁面應用程式（SPAs：Single Page Applications）變得更加容易。

AngularJS 把應用程式資料綁定到 HTML 元素。

AngularJS 可以複製和重複 HTML 元素。

AngularJS 可以隱藏並顯示 HTML 元素。

AngularJS 可以在 HTML 元素"背後"加入程式碼。

AngularJS 支援輸入驗證。

通常，在AngularJS中使用JSON作為儲存資料的模型。我們可能這樣在controller中寫model：

app.controller('BookController',['$scope',function($scope){
$scope.book = {
id:1,
name:'',
author:'',
stores:[
{id:1, name:'', quantity:2},
{id:2, name:'', quantity:2},
...
]
};
}])

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在視圖中也許這樣用到這個model:

<div ng-controller="BookController">
<span ng-bind="book.id"></span>
<input type="text" ng-model="book.name"/>
<input type="text" ng-model="book.author"/>
</div>

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當我們需要從服務端取得資料的時候，可能會這樣寫：

app.controller('BookController',['$scope', '$http', function($scope, $http){
var bookId = 1;
$http.get('api/books'+bookId).success(function(bookData){
$scope.book = bookData;
})
$scope.deleteBook = function(){
$http.delete('api/books/' + bookId);
}
$scope.updateBook = function(){
$http.put('api/books/'+bookId, $scope.book);
}
$scope.getBookImageUrl = function(width, height){
return 'our/iamge/service' +bookId + '/width/height';
}
$scope.isAvailable = function(){
if(!$scope.book.stores || $scope.book.stores.length === 0){
return false;
}
reutrn $scope.book.stores.some(function(store){
return store.quantity > 0;
})
}
}])

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在視圖中可能這樣使用：

<div ng-controller="BookController">
<div ng-style="{backgroundImage: 'url('+getBookImageUrl(100,100)+')'}"></div>
<span ng-bind="book.id"></span&#63;
<input type="text" ng-model="book.name"/>
<input type="text" ng-model="book.author"/>
is available: <span ng-bind="isAvailable() &#63; 'Yes' : 'No'"></span>
<button ng-click="deleteBook()">Delete</button>
<button ng-click="updateBook">Update</button>
</div>

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以上，JSON格式的model只能在BookController中使用，如何在其他controller中也可以使用呢？
--透過factory方式

app.factory('Book', ['$http', function($http){
function Book(bookData){
if(bookData){
this.setData(bookData);
}
}
Book.prototype = {
setData: function(bookData){
angular.extend(this, bookData);
},
load: function(id){
var scope = this;
$http.get('api/books/' + bookId).success(function(bookData){
scope.setData(bookData);
})
},
delete: function(bookId){
$http.delete('api/books/' + bookId);
},
update: function(bookId){
$http.put('api/books/' + bookId, this);
},
getImageUrl: function(width, height){
return 'our/image/service/' + this.book.id + '/' + width + '/' + height;
},
isAvailable: funciton(){
if(!this.book.stores || this.book.stores.length === 0) {
return false;
} 
return this.book.stores.some(function(store){
return store.quantity > 0;
})
}
}
return Book;
}])

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以上，透過factory的方式創建了類似Book的一個Data Model，現在可以注入到controller中去了。

app.controller('BookController', ['$scope', 'Book', function($scope, Book){
$scope.book = new Book();
$scope.book.load(1);
}])

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在視圖中也會有對應的變化。

<div ng-controller="BookController">
<div ng-style="{backgroundImage: 'url(' + book.getImageUrl(100, 100) + ')'}"></div>
<span ng-bind="book.id"></span>
<input type="text" ng-model="book.name"/>
<input type="text" ng-model="book.author"/>
is abailble: <span ng-bind="book.isAvailabe() &#63; 'Yes' : 'No'"></span>
<button ng-click="book.delete()">Delete</button>
<button ng-click="book.update()">Update</button>
</div>

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以上，多個controller可以使用同一個有關book的Data Model了，如果多個controller處理同一個有關book的Data Model呢？

app.factory('booksManager', ['$http', '$q', 'Book', function($http. $q, Book){
var booksManager = {
_pool: {},
_retrieveInstance: function(bookId, bookData){
var instance = this._pool[bookId];
if(instance){
instance.setData(bookData);
} else {
instance = new Book(bookData);
this._pool[bookId] = instance;
}
return instance;
},
_seach: function(bookId){
reutrn this_.pool[bookId];
},
_load: function(bookId, deferred){
var scope = this;
$http.get('api/books/' + bookId)
.success(funciton(bookData){
var book = scope._retrieveInstance(bookData.id, bookData);
deferred.resolve(book);
})
.error(function(){
deferred.reject();
})
},
getBook: function(bookId){
var deferred = $q.defer();
var book = this._search(bookId);
if(book){
deferred.resove(book);
} else {
this._load(bookId, deferred);
}
return deferred.promise;
},
loadAllBooks: function(){
var deferred = $q.defer();
var scope = this;
$http.get('api/books')
.success(function(booksArray){
var books = [];
booksArray.forEach(function(bookData){
var book = scope.l_retrieveInstance(bookData.id, bookData);
books.push(book);
});
deferred.resolve(books);
})
.error(function(){
deferred.reject();
});
return deferred.promise;
}，
setBook: function(bookData){
var scope = this;
var book = this._search(bookData.id);
if(book){
book.setData(bookData);
} else {
book = scope._retrieveInstance(bookData);
}
return book;
}
};
return booksManager;
}])

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Book服務去掉load方法。

app.factory('Book', ['$http', function($http) { 
function Book(bookData) {
if (bookData) {
this.setData(bookData):
}
// Some other initializations related to book
};
Book.prototype = {
setData: function(bookData) {
angular.extend(this, bookData);
},
delete: function() {
$http.delete('ourserver/books/' + bookId);
},
update: function() {
$http.put('ourserver/books/' + bookId, this);
},
getImageUrl: function(width, height) {
return 'our/image/service/' + this.book.id + '/width/height';
},
isAvailable: function() {
if (!this.book.stores || this.book.stores.length === 0) {
return false;
}
return this.book.stores.some(function(store) {
return store.quantity > 0;
});
}
};
return Book;
}]);

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現在，多個controller可以使用同一個booksManager服務。

app.controller('EditableBookController',['$scope', 'booksManager', function($scope, booksManager){
booksManager.getBook(1).then(function(book){
$scope.book = book;
})
}])
.controller('BooksListController',['$scope', 'booksManager', function($scope, booksManager){
booksManager.loadAllBooks().then(function(books){
$scope.books = books;
})
}])

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