簡介
Netstat 命令用於顯示各種網路相關信息,如網路連接,路由表,介面狀態 (Interface Statistics),masquerade 連接,多播成員 (Multicast Memberships) 等等。
輸出訊息意義
執行netstat後,其輸出結果為
Active Internet connections (w/o servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 2 210.34.6.89:telnet 210.34.6.96:2873 ESTABLISHED tcp 296 0 210.34.6.89:1165 210.34.6.84:netbios-ssn ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 localhost.localdom:9001 localhost.localdom:1162 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 localhost.localdom:1162 localhost.localdom:9001 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 80 210.34.6.89:1161 210.34.6.10:netbios-ssn CLOSE Active UNIX domain sockets (w/o servers) Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Path unix 1 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 16178 @000000dd unix 1 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 16176 @000000dc unix 9 [ ] DGRAM 5292 /dev/log unix 1 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 16182 @000000df
從整體上看,netstat的輸出結果可以分為兩個部分:
一個是Active Internet connections,稱為有源TCP連接,其中"Recv-Q"和"Send-Q"指%0A的是接收佇列和發送佇列。這些數字一般都應該是0。如果不是則表示軟體包正在隊列中堆積。這種情況只能在非常少的情況見到。
另一個是Active UNIX domain sockets,稱為有源Unix域套介面(和網路套接字一樣,但是只能用於本機通信,性能可以提高一倍)。
Proto顯示連接使用的協定,RefCnt表示連接到本套介面上的進程號,Types顯示套介面的類型,State顯示套介面目前的狀態,Path表示連接到套介面的其它進程所使用的路徑名稱。
常見參數
-a (all)顯示所有選項,預設不顯示LISTEN相關
-t (tcp)僅顯示tcp相關選項
-u (udp)僅顯示udp相關選項
-n 拒絕顯示別名,能顯示數字的全部轉換成數字。
-l 僅列出有在Listen (監聽) 的服務狀態
-p 顯示建立相關連結的程式名稱
-r 顯示路由訊息,路由表
-e 顯示擴充訊息,例如uid等
-s 按各個協定進行統計
-c 每隔一個固定時間,執行該netstat指令。
提示:LISTEN和LISTENING的狀態只有用-a或-l才能看到
實用指令實例
1. 列出所有連接埠(包括監聽和未監聽的netstat -a
# netstat -a | more Active Internet connections (servers and established) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 localhost:30037 *:* LISTEN udp 0 0 *:bootpc *:* Active UNIX domain sockets (servers and established) Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Path unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 6135 /tmp/.X11-unix/X0 unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 5140 /var/run/acpid.socket
列出所有tcp 連接埠netstat -at
# netstat -at Active Internet connections (servers and established) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 localhost:30037 *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 localhost:ipp *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:smtp *:* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 localhost:ipp [::]:* LISTEN
列出所有udp 連接埠netstat -au
# netstat -au Active Internet connections (servers and established) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State udp 0 0 *:bootpc *:* udp 0 0 *:49119 *:* udp 0 0 *:mdns *:*
2. 列出所有處於監聽狀態的Socketsets
o只列出所有監聽tcp 連接埠netstat -lt
# netstat -l Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 localhost:ipp *:* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 localhost:ipp [::]:* LISTEN udp 0 0 *:49119 *:*
只列出所有監聽tcp 連接埠netstat -lt
# netstat -lt Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 localhost:30037 *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:smtp *:* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 localhost:ipp [::]:* LISTEN
只列出所有監聽udp 連接埠netstat -lu
# netstat -lu Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State udp 0 0 *:49119 *:* udp 0 0 *:mdns *:*
只列出所有監聽UNIX 連接埠netstat -lx
# netstat -lx Active UNIX domain sockets (only servers) Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Path unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 6294 private/maildrop unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 6203 public/cleanup unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 6302 private/ifmail unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 6306 private/bsmtp
3. 顯示每個協定的統計資料
顯示所有連接埠的統計資料netstat -s# netstat -s Ip: total packets received with invalid addresses forwarded incoming packets discarded incoming packets delivered requests sent out Icmp: ICMP messages received input ICMP message failed. Tcp: active connections openings failed connection attempts connection resets received Udp: packets received packets to unknown port received. .....
