介面des加密?
介面上要做des加密,不太懂,求指點,求推薦一些des加密的資料
其實是想找到相容四個端的通用的,目前找到一篇PHP、JAVA、C#、Object-C 通用的DES加密,我自己試了一試,php加密的內容,安卓、IOS都解得開,只是當加密的內容含中文的時候移動端就會報錯,貌似原文章評論說ios加密長數據會有報錯,不過具體怎麼樣我就不太清楚了,因為我沒遇到這錯誤==
回覆內容:
介面上要做des加密,不太懂,求指點,求推薦一些des加密的資料
其實是想找到相容四個端的通用的,目前找到一篇PHP、JAVA、C#、Object-C 通用的DES加密,我自己試了一試,php加密的內容,安卓、IOS都解得開,只是當加密的內容含中文的時候移動端就會報錯,貌似原文章評論說ios加密長數據會有報錯,不過具體怎麼樣我就不太清楚了,因為我沒遇到這錯誤==
http://blog.csdn.net/cdh1213/...
ThinkPHP的DES演算法
<?php // +---------------------------------------------------------------------- // | ThinkPHP [ WE CAN DO IT JUST THINK IT ] // +---------------------------------------------------------------------- // | Copyright (c) 2009 http://thinkphp.cn All rights reserved. // +---------------------------------------------------------------------- // | Licensed ( http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 ) // +---------------------------------------------------------------------- // | Author: liu21st <liu21st@gmail.com> // +---------------------------------------------------------------------- namespace Think\Crypt\Driver; /** * Des 加密实现类 * Converted from JavaScript to PHP by Jim Gibbs, June 2004 Paul Tero, July 2001 * Optimised for performance with large blocks by Michael Hayworth, November 2001 * http://www.netdealing.com */ class Des { /** * 加密字符串 * @param string $str 字符串 * @param string $key 加密key * @param integer $expire 有效期(秒) * @return string */ public static function encrypt($str, $key,$expire=0) { if ($str == "") { return ""; } $expire = sprintf('%010d', $expire ? $expire + time():0); $str = $expire.$str; return self::_des($key,$str,1); } /** * 解密字符串 * @param string $str 字符串 * @param string $key 加密key * @return string */ public static function decrypt($str, $key) { if ($str == "") { return ""; } $data = self::_des($key,$str,0); $expire = substr($data,0,10); if($expire > 0 && $expire < time()) { return ''; } $data = substr($data,10); return $data; } /** * Des算法 * @param string $str 字符串 * @param string $key 加密key * @return string */ private static function _des($key, $message, $encrypt, $mode=0, $iv=null) { //declaring this locally speeds things up a bit $spfunction1 = array (0x1010400,0,0x10000,0x1010404,0x1010004,0x10404,0x4,0x10000,0x400,0x1010400,0x1010404,0x400,0x1000404,0x1010004,0x1000000,0x4,0x404,0x1000400,0x1000400,0x10400,0x10400,0x1010000,0x1010000,0x1000404,0x10004,0x1000004,0x1000004,0x10004,0,0x404,0x10404,0x1000000,0x10000,0x1010404,0x4,0x1010000,0x1010400,0x1000000,0x1000000,0x400,0x1010004,0x10000,0x10400,0x1000004,0x400,0x4,0x1000404,0x10404,0x1010404,0x10004,0x1010000,0x1000404,0x1000004,0x404,0x10404,0x1010400,0x404,0x1000400,0x1000400,0,0x10004,0x10400,0,0x1010004); $spfunction2 = array (-0x7fef7fe0,-0x7fff8000,0x8000,0x108020,0x100000,0x20,-0x7fefffe0,-0x7fff7fe0,-0x7fffffe0,-0x7fef7fe0,-0x7fef8000,-0x80000000,-0x7fff8000,0x100000,0x20,-0x7fefffe0,0x108000,0x100020,-0x7fff7fe0,0,-0x80000000,0x8000,0x108020,-0x7ff00000,0x100020,-0x7fffffe0,0,0x108000,0x8020,-0x7fef8000,-0x7ff00000,0x8020,0,0x108020,-0x7fefffe0,0x100000,-0x7fff7fe0,-0x7ff00000,-0x7fef8000,0x8000,-0x7ff00000,-0x7fff8000,0x20,-0x7fef7fe0,0x108020,0x20,0x8000,-0x80000000,0x8020,-0x7fef8000,0x100000,-0x7fffffe0,0x100020,-0x7fff7fe0,-0x7fffffe0,0x100020,0x108000,0,-0x7fff8000,0x8020,-0x80000000,-0x7fefffe0,-0x7fef7fe0,0x108000); $spfunction3 = array (0x208,0x8020200,0,0x8020008,0x8000200,0,0x20208,0x8000200,0x20008,0x8000008,0x8000008,0x20000,0x8020208,0x20008,0x8020000,0x208,0x8000000,0x8,0x8020200,0x200,0x20200,0x8020000,0x8020008,0x20208,0x8000208,0x20200,0x20000,0x8000208,0x8,0x8020208,0x200,0x8000000,0x8020200,0x8000000,0x20008,0x208,0x20000,0x8020200,0x8000200,0,0x200,0x20008,0x8020208,0x8000200,0x8000008,0x200,0,0x8020008,0x8000208,0x20000,0x8000000,0x8020208,0x8,0x20208,0x20200,0x8000008,0x8020000,0x8000208,0x208,0x8020000,0x20208,0x8,0x8020008,0x20200); $spfunction4 = array (0x802001,0x2081,0x2081,0x80,0x802080,0x800081,0x800001,0x2001,0,0x802000,0x802000,0x802081,0x81,0,0x800080,0x800001,0x1,0x2000,0x800000,0x802001,0x80,0x800000,0x2001,0x2080,0x800081,0x1,0x2080,0x800080,0x2000,0x802080,0x802081,0x81,0x800080,0x800001,0x802000,0x802081,0x81,0,0,0x802000,0x2080,0x800080,0x800081,0x1,0x802001,0x2081,0x2081,0x80,0x802081,0x81,0x1,0x2000,0x800001,0x2001,0x802080,0x800081,0x2001,0x2080,0x800000,0x802001,0x80,0x800000,0x2000,0x802080); $spfunction5 = array (0x100,0x2080100,0x2080000,0x42000100,0x80000,0x100,0x40000000,0x2080000,0x40080100,0x80000,0x2000100,0x40080100,0x42000100,0x42080000,0x80100,0x40000000,0x2000000,0x40080000,0x40080000,0,0x40000100,0x42080100,0x42080100,0x2000100,0x42080000,0x40000100,0,0x42000000,0x2080100,0x2000000,0x42000000,0x80100,0x80000,0x42000100,0x100,0x2000000,0x40000000,0x2080000,0x42000100,0x40080100,0x2000100,0x40000000,0x42080000,0x2080100,0x40080100,0x100,0x2000000,0x42080000,0x42080100,0x80100,0x42000000,0x42080100,0x2080000,0,0x40080000,0x42000000,0x80100,0x2000100,0x40000100,0x80000,0,0x40080000,0x2080100,0x40000100); $spfunction6 = array (0x20000010,0x20400000,0x4000,0x20404010,0x20400000,0x10,0x20404010,0x400000,0x20004000,0x404010,0x400000,0x20000010,0x400010,0x20004000,0x20000000,0x4010,0,0x400010,0x20004010,0x4000,0x404000,0x20004010,0x10,0x20400010,0x20400010,0,0x404010,0x20404000,0x4010,0x404000,0x20404000,0x20000000,0x20004000,0x10,0x20400010,0x404000,0x20404010,0x400000,0x4010,0x20000010,0x400000,0x20004000,0x20000000,0x4010,0x20000010,0x20404010,0x404000,0x20400000,0x404010,0x20404000,0,0x20400010,0x10,0x4000,0x20400000,0x404010,0x4000,0x400010,0x20004010,0,0x20404000,0x20000000,0x400010,0x20004010); $spfunction7 = array (0x200000,0x4200002,0x4000802,0,0x800,0x4000802,0x200802,0x4200800,0x4200802,0x200000,0,0x4000002,0x2,0x4000000,0x4200002,0x802,0x4000800,0x200802,0x200002,0x4000800,0x4000002,0x4200000,0x4200800,0x200002,0x4200000,0x800,0x802,0x4200802,0x200800,0x2,0x4000000,0x200800,0x4000000,0x200800,0x200000,0x4000802,0x4000802,0x4200002,0x4200002,0x2,0x200002,0x4000000,0x4000800,0x200000,0x4200800,0x802,0x200802,0x4200800,0x802,0x4000002,0x4200802,0x4200000,0x200800,0,0x2,0x4200802,0,0x200802,0x4200000,0x800,0x4000002,0x4000800,0x800,0x200002); $spfunction8 = array (0x10001040,0x1000,0x40000,0x10041040,0x10000000,0x10001040,0x40,0x10000000,0x40040,0x10040000,0x10041040,0x41000,0x10041000,0x41040,0x1000,0x40,0x10040000,0x10000040,0x10001000,0x1040,0x41000,0x40040,0x10040040,0x10041000,0x1040,0,0,0x10040040,0x10000040,0x10001000,0x41040,0x40000,0x41040,0x40000,0x10041000,0x1000,0x40,0x10040040,0x1000,0x41040,0x10001000,0x40,0x10000040,0x10040000,0x10040040,0x10000000,0x40000,0x10001040,0,0x10041040,0x40040,0x10000040,0x10040000,0x10001000,0x10001040,0,0x10041040,0x41000,0x41000,0x1040,0x1040,0x40040,0x10000000,0x10041000); $masks = array (4294967295,2147483647,1073741823,536870911,268435455,134217727,67108863,33554431,16777215,8388607,4194303,2097151,1048575,524287,262143,131071,65535,32767,16383,8191,4095,2047,1023,511,255,127,63,31,15,7,3,1,0); //create the 16 or 48 subkeys we will need $keys = self::_createKeys ($key); $m=0; $len = strlen($message); $chunk = 0; //set up the loops for single and triple des $iterations = ((count($keys) == 32) ? 3 : 9); //single or triple des if ($iterations == 3) {$looping = (($encrypt) ? array (0, 32, 2) : array (30, -2, -2));} else {$looping = (($encrypt) ? array (0, 32, 2, 62, 30, -2, 64, 96, 2) : array (94, 62, -2, 32, 64, 2, 30, -2, -2));} $message .= (chr(0) . chr(0) . chr(0) . chr(0) . chr(0) . chr(0) . chr(0) . chr(0)); //pad the message out with null bytes //store the result here $result = ""; $tempresult = ""; if ($mode == 1) { //CBC mode $cbcleft = (ord($iv{$m++}) << 24) | (ord($iv{$m++}) << 16) | (ord($iv{$m++}) << 8) | ord($iv{$m++}); $cbcright = (ord($iv{$m++}) << 24) | (ord($iv{$m++}) << 16) | (ord($iv{$m++}) << 8) | ord($iv{$m++}); $m=0; } //loop through each 64 bit chunk of the message while ($m < $len) { $left = (ord($message{$m++}) << 24) | (ord($message{$m++}) << 16) | (ord($message{$m++}) << 8) | ord($message{$m++}); $right = (ord($message{$m++}) << 24) | (ord($message{$m++}) << 16) | (ord($message{$m++}) << 8) | ord($message{$m++}); //for Cipher Block Chaining mode, xor the message with the previous result if ($mode == 1) {if ($encrypt) {$left ^= $cbcleft; $right ^= $cbcright;} else {$cbcleft2 = $cbcleft; $cbcright2 = $cbcright; $cbcleft = $left; $cbcright = $right;}} //first each 64 but chunk of the message must be permuted according to IP $temp = (($left >> 4 & $masks[4]) ^ $right) & 0x0f0f0f0f; $right ^= $temp; $left ^= ($temp << 4); $temp = (($left >> 16 & $masks[16]) ^ $right) & 0x0000ffff; $right ^= $temp; $left ^= ($temp << 16); $temp = (($right >> 2 & $masks[2]) ^ $left) & 0x33333333; $left ^= $temp; $right ^= ($temp << 2); $temp = (($right >> 8 & $masks[8]) ^ $left) & 0x00ff00ff; $left ^= $temp; $right ^= ($temp << 8); $temp = (($left >> 1 & $masks[1]) ^ $right) & 0x55555555; $right ^= $temp; $left ^= ($temp << 1); $left = (($left << 1) | ($left >> 31 & $masks[31])); $right = (($right << 1) | ($right >> 31 & $masks[31])); //do this either 1 or 3 times for each chunk of the message for ($j=0; $j<$iterations; $j+=3) { $endloop = $looping[$j+1]; $loopinc = $looping[$j+2]; //now go through and perform the encryption or decryption for ($i=$looping[$j]; $i!