目录
[1]文档结构 [2]文档声明 [3]文档头部 [4]文档主体
文档结构
一个完整的HTML文档必须包含3个部分：文档声明、文档头部和文档主体。
【最简单的文档结构】
<!DOCTYPE html><html><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Document</title></head><body></body></html>
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【复杂的文档结构】
<!DOCTYPE html><html><head> <meta charset="utf-8"/> <title>Document</title> <meta name="keywords" content=""/> <meta name="description" content=""/> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="5/style.css"/> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="ico.ico"/></head><body></body></html>
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文档声明
告诉浏览器以哪个标准来解析HTML文档
[注意]必须首行、顶格，对大小写不敏感
【HTML版本】
版本 年份
| HTML | 1991 |
| HTML+ | 1993 |
| HTML 2.0 | 1995 |
| HTML 3.2 | 1996 |
| HTML 4.01 | 1999 |
| XHTML 1.0 | 2000 |
| HTML5 | 2014 |
【常用声明】
【1】HTML5
【2】在HTML5之前，文档声明一般有三种类型：严格型strict、过渡型transitional、框架frameset
【a】HTML4.01
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN""http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Frameset//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/frameset.dtd">
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【b】XHTML1.0
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN""http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Frameset//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-frameset.dtd">
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【c】XHTML1.1 等同于XHTML1.0 Strict
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
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文档头部
描述了文档的一些基本的属性和信息（可以呈现的是title和icon）
【1】文档标题
</p> <p> 【作用】<br /> 【a】定义浏览器工具栏中的标题<br /> 【b】提供页面被添加到收藏夹时显示的标题<br /> 【c】显示在搜索引擎结果中的页面标题</p> <p> [注意]在所有HTML文档中，<title>都是必须的</p> <p> </p> <p> 【2】base标签</p> <p> 为页面上所有链接规定默认地址和默认打开方式</p> <p class="sycode"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><base href="http://baidu.com" target="_blank"></pre><div class="contentsignin">登入後複製</div></div> </p> <p> </p> <p> 【3】link标签</p> <p> 【a】引入图标</p> <p class="sycode"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><link rel="shortcut icon" href="ico.ico"/></pre><div class="contentsignin">登入後複製</div></div> </p> <p> 【b】引入外部CSS样式表 </p> <p class="sycode"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="mystyle.css" /></pre><div class="contentsignin">登入後複製</div></div> </p> <p> </p> <p> 【4】style标签和script标签</p> <p> 【a】引入内部CSS样式</p> <p class="sycode"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><style> body{background-color: red;}</style></pre><div class="contentsignin">登入後複製</div></div> </p> <p> 【b】引入javascript </p> <p class="sycode"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'>document.onclick = function(){ alert('hello world;')}</pre><div class="contentsignin">登入後複製</div></div> </p> <p> </p> <p> 【5】meta标签</p> <p> 【a】字符编码，文档的编码一定要与文件本身的编码保持一致，否则会出现乱码，推荐使用UTF-8编码</p> <p class="sycode"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><meta charset="utf-8"/></pre><div class="contentsignin">登入後複製</div></div> </p> <p> 【b】SEO常用到的关键词keywords和描述description</p> <p class="sycode"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><meta name="description" content="Free Web tutorials on HTML, CSS, JavaScript" /><meta name="keywords" content="HTML, CSS, XML" /></pre><div class="contentsignin">登入後複製</div></div> </p> <p> 【c】作者、版权</p> <p class="sycode"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><meta name="author" content="littlematch"><meta name="copyright" content=""></pre><div class="contentsignin">登入後複製</div></div> </p> <p> 【d】定时跳转(让网页多少秒刷新，或跳转到其他网页)</p> <p class="sycode"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="5"><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="5;url=http://www.baidu.com"></pre><div class="contentsignin">登入後複製</div></div> </p> <p> 【e】期限(指定网页在缓存中的过期时间)</p> <p class="sycode"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><meta http-equiv="Expires" Content="0"><meta http-equiv="Expires" Content="Sat Nov 28 2015 21:19:15 GMT+0800"> </pre><div class="contentsignin">登入後複製</div></div> </p> <p> 【f】缓存</p> <p class="sycode"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><meta http-equiv="Pragma" Content="No-cach">(禁止缓存，访问者无法脱机浏览)</pre><div class="contentsignin">登入後複製</div></div> </p> <p> 【g】cookie</p> <p class="sycode"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><meta http-equiv="Set-Cookie" Content="cookievalue=xxx; expires=Sat Nov 28 2015 21:19:15 GMT+0800; path=/"></pre><div class="contentsignin">登入後複製</div></div> </p> <p> 【h】viewport:视口，移动端常用</p> <p class="sycode"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no" /></pre><div class="contentsignin">登入後複製</div></div> </p> <p> </p> <h2 id="文档主体-body">文档主体<body></h2> <p> 真正可以在页面上看到的内容</p> <p> 【常用标签】</p> <p class="sycode"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><h1><h2><h3><h4><h5><h6><p><a><img alt="HTML骨架结构_html/css_WEB-ITnose" ><strong><em><br><hr><ul><ol><li><dl><dt><dd><section><header><footer><nav><article><aside><time><table><thead><tbody><caption><tr><th><td><form><input><textarea><button><select><option><label></pre><div class="contentsignin">登入後複製</div></div> </p> <p> [注意]在HTML5标准下，哪些标签可以使用，哪些标签不可以使用，请移步HTML元素和有效的DTD</p> <p> </p> <p class="sycode"></p> <p class="sycode"></p> <p class="sycode"> </p>
<p class="sycode"></p> <p class="sycode"></p> <p class="sycode"> </p> <p class="sycode"></p> <p class="sycode"></p>
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fixedElement.classList.remove("Article_Details_main1Lmain");
fixedElement.classList.add("Article_Details_main1Lmain_relative");
} else {
// 否则，保持固定定位
fixedElement.classList.remove("Article_Details_main1Lmain_relative");
fixedElement.classList.add("Article_Details_main1Lmain");
}
});
</script>
<script>
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
const mainNav = document.querySelector('.Article_Details_main1Lmain');
const header = document.querySelector('header');
if (mainNav) {
window.addEventListener('scroll', function() {
const scrollPosition = window.scrollY;
if (scrollPosition > 84) {
mainNav.classList.add('fixed');
} else {
mainNav.classList.remove('fixed');
}
});
}
});
</script>
</body>
</html> 