# netstat -st # netstat -su
# netstat -pt Active Internet connections (w/o servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 1 0 ramesh-laptop.loc:47212 192.168.185.75:www CLOSE_WAIT 2109/firefox tcp 0 0 ramesh-laptop.loc:52750 lax:www ESTABLISHED 2109/firefox
# netstat -an
# netsat -a --numeric-ports # netsat -a --numeric-hosts # netsat -a --numeric-users
6. 持续输出 netstat 信息
netstat 将每隔一秒输出网络信息。
# netstat -c Active Internet connections (w/o servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 ramesh-laptop.loc:36130 101-101-181-225.ama:www ESTABLISHED tcp 1 1 ramesh-laptop.loc:52564 101.11.169.230:www CLOSING tcp 0 0 ramesh-laptop.loc:43758 server-101-101-43-2:www ESTABLISHED tcp 1 1 ramesh-laptop.loc:42367 101.101.34.101:www CLOSING ^C
7. 显示系统不支持的地址族 (Address Families)
netstat --verbose
在输出的末尾,会有如下的信息
netstat: no support for `AF IPX' on this system. netstat: no support for `AF AX25' on this system. netstat: no support for `AF X25' on this system. netstat: no support for `AF NETROM' on this system.
8. 显示核心路由信息 netstat -r
# netstat -r Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface 192.168.1.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth2 link-local * 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth2 default 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth2
注意: 使用 netstat -rn 显示数字格式,不查询主机名称。
9. 找出程序运行的端口
并不是所有的进程都能找到,没有权限的会不显示,使用 root 权限查看所有的信息。
# netstat -ap | grep ssh tcp 1 0 dev-db:ssh 101.174.100.22:39213 CLOSE_WAIT - tcp 1 0 dev-db:ssh 101.174.100.22:57643 CLOSE_WAIT -
找出运行在指定端口的进程
# netstat -an | grep ':80'
10. 显示网络接口列表
# netstat -i Kernel Interface table Iface MTU Met RX-OK RX-ERR RX-DRP RX-OVR TX-OK TX-ERR TX-DRP TX-OVR Flg eth0 1500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 BMU eth2 1500 0 26196 0 0 0 26883 6 0 0 BMRU lo 16436 0 4 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 LRU
显示详细信息,像是 ifconfig 使用 netstat -ie:
# netstat -ie Kernel Interface table eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:10:40:11:11:11 UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) Memory:f6ae0000-f6b00000
11. IP和TCP分析
查看连接某服务端口最多的的IP地址
wss8848@ubuntu:~$ netstat -nat | grep "192.168.1.15:22" |awk '{print $5}'|awk -F: '{print $1}'|sort|uniq -c|sort -nr|head -20 221.136.168.36 154.74.45.242 78.173.31.236 62.183.207.98 192.168.1.14 182.48.111.215 124.193.219.34 119.145.41.2 114.255.41.30 75.102.11.99
TCP各种状态列表
wss8848@ubuntu:~$ netstat -nat |awk '{print $6}' established) Foreign LISTEN TIME_WAIT ESTABLISHED TIME_WAIT SYN_SENT
先把状态全都取出来,然后使用uniq -c统计,之后再进行排序。
wss8848@ubuntu:~$ netstat -nat |awk '{print $6}'|sort|uniq -c ESTABLISHED FIN_WAIT1 Foreign LAST_ACK LISTEN SYN_SENT TIME_WAIT established)
最后的命令如下:
netstat -nat |awk '{print $6}'|sort|uniq -c|sort -rn
分析access.log获得访问前10位的ip地址
awk '{print $1}' access.log |sort|uniq -c|sort -nr|head -10