=$endloop; $i+=$loopinc) { //for efficiency $right1 = $right ^ $keys[$i]; $right2 = (($right >> 4 & $masks[4]) | ($right << 28)) ^ $keys[$i+1]; //the result is attained by passing these bytes through the S selection functions $temp = $left; $left = $right; $right = $temp ^ ($spfunction2[($right1 >> 24 & $masks[24]) & 0x3f] | $spfunction4[($right1 >> 16 & $masks[16]) & 0x3f] | $spfunction6[($right1 >> 8 & $masks[8]) & 0x3f] | $spfunction8[$right1 & 0x3f] | $spfunction1[($right2 >> 24 & $masks[24]) & 0x3f] | $spfunction3[($right2 >> 16 & $masks[16]) & 0x3f] | $spfunction5[($right2 >> 8 & $masks[8]) & 0x3f] | $spfunction7[$right2 & 0x3f]); } $temp = $left; $left = $right; $right = $temp; //unreverse left and right } //for either 1 or 3 iterations //move then each one bit to the right $left = (($left >> 1 & $masks[1]) | ($left << 31)); $right = (($right >> 1 & $masks[1]) | ($right << 31)); //now perform IP-1, which is IP in the opposite direction $temp = (($left >> 1 & $masks[1]) ^ $right) & 0x55555555; $right ^= $temp; $left ^= ($temp << 1); $temp = (($right >> 8 & $masks[8]) ^ $left) & 0x00ff00ff; $left ^= $temp; $right ^= ($temp << 8); $temp = (($right >> 2 & $masks[2]) ^ $left) & 0x33333333; $left ^= $temp; $right ^= ($temp << 2); $temp = (($left >> 16 & $masks[16]) ^ $right) & 0x0000ffff; $right ^= $temp; $left ^= ($temp << 16); $temp = (($left >> 4 & $masks[4]) ^ $right) & 0x0f0f0f0f; $right ^= $temp; $left ^= ($temp << 4); //for Cipher Block Chaining mode, xor the message with the previous result if ($mode == 1) {if ($encrypt) {$cbcleft = $left; $cbcright = $right;} else {$left ^= $cbcleft2; $right ^= $cbcright2;}} $tempresult .= (chr($left>>24 & $masks[24]) . chr(($left>>16 & $masks[16]) & 0xff) . chr(($left>>8 & $masks[8]) & 0xff) . chr($left & 0xff) . chr($right>>24 & $masks[24]) . chr(($right>>16 & $masks[16]) & 0xff) . chr(($right>>8 & $masks[8]) & 0xff) . chr($right & 0xff)); $chunk += 8; if ($chunk == 512) {$result .= $tempresult; $tempresult = ""; $chunk = 0;} } //for every 8 characters, or 64 bits in the message //return the result as an array return ($result . $tempresult); } //end of des /** * createKeys * this takes as input a 64 bit key (even though only 56 bits are used) * as an array of 2 integers, and returns 16 48 bit keys * @param string $key 加密key * @return string */ private static function _createKeys ($key) { //declaring this locally speeds things up a bit $pc2bytes0 = array (0,0x4,0x20000000,0x20000004,0x10000,0x10004,0x20010000,0x20010004,0x200,0x204,0x20000200,0x20000204,0x10200,0x10204,0x20010200,0x20010204); $pc2bytes1 = array (0,0x1,0x100000,0x100001,0x4000000,0x4000001,0x4100000,0x4100001,0x100,0x101,0x100100,0x100101,0x4000100,0x4000101,0x4100100,0x4100101); $pc2bytes2 = array (0,0x8,0x800,0x808,0x1000000,0x1000008,0x1000800,0x1000808,0,0x8,0x800,0x808,0x1000000,0x1000008,0x1000800,0x1000808); $pc2bytes3 = array (0,0x200000,0x8000000,0x8200000,0x2000,0x202000,0x8002000,0x8202000,0x20000,0x220000,0x8020000,0x8220000,0x22000,0x222000,0x8022000,0x8222000); $pc2bytes4 = array (0,0x40000,0x10,0x40010,0,0x40000,0x10,0x40010,0x1000,0x41000,0x1010,0x41010,0x1000,0x41000,0x1010,0x41010); $pc2bytes5 = array (0,0x400,0x20,0x420,0,0x400,0x20,0x420,0x2000000,0x2000400,0x2000020,0x2000420,0x2000000,0x2000400,0x2000020,0x2000420); $pc2bytes6 = array (0,0x10000000,0x80000,0x10080000,0x2,0x10000002,0x80002,0x10080002,0,0x10000000,0x80000,0x10080000,0x2,0x10000002,0x80002,0x10080002); $pc2bytes7 = array (0,0x10000,0x800,0x10800,0x20000000,0x20010000,0x20000800,0x20010800,0x20000,0x30000,0x20800,0x30800,0x20020000,0x20030000,0x20020800,0x20030800); $pc2bytes8 = array (0,0x40000,0,0x40000,0x2,0x40002,0x2,0x40002,0x2000000,0x2040000,0x2000000,0x2040000,0x2000002,0x2040002,0x2000002,0x2040002); $pc2bytes9 = array (0,0x10000000,0x8,0x10000008,0,0x10000000,0x8,0x10000008,0x400,0x10000400,0x408,0x10000408,0x400,0x10000400,0x408,0x10000408); $pc2bytes10 = array (0,0x20,0,0x20,0x100000,0x100020,0x100000,0x100020,0x2000,0x2020,0x2000,0x2020,0x102000,0x102020,0x102000,0x102020); $pc2bytes11 = array (0,0x1000000,0x200,0x1000200,0x200000,0x1200000,0x200200,0x1200200,0x4000000,0x5000000,0x4000200,0x5000200,0x4200000,0x5200000,0x4200200,0x5200200); $pc2bytes12 = array (0,0x1000,0x8000000,0x8001000,0x80000,0x81000,0x8080000,0x8081000,0x10,0x1010,0x8000010,0x8001010,0x80010,0x81010,0x8080010,0x8081010); $pc2bytes13 = array (0,0x4,0x100,0x104,0,0x4,0x100,0x104,0x1,0x5,0x101,0x105,0x1,0x5,0x101,0x105); $masks = array (4294967295,2147483647,1073741823,536870911,268435455,134217727,67108863,33554431,16777215,8388607,4194303,2097151,1048575,524287,262143,131071,65535,32767,16383,8191,4095,2047,1023,511,255,127,63,31,15,7,3,1,0); //how many iterations (1 for des, 3 for triple des) $iterations = ((strlen($key) >= 24) ? 3 : 1); //stores the return keys $keys = array (); // size = 32 * iterations but you don't specify this in php //now define the left shifts which need to be done $shifts = array (0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0); //other variables $m=0; $n=0; for ($j=0; $j<$iterations; $j++) { //either 1 or 3 iterations $left = (ord($key{$m++}) << 24) | (ord($key{$m++}) << 16) | (ord($key{$m++}) << 8) | ord($key{$m++}); $right = (ord($key{$m++}) << 24) | (ord($key{$m++}) << 16) | (ord($key{$m++}) << 8) | ord($key{$m++}); $temp = (($left >> 4 & $masks[4]) ^ $right) & 0x0f0f0f0f; $right ^= $temp; $left ^= ($temp << 4); $temp = (($right >> 16 & $masks[16]) ^ $left) & 0x0000ffff; $left ^= $temp; $right ^= ($temp << -16); $temp = (($left >> 2 & $masks[2]) ^ $right) & 0x33333333; $right ^= $temp; $left ^= ($temp << 2); $temp = (($right >> 16 & $masks[16]) ^ $left) & 0x0000ffff; $left ^= $temp; $right ^= ($temp << -16); $temp = (($left >> 1 & $masks[1]) ^ $right) & 0x55555555; $right ^= $temp; $left ^= ($temp << 1); $temp = (($right >> 8 & $masks[8]) ^ $left) & 0x00ff00ff; $left ^= $temp; $right ^= ($temp << 8); $temp = (($left >> 1 & $masks[1]) ^ $right) & 0x55555555; $right ^= $temp; $left ^= ($temp << 1); //the right side needs to be shifted and to get the last four bits of the left side $temp = ($left << 8) | (($right >> 20 & $masks[20]) & 0x000000f0); //left needs to be put upside down $left = ($right << 24) | (($right << 8) & 0xff0000) | (($right >> 8 & $masks[8]) & 0xff00) | (($right >> 24 & $masks[24]) & 