深入淺析AngularJS和DataModel_AngularJS

AngularJS 簡介

AngularJS 是 JavaScript 框架。它可透過 <script> 標籤新增至 HTML 頁面。 <br /> </script>

AngularJS 透過 指令 擴充了 HTML，且透過 表達式 綁定資料到 HTML。

什麼是 AngularJS？

AngularJS 讓開發現代的單一頁面應用程式（SPAs：Single Page Applications）變得更加容易。

AngularJS 把應用程式資料綁定到 HTML 元素。

AngularJS 可以複製和重複 HTML 元素。

AngularJS 可以隱藏並顯示 HTML 元素。

AngularJS 可以在 HTML 元素"背後"加入程式碼。

AngularJS 支援輸入驗證。

通常，在AngularJS中使用JSON作為儲存資料的模型。我們可能這樣在controller中寫model：

app.controller('BookController',['$scope',function($scope){
$scope.book = {
id:1,
name:'',
author:'',
stores:[
{id:1, name:'', quantity:2},
{id:2, name:'', quantity:2},
...
]
};
}])

在視圖中也許這樣用到這個model:

<div ng-controller="BookController">
<span ng-bind="book.id"></span>
<input type="text" ng-model="book.name"/>
<input type="text" ng-model="book.author"/>
</div> 

當我們需要從服務端取得資料的時候，可能會這樣寫：

app.controller('BookController',['$scope', '$http', function($scope, $http){
var bookId = 1;
$http.get('api/books'+bookId).success(function(bookData){
$scope.book = bookData;
})
$scope.deleteBook = function(){
$http.delete('api/books/' + bookId);
}
$scope.updateBook = function(){
$http.put('api/books/'+bookId, $scope.book);
}
$scope.getBookImageUrl = function(width, height){
return 'our/iamge/service' +bookId + '/width/height';
}
$scope.isAvailable = function(){
if(!$scope.book.stores || $scope.book.stores.length === 0){
return false;
}
reutrn $scope.book.stores.some(function(store){
return store.quantity > 0;
})
}
}]) 

在視圖中可能這樣使用：

<div ng-controller="BookController">
<div ng-style="{backgroundImage: 'url('+getBookImageUrl(100,100)+')'}"></div>
<span ng-bind="book.id"></span&#63;
<input type="text" ng-model="book.name"/>
<input type="text" ng-model="book.author"/>
is available: <span ng-bind="isAvailable() &#63; 'Yes' : 'No'"></span>
<button ng-click="deleteBook()">Delete</button>
<button ng-click="updateBook">Update</button>
</div> 

以上，JSON格式的model只能在BookController中使用，如何在其他controller中也可以使用呢？
--透過factory方式

app.factory('Book', ['$http', function($http){
function Book(bookData){
if(bookData){
this.setData(bookData);
}
}
Book.prototype = {
setData: function(bookData){
angular.extend(this, bookData);
},
load: function(id){
var scope = this;
$http.get('api/books/' + bookId).success(function(bookData){
scope.setData(bookData);
})
},
delete: function(bookId){
$http.delete('api/books/' + bookId);
},
update: function(bookId){
$http.put('api/books/' + bookId, this);
},
getImageUrl: function(width, height){
return 'our/image/service/' + this.book.id + '/' + width + '/' + height;
},
isAvailable: funciton(){
if(!this.book.stores || this.book.stores.length === 0) {
return false;
} 
return this.book.stores.some(function(store){
return store.quantity > 0;
})
}
}
return Book;
}]) 

以上，透過factory的方式創建了類似Book的一個Data Model，現在可以注入到controller中去了。

app.controller('BookController', ['$scope', 'Book', function($scope, Book){
$scope.book = new Book();
$scope.book.load(1);
}]) 

在視圖中也會有對應的變化。

<div ng-controller="BookController">
<div ng-style="{backgroundImage: 'url(' + book.getImageUrl(100, 100) + ')'}"></div>
<span ng-bind="book.id"></span>
<input type="text" ng-model="book.name"/>
<input type="text" ng-model="book.author"/>
is abailble: <span ng-bind="book.isAvailabe() &#63; 'Yes' : 'No'"></span>
<button ng-click="book.delete()">Delete</button>
<button ng-click="book.update()">Update</button>
</div> 

以上，多個controller可以使用同一個有關book的Data Model了，如果多個controller處理同一個有關book的Data Model呢？

app.factory('booksManager', ['$http', '$q', 'Book', function($http. $q, Book){
var booksManager = {
_pool: {},
_retrieveInstance: function(bookId, bookData){
var instance = this._pool[bookId];
if(instance){
instance.setData(bookData);
} else {
instance = new Book(bookData);
this._pool[bookId] = instance;
}
return instance;
},
_seach: function(bookId){
reutrn this_.pool[bookId];
},
_load: function(bookId, deferred){
var scope = this;
$http.get('api/books/' + bookId)
.success(funciton(bookData){
var book = scope._retrieveInstance(bookData.id, bookData);
deferred.resolve(book);
})
.error(function(){
deferred.reject();
})
},
getBook: function(bookId){
var deferred = $q.defer();
var book = this._search(bookId);
if(book){
deferred.resove(book);
} else {
this._load(bookId, deferred);
}
return deferred.promise;
},
loadAllBooks: function(){
var deferred = $q.defer();
var scope = this;
$http.get('api/books')
.success(function(booksArray){
var books = [];
booksArray.forEach(function(bookData){
var book = scope.l_retrieveInstance(bookData.id, bookData);
books.push(book);
});
deferred.resolve(books);
})
.error(function(){
deferred.reject();
});
return deferred.promise;
}，
setBook: function(bookData){
var scope = this;
var book = this._search(bookData.id);
if(book){
book.setData(bookData);
} else {
book = scope._retrieveInstance(bookData);
}
return book;
}
};
return booksManager;
}]) 

Book服務去掉load方法。

app.factory('Book', ['$http', function($http) { 
function Book(bookData) {
if (bookData) {
this.setData(bookData):
}
// Some other initializations related to book
};
Book.prototype = {
setData: function(bookData) {
angular.extend(this, bookData);
},
delete: function() {
$http.delete('ourserver/books/' + bookId);
},
update: function() {
$http.put('ourserver/books/' + bookId, this);
},
getImageUrl: function(width, height) {
return 'our/image/service/' + this.book.id + '/width/height';
},
isAvailable: function() {
if (!this.book.stores || this.book.stores.length === 0) {
return false;
}
return this.book.stores.some(function(store) {
return store.quantity > 0;
});
}
};
return Book;
}]); 

現在，多個controller可以使用同一個booksManager服務。

app.controller('EditableBookController',['$scope', 'booksManager', function($scope, booksManager){
booksManager.getBook(1).then(function(book){
$scope.book = book;
})
}])
.controller('BooksListController',['$scope', 'booksManager', function($scope, booksManager){
booksManager.loadAllBooks().then(function(books){
$scope.books = books;
})
}])