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Python中如何取得類別屬性的列表

高洛峰

Feb 11, 2017 pm 01:27 PM

這篇文章主要給大家介紹了在Python中如何獲取類屬性的列表,文中通過示例代碼介紹的很詳細，相信對大家的學習或工作具有一定的參考借鑒價值，有需要的朋友可以參考借鑒，下面來一起看看吧。

前言

最近工作中遇到個需求是要得到一個類別的靜態屬性，也就是說有個類別 Type ，我要動態取得 Type.FTE 這個屬性的值。

最簡單的方案有兩個：

getattr(Type, &#39;FTE&#39;)
Type.__dict__[&#39;FTE&#39;]

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那麼，如果要獲取類屬性的列表，該怎麼做呢？

首先上場的是dir ，它能傳回目前範圍的所有屬性名稱清單：

>>> dir()
[&#39;__builtins__&#39;, &#39;__doc__&#39;, &#39;__name__&#39;, &#39;__package__&#39;]
>>> dir(list)
[&#39;__add__&#39;, &#39;__class__&#39;, &#39;__contains__&#39;, &#39;__delattr__&#39;, &#39;__delitem__&#39;, &#39;__delslice__&#39;, &#39;__doc__&#39;, &#39;__eq__&#39;, &#39;__format__&#39;, &#39;__ge__&#39;, &#39;__getattribute__&#39;, &#39;__getitem__&#39;, &#39;__getslice__&#39;, &#39;__gt__&#39;, &#39;__hash__&#39;, &#39;__iadd__&#39;, &#39;__imul__&#39;, &#39;__init__&#39;, &#39;__iter__&#39;, &#39;__le__&#39;, &#39;__len__&#39;, &#39;__lt__&#39;, &#39;__mul__&#39;, &#39;__ne__&#39;, &#39;__new__&#39;, &#39;__reduce__&#39;, &#39;__reduce_ex__&#39;, &#39;__repr__&#39;, &#39;__reversed__&#39;, &#39;__rmul__&#39;, &#39;__setattr__&#39;, &#39;__setitem__&#39;, &#39;__setslice__&#39;, &#39;__sizeof__&#39;, &#39;__str__&#39;, &#39;__subclasshook__&#39;, &#39;append&#39;, &#39;count&#39;, &#39;extend&#39;, &#39;index&#39;, &#39;insert&#39;, &#39;pop&#39;, &#39;remove&#39;, &#39;reverse&#39;, &#39;sort&#39;]

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可以配合使用inspect 套件中的功能來過濾：spec

包含：

>>> [i for i in dir(list) if inspect.isbuiltin(getattr(list, i))]
[&#39;__new__&#39;, &#39;__subclasshook__&#39;]

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還可以配合callable 來使用：

>>> [i for i in dir(inspect) if inspect.isfunction(getattr(inspect, i))]
[&#39;_searchbases&#39;, &#39;classify_class_attrs&#39;, &#39;cleandoc&#39;, &#39;findsource&#39;, &#39;formatargspec&#39;, &#39;formatargvalues&#39;, &#39;getabsfile&#39;, &#39;getargs&#39;, &#39;getargspec&#39;, &#39;getargvalues&#39;, &#39;getblock&#39;, &#39;getcallargs&#39;, &#39;getclasstree&#39;, &#39;getcomments&#39;, &#39;getdoc&#39;, &#39;getfile&#39;, &#39;getframeinfo&#39;, &#39;getinnerframes&#39;, &#39;getlineno&#39;, &#39;getmembers&#39;, &#39;getmodule&#39;, &#39;getmoduleinfo&#39;, &#39;getmodulename&#39;, &#39;getmro&#39;, &#39;getouterframes&#39;, &#39;getsource&#39;, &#39;getsourcefile&#39;, &#39;getsourcelines&#39;, &#39;indentsize&#39;, &#39;isabstract&#39;, &#39;isbuiltin&#39;, &#39;isclass&#39;, &#39;iscode&#39;, &#39;isdatadescriptor&#39;, &#39;isframe&#39;, &#39;isfunction&#39;, &#39;isgenerator&#39;, &#39;isgeneratorfunction&#39;, &#39;isgetsetdescriptor&#39;, &#39;ismemberdescriptor&#39;, &#39;ismethod&#39;, &#39;ismethoddescriptor&#39;, &#39;ismodule&#39;, &#39;isroutine&#39;, &#39;istraceback&#39;, &#39;joinseq&#39;, &#39;namedtuple&#39;, &#39;stack&#39;, &#39;strseq&#39;, &#39;trace&#39;, &#39;walktree&#39;]

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上面提到了__dict__ ，也可以用它來獲取屬性列表：取得類屬性的列表相關文章請關注PHP中文網！

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