0xf0); $right = $temp; //now go through and perform these shifts on the left and right keys for ($i=0; $i < count($shifts); $i++) { //shift the keys either one or two bits to the left if ($shifts[$i] > 0) { $left = (($left << 2) | ($left >> 26 & $masks[26])); $right = (($right << 2) | ($right >> 26 & $masks[26])); } else { $left = (($left << 1) | ($left >> 27 & $masks[27])); $right = (($right << 1) | ($right >> 27 & $masks[27])); } $left = $left & -0xf; $right = $right & -0xf; //now apply PC-2, in such a way that E is easier when encrypting or decrypting //this conversion will look like PC-2 except only the last 6 bits of each byte are used //rather than 48 consecutive bits and the order of lines will be according to //how the S selection functions will be applied: S2, S4, S6, S8, S1, S3, S5, S7 $lefttemp = $pc2bytes0[$left >> 28 & $masks[28]] | $pc2bytes1[($left >> 24 & $masks[24]) & 0xf] | $pc2bytes2[($left >> 20 & $masks[20]) & 0xf] | $pc2bytes3[($left >> 16 & $masks[16]) & 0xf] | $pc2bytes4[($left >> 12 & $masks[12]) & 0xf] | $pc2bytes5[($left >> 8 & $masks[8]) & 0xf] | $pc2bytes6[($left >> 4 & $masks[4]) & 0xf]; $righttemp = $pc2bytes7[$right >> 28 & $masks[28]] | $pc2bytes8[($right >> 24 & $masks[24]) & 0xf] | $pc2bytes9[($right >> 20 & $masks[20]) & 0xf] | $pc2bytes10[($right >> 16 & $masks[16]) & 0xf] | $pc2bytes11[($right >> 12 & $masks[12]) & 0xf] | $pc2bytes12[($right >> 8 & $masks[8]) & 0xf] | $pc2bytes13[($right >> 4 & $masks[4]) & 0xf]; $temp = (($righttemp >> 16 & $masks[16]) ^ $lefttemp) & 0x0000ffff; $keys[$n++] = $lefttemp ^ $temp; $keys[$n++] = $righttemp ^ ($temp << 16); } } //for each iterations //return the keys we've created return $keys; } //end of des_createKeys }
php DESede加密解密

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C#在企業級應用、遊戲開發、移動應用和Web開發中均有廣泛應用。 1)在企業級應用中,C#常用於ASP.NETCore開發WebAPI。 2)在遊戲開發中,C#與Unity引擎結合,實現角色控制等功能。 3)C#支持多態性和異步編程,提高代碼靈活性和應用性能。

如何將C#.NET應用部署到Azure或AWS?答案是使用AzureAppService和AWSElasticBeanstalk。 1.在Azure上,使用AzureAppService和AzurePipelines自動化部署。 2.在AWS上,使用AmazonElasticBeanstalk和AWSLambda實現部署和無服務器計算。

多次調用session_start()會導致警告信息和可能的數據覆蓋。 1)PHP會發出警告,提示session已啟動。 2)可能導致session數據意外覆蓋。 3)使用session_status()檢查session狀態,避免重複調用。

AI可以幫助優化Composer的使用,具體方法包括:1.依賴管理優化:AI分析依賴關係,建議最佳版本組合,減少衝突。 2.自動化代碼生成:AI生成符合最佳實踐的composer.json文件。 3.代碼質量提升:AI檢測潛在問題,提供優化建議,提高代碼質量。這些方法通過機器學習和自然語言處理技術實現,幫助開發者提高效率和代碼質量。

session_start()iscucialinphpformanagingusersessions.1)ItInitiateSanewsessionifnoneexists,2)resumesanexistingsessions,and3)setsasesessionCookieforContinuityActinuityAccontinuityAcconActInityAcconActInityAcconAccRequests,EnablingApplicationsApplicationsLikeUseAppericationLikeUseAthenticationalticationaltication and PersersonalizedContentent。

如何利用.NET構建應用?使用.NET構建應用可以通過以下步驟實現:1)了解.NET基礎知識,包括C#語言和跨平台開發支持;2)學習核心概念,如.NET生態系統的組件和工作原理;3)掌握基本和高級用法,從簡單控制台應用到復雜的WebAPI和數據庫操作;4)熟悉常見錯誤與調試技巧,如配置和數據庫連接問題;5)應用性能優化與最佳實踐,如異步編程和緩存。

HTML5帶來了五個關鍵改進:1.語義化標籤提升了代碼清晰度和SEO效果;2.多媒體支持簡化了視頻和音頻嵌入;3.表單增強簡化了驗證;4.離線與本地存儲提高了用戶體驗;5.畫布與圖形功能增強了網頁的可視化效果。

MySQL函數可用於數據處理和計算。 1.基本用法包括字符串處理、日期計算和數學運算。 2.高級用法涉及結合多個函數實現複雜操作。 3.性能優化需避免在WHERE子句中使用函數,並使用GROUPBY和臨時表。
