快速入門
模組提供三個類別來處理一對一映射類型的一些操作
'bidict', 'inverted', 'namedbidict'
>>> import bidict >>> dir(bidict) ['MutableMapping', '_LEGALNAMEPAT', '_LEGALNAMERE', '__builtins__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__name__', '__package__', 'bidict', 'inverted', 'namedbidict', 're', 'wraps']
1.bidict類:
>>> from bidict import bidict >>> D=bidict({'a':'b'}) >>> D['a'] 'b' >>> D[:'b'] 'a' >>> ~D #反转字典 bidict({'b': 'a'}) >>> dict(D) #转为普通字典 {'a': 'b'} >>> D['c']='c' #添加元素,普通字典的方法都可以用 >>> D bidict({'a': 'b', 'c': 'c'})
2.inverted類,反轉字典的鍵值
>>> seq = [(1, 'one'), (2, 'two'), (3, 'three')] >>> list(inverted(seq)) [('one', 1), ('two', 2), ('three', 3)]
3.namedbidict(mapname, fwdname, invname):
>>> CoupleMap = namedbidict('CoupleMap', 'husbands', 'wives') >>> famous = CoupleMap({'bill': 'hillary'}) >>> famous.husbands['bill'] 'hillary' >>> famous.wives['hillary'] 'bill' >>> famous.husbands['barack'] = 'michelle' >>> del famous.wives['hillary'] >>> famous CoupleMap({'barack': 'michelle'})
更多內容
如果你不喜歡冒號的方式,可以使用namedbidict類別給雙向字典取2個別名。這樣對外會提供正向和逆向的2個子字典。實際上還是以一個雙向 字典的形式存在:
>>> HTMLEntities = namedbidict('HTMLEntities', 'names', 'codepoints') >>> entities = HTMLEntities({'lt': 60, 'gt': 62, 'amp': 38}) # etc >>> entities.names['lt'] 60 >>> entities.codepoints[38] 'amp'
也可以使用一元的逆運算子"~"來取得bidict逆映射字典。
>>> import bidict >>> from bidict import bidict >>> husbands2wives = bidict({'john': 'jackie'}) >>> ~husbands2wives bidict({'jackie': 'john'})
以下情況注意添加括號,因為~的優先順序低於中括號:
>>> import bidict >>> from bidict import bidict >>> husbands2wives = bidict({'john': 'jackie'}) >>> ~husbands2wives bidict({'jackie': 'john'})
以下情況注意添加括號,因為~的優先順序低於中括號:
>>> (~bi)['one'] 1
bidict不是dict的子類,但它的API的是dict的超集(但沒有fromkeys方法,改用了MutableMapping 口)。
迭代器類別inverted會翻轉key和value,如:
>>> seq = [(1, 'one'), (2, 'two'), (3, 'three')] >>> list(inverted(seq)) [('one', 1), ('two', 2), ('three', 3)]
bidict的invert()方法和inverted類似。依賴模組:collections中的MutableMapping,functools中的wraps,re。
bidict可以和字典進行比較
>>> bi == bidict({1:'one'}) >>> bi == dict([(1, 'one')]) True
其他字典通用的方法,bidict也支援:
>>> bi.get('one') 1 >>> bi.setdefault('one', 2) 1 >>> bi.setdefault('two', 2) 2 >>> len(bi) # calls __len__ 2 >>> bi.pop('one') 1 >>> bi.popitem() ('two', 2) >>> bi.inv.setdefault(3, 'three') 'three' >>> bi bidict({'three': 3}) >>> [key for key in bi] # calls __iter__, returns keys like dict ['three'] >>> 'three' in bi # calls __contains__ True >>> list(bi.keys()) ['three'] >>> list(bi.values()) [3] >>> bi.update([('four', 4)]) >>> bi.update({'five': 5}, six=6, seven=7) >>> sorted(bi.items(), key=lambda x: x[1]) [('three', 3), ('four', 4), ('five', 5), ('six', 6), ('seven', 7)]