下面小編就為大家帶來一篇MySQL幾點重要的效能指標計算與最佳化方法摘要。小編覺得蠻不錯的,現在就分享給大家,也給大家做個參考。一起跟著小編過來看看吧
1 QPS計算(每秒查詢數)
針對MyISAM引擎為主的DB
MySQL> show GLOBAL status like 'questions'; +---------------+------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+------------+ | Questions | 2009191409 | +---------------+------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show global status like 'uptime'; +---------------+--------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+--------+ | Uptime | 388402 | +---------------+--------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
QPS=questions/uptime=5172,mysql自啟動以來的平均QPS,如果要計算某一時間段內的QPS,可在高峰期間獲取間隔時間t2-t1,然後分別計算出t2和t1時刻的q值,QPS=(q2-q1)/(t2-t1)
針對InnnoDB引擎為主的DB
mysql> show global status like 'com_update'; +---------------+----------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+----------+ | Com_update | 87094306 | +---------------+----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show global status like 'com_select'; +---------------+------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+------------+ | Com_select | 1108143397 | +---------------+------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show global status like 'com_delete'; +---------------+--------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+--------+ | Com_delete | 379058 | +---------------+--------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show global status like 'uptime'; +---------------+--------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+--------+ | Uptime | 388816 | +---------------+--------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
QPS=(com_update+com_insert+com_delete+com_select)/ uptime=3076,某一時間段內的QPS查詢方法同上。
2 TPS計算(每秒事務數)
mysql> show global status like 'com_commit'; +---------------+---------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+---------+ | Com_commit | 7424815 | +---------------+---------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show global status like 'com_rollback'; +---------------+---------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+---------+ | Com_rollback | 1073179 | +---------------+---------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show global status like 'uptime'; +---------------+--------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+--------+ | Uptime | 389467 | +---------------+--------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) TPS=(com_commit+com_rollback)/uptime=22
3 執行緒連線數與命中率
mysql> show global status like 'threads_%'; +-------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +-------------------+-------+ | Threads_cached | 480 | //代表当前此时此刻线程缓存中有多少空闲线程 | Threads_connected | 153 | //代表当前已建立连接的数量,因为一个连接就需要一个线程,所以也可以看成当前被使用的线程数 | Threads_created | 20344 | //代表从最近一次服务启动,已创建线程的数量 | Threads_running | 2 | //代表当前激活的(非睡眠状态)线程数 +-------------------+-------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show global status like 'Connections'; +---------------+-----------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-----------+ | Connections | 381487397 | +---------------+-----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) 线程缓存命中率=1-Threads_created/Connections = 99.994% 我们设置的线程缓存个数 mysql> show variables like '%thread_cache_size%'; +-------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +-------------------+-------+ | thread_cache_size | 500 | +-------------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
根據Threads_connected可預估thread_cache_size值應該設定多大,一般來說250是一個不錯的上限值,如果記憶體夠大,也可以設定成thread_cache_size值和threaads_connected值相同;
或透過觀察threads_created值,如果該值很大或一直在增長,可以適當增加thread_cache_size的值;在休眠狀態下每個執行緒大概佔用256KB左右的內存,所以當記憶體足夠時,設定太小也不會節約太多內存,除非該值已經超過幾千。
4 表格快取
mysql> show global status like 'open_tables%'; +---------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------+ | Open_tables | 2228 | +---------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
我們設定的開啟表的快取和表定義快取
mysql> show variables like 'table_open_cache'; +------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +------------------+-------+ | table_open_cache | 16384 | +------------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show variables like 'table_defi%'; +------------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +------------------------+-------+ | table_definition_cache | 2000 | +------------------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
針對MyISAM:
mysql每打開一個表,都會讀入一些資料到table_open_cache 快取中,當mysql在這個快取中找不到對應的資訊時,才會去磁碟上直接讀取,所以該值要設定得夠大以避免需要重新開啟和重新解析表的定義,一般設定為max_connections的10倍,但最好保持在10000以內。
還有種依據就是根據狀態open_tables的值進行設置,如果發現open_tables的值每秒變化很大,那麼可能需要增加table_open_cache的值。
table_definition_cache 通常簡單設定為伺服器中存在的表的數量,除非有萬張表。
針對InnoDB:
與MyISAM不同,InnoDB的open table和open file並無直接聯繫,即開啟frm表時其相應的ibd檔案可能處於關閉狀態;
故InnoDB只會用到table_definiton_cache,不會使用table_open_cache;
