列表
列表是最常用的資料類型之一，透過列表可以對資料實現最方便的儲存、修改等操作
1.定義列表
fruits = ['apple','banana','orange']
2.透過下標存取列表中的元素，下標從0開始計數
>>> fruits[0] 'apple' >>> fruits[2] 'orange' >>> fruits[-1] 'orange' >>> fruits[-2] 'banana'
3.切片
>>> fruits = ['apple','banana','orange','peal','grape'] >>> fruits[1:4] #取下标1到下标4之间的数，包括1但不包括4 ['banana', 'orange', 'peal'] >>> fruits[1:-1] #取下标1至-1之间的数，不包括-1 ['banana', 'orange', 'peal'] >>> fruits[0:3] #从头开始取，不包括3 ['apple', 'banana', 'orange'] >>> fruits[:3] #和上句一样 ['apple', 'banana', 'orange'] >>> fruits[3:] #从下标3到最后，到末尾只能这样取 ['peal', 'grape'] >>> fruits[0::2] #从头开始，步长为2，即隔一个取一个 ['apple', 'orange', 'grape'] >>> fruits[::2] #和上句一iy ['apple', 'orange', 'grape']
4.追加，append()
>>> fruits
['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'peal', 'grape']
>>> fruits.append('newpeach')
>>> fruits
['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'peal', 'grape', 'newpeach']5.插入元素，insert()
在下標1處插入一個西瓜(watermelon)
['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'peal', 'grape', 'newpeach'] >>> fruits.insert(1,'watermelon') >>> fruits ['apple', 'watermelon', 'banana', 'orange', 'peal', 'grape', 'newpeach']
6.中的元素
將banana修改為櫻桃cherry
>>> fruits ['apple', 'watermelon', 'banana', 'orange', 'peal', 'grape', 'newpeach'] >>> fruits[2]='cherry' >>> fruits ['apple', 'watermelon', 'cherry', 'orange', 'peal', 'grape', 'newpeach']
7.刪除
pop()在預設刪除最後一個元素後，會傳回該元素
>>> fruits
['apple', 'watermelon', 'cherry', 'orange', 'peal', 'grape', 'newpeach']
>>> del fruits[2] #删除第二个元素
>>> fruits
['apple', 'watermelon', 'orange', 'peal', 'grape', 'newpeach']
>>> fruits.remove('orange') #删除指定的元素
>>> fruits
['apple', 'watermelon', 'peal', 'grape', 'newpeach']
>>> fruits.pop() #删除最后一个元素
'newpeach'
>>> fruits
['apple', 'watermelon', 'peal', 'grape']8.擴充extend()
>>> fruits ['apple', 'watermelon', 'peal', 'grape'] >>> vegetable = ['radish','cabbage','cucumber'] >>> fruits ['apple', 'watermelon', 'peal', 'grape'] >>> vegetable ['radish', 'cabbage', 'cucumber'] >>> fruits.extend(vegetable) >>> fruits ['apple', 'watermelon', 'peal', 'grape', 'radish', 'cabbage', 'cucumber']
9.拷貝()
['apple', 'watermelon', 'peal', 'grape', 'radish', 'cabbage', 'cucumber'] >>> fruits2 = fruits.copy() >>> fruits2 ['apple', 'watermelon', 'peal', 'grape', 'radish', 'cabbage', 'cucumber']
10.統計count()
>>> fruits.count('apple')
111.排序sort() 和翻轉reverse()
>>> fruits ['apple', 'watermelon', 'peal', 'grape', 'radish', 'cabbage', 'cucumber'] >>> fruits.sort() >>> fruits ['apple', 'cabbage', 'cucumber', 'grape', 'peal', 'radish', 'watermelon'] >>> fruits.reverse() >>> fruits ['watermelon', 'radish', 'peal', 'grape', 'cucumber', 'cabbage', 'apple']
12.取得下標index()
['watermelon', 'radish', 'peal', 'grape', 'cucumber', 'cabbage', 'apple']
>>> fruits.index('apple')
6
# 只返回找到的第一个下标rrreee
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