cookie、session和過濾器通常都是用在web應用中,cookie和session用來保存一定的數據,過濾器Filter則是在瀏覽器發出請求之後,而後台執行特定的請求之前發生一定的作用。之所以把這三個放一起,是因為有很多時候都會是把他們結合在一起使用,例如有些登陸程序。
cookie是瀏覽器的機制,session是伺服器的機制,但是實際上cookie也是由伺服器產生的,之後傳回給瀏覽器的,並不是瀏覽器本身產生。當瀏覽器發送某個請求時,如果擁有有效的cookie則會把這個cookie帶在一起。
之所有會有cookie的使用,是因為http協議原本是無狀態協議,也就是說透過http協議本身,伺服器不能判斷瀏覽器是否之前訪問過。
Filter和servlet的寫法相似,編寫相關程式碼的時候需要實作Filter介面並重寫相關的方法,通常會改變較多的是doFilter方法。 Filter程式碼寫好以後如果需要發生效用,需要像設定servlet一樣在web.xml中 進行一定的設定。
以下是一個簡單的結合cookie、session、Servlet和Filter的登陸範例程式碼:
定義一個使用者實體類,充當資料庫數據,這裡使用單例模式,保證只存在一個實例物件:
package models; /** * 用户信息实体类 * * @author tuzongxun123 * */ public class UserModel { private String userName; private String password; // 单例模式,保证只有一个用户对象实例 public static UserModel getInstance() { UserModel user = new UserModel("zhangsan", "123456"); return user; } private UserModel(String userName, String pasword) { this.userName = userName; this.password = pasword; } public String getUserName() { return userName; } public String getPassword() { return password; } }
使用者登陸輸入資訊index.jsp介面,在form表單的action中使用jsp的特性取得專案路徑:
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8" pageEncoding="utf-8"%> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> <title>cookieAndFilterTest</title> </head> <body> <form action="<%=request.getContextPath() %>/loginServlet" method="post"> userName:<input type="text" name="userName" /></br> password:<input type="password" name="password" /></br> <input type="submit" value="login"/> </form> </body> </html>
對應的後台servlet:
package servletTest; import java.io.IOException; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.Cookie; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession; import models.UserModel; public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet { @Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { this.doPost(req, resp); } @Override protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { String userName = req.getParameter("userName"); String password = req.getParameter("password"); // 模拟数据库数据 UserModel user = UserModel.getInstance(); String dbUserName = user.getUserName(); String dbPassword = user.getPassword(); if (dbUserName.equals(userName) && dbPassword.equals(password)) { // 用户名和密码都匹配,证明登陆成功,设置session和cookie HttpSession session = req.getSession(); session.setAttribute("userName", userName); session.setAttribute("password", password); Cookie cookie = new Cookie("userName", userName); Cookie cookie2 = new Cookie("password", password); // 设置cookie的存储时长 cookie.setMaxAge(60); cookie2.setMaxAge(60); // 把cookie发送给浏览器 resp.addCookie(cookie); resp.addCookie(cookie2); // 转发请求到用户列表 req.getRequestDispatcher("/userList").forward(req, resp); } else { // 转发请求到登陆页面 req.getRequestDispatcher("index.jsp").forward(req, resp); } ; } }
上邊登陸後跳轉的請求:
package servletTest; import java.io.IOException; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import models.UserModel; public class UserListServlet extends HttpServlet { @Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { this.doPost(req, resp); } @Override protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { UserModel user = UserModel.getInstance(); //在浏览器中打印出用户列表书数据 resp.getWriter().write( "userName:" + user.getUserName() + "," + "password:" + user.getPassword()); } }
專案。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5"> <!-- 访问时的项目名称 --> <display-name>cookieAndFilterTest</display-name> <!-- servlet配置 --> <servlet> <servlet-name>login</servlet-name> <servlet-class>servletTest.LoginServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>login</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/loginServlet</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <servlet> <servlet-name>userList</servlet-name> <servlet-class>servletTest.UserListServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>userList</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/userList</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <!-- 过滤器设置,浏览其发送请求后首先会走这里 --> <filter> <filter-name>loginFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>filterTest.FilterTest</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>loginFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <!-- 输入项目名访问的默认页面 --> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> </web-app>
package filterTest; import java.io.IOException; import javax.servlet.Filter; import javax.servlet.FilterChain; import javax.servlet.FilterConfig; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.ServletRequest; import javax.servlet.ServletResponse; import javax.servlet.http.Cookie; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import models.UserModel; public class FilterTest implements Filter { @Override public void destroy() { } @Override public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException { // 登陆请求、初始请求直接放行 HttpServletRequest req = (HttpServletRequest) request; HttpServletResponse resp = (HttpServletResponse) response; String uri = req.getRequestURI(); if ("/cookieAndFilterTest/loginServlet".equals(uri) || "/cookieAndFilterTest/".equals(uri)) { // 放行 chain.doFilter(request, response); return; } // 不是登陆请求的话,判断是否有cookie Cookie[] cookies = req.getCookies(); if (cookies != null && cookies.length > 0) { String userName = null; String password = null; // 判断cookie中的用户名和密码是否和数据库中的一致,如果一致则放行,否则转发请求到登陆页面 for (Cookie cookie : cookies) { if ("userName".equals(cookie.getName())) { userName = cookie.getValue(); } if ("password".equals(cookie.getName())) { password = cookie.getValue(); } } UserModel user = UserModel.getInstance(); if (user.getUserName().equals(userName) && user.getPassword().equals(password)) { chain.doFilter(request, response); return; } else { // 重定向到登陆界面 req.getRequestDispatcher("/index.jsp").forward(req, resp); return; } } else { req.getRequestDispatcher("/index.jsp").forward(req, resp); return; } } @Override public void init(FilterConfig arg0) throws ServletException { } }