其frm檔案保存於table_definition_cache中,而idb則由innodb_open_files決定(前提是開啟了innodb_file_per_table),最好將innodb_open_files設定得足夠大,使得伺服器可以保持所有的.ibd檔案同時開啟。
5 最大連線數
mysql> show global status like 'Max_used_connections'; +----------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +----------------------+-------+ | Max_used_connections | 1785 | +----------------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
我們設定的max_connections大小
mysql> show variables like 'max_connections%'; +-----------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +-----------------+-------+ | max_connections | 4000 | +-----------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
通常max_connections的大小應該設定為比Max_used_connections狀態值大,Max_used_connections狀態值反映伺服器連線在某個時間段是否有尖峰,如果值大於max_connections值,代表客戶端至少被拒絕了一次,可以簡單設定為符合下列條件:Max_used_connections/max_connections=0.8
6 Innodb 快取命中率
mysql> show global status like 'innodb_buffer_pool_read%'; +---------------------------------------+--------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------------------------------+--------------+ | Innodb_buffer_pool_read_ahead_rnd | 0 | | Innodb_buffer_pool_read_ahead | 268720 | //预读的页数 | Innodb_buffer_pool_read_ahead_evicted | 0 | | Innodb_buffer_pool_read_requests | 480291074970 | //从缓冲池中读取的次数 | Innodb_buffer_pool_reads | 29912739 | //表示从物理磁盘读取的页数 +---------------------------------------+--------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
緩衝池命中率= (Innodb_buffer_pool_read_requests)/(Innodb_buffer_pool_read_requests + Innodb_buffer_pool_read_ahead +odb_read_
#如果該值小於99.9%,建議就應該增大innodb_buffer_pool_size的值了,該值一般設置為內存總大小的75%-85%,或者計算出操作系統所需緩存+mysql每個連接所需的記憶體(例如排序緩衝和臨時表)+MyISAM鍵緩存,剩下的記憶體都給innodb_buffer_pool_size,不過也不宜設定太大,會造成記憶體的頻繁交換,預熱和關閉時間長等問題。7 MyISAM Key Buffer命中率和緩衝區使用率
mysql> show global status like 'key_%'; +------------------------+-----------+ | Variable_name | Value | +------------------------+-----------+ | Key_blocks_not_flushed | 0 | | Key_blocks_unused | 106662 | | Key_blocks_used | 107171 | | Key_read_requests | 883825678 | | Key_reads | 133294 | | Key_write_requests | 217310758 | | Key_writes | 2061054 | +------------------------+-----------+ 7 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show variables like '%key_cache_block_size%'; +----------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +----------------------+-------+ | key_cache_block_size | 1024 | +----------------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show variables like '%key_buffer_size%'; +-----------------+-----------+ | Variable_name | Value | +-----------------+-----------+ | key_buffer_size | 134217728 | +-----------------+-----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
8 临时表使用情况
mysql> show global status like 'Created_tmp%'; +-------------------------+----------+ | Variable_name | Value | +-------------------------+----------+ | Created_tmp_disk_tables | 19226325 | | Created_tmp_files | 117 | | Created_tmp_tables | 56265812 | +-------------------------+----------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show variables like '%tmp_table_size%'; +----------------+----------+ | Variable_name | Value | +----------------+----------+ | tmp_table_size | 67108864 | +----------------+----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
可看到总共创建了56265812 张临时表,其中有19226325 张涉及到了磁盘IO,大概比例占到了0.34,证明数据库应用中排序,join语句涉及的数据量太大,需要优化SQL或者增大tmp_table_size的值,我设的是64M。该比值应该控制在0.2以内。
9 binlog cache使用情况
mysql> show status like 'Binlog_cache%'; +-----------------------+----------+ | Variable_name | Value | +-----------------------+----------+ | Binlog_cache_disk_use | 15 | | Binlog_cache_use | 95978256 | +-----------------------+----------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show variables like 'binlog_cache_size'; +-------------------+---------+ | Variable_name | Value | +-------------------+---------+ | binlog_cache_size | 1048576 | +-------------------+---------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
Binlog_cache_disk_use表示因为我们binlog_cache_size设计的内存不足导致缓存二进制日志用到了临时文件的次数
Binlog_cache_use 表示 用binlog_cache_size缓存的次数
当对应的Binlog_cache_disk_use 值比较大的时候 我们可以考虑适当的调高 binlog_cache_size 对应的值
10 Innodb log buffer size的大小设置
mysql> show variables like '%innodb_log_buffer_size%'; +------------------------+---------+ | Variable_name | Value | +------------------------+---------+ | innodb_log_buffer_size | 8388608 | +------------------------+---------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show status like 'innodb_log_waits'; +------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +------------------+-------+ | Innodb_log_waits | 0 | +------------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
innodb_log_buffer_size我设置了8M,应该足够大了;Innodb_log_waits表示因log buffer不足导致等待的次数,如果该值不为0,可以适当增大innodb_log_buffer_size的值。
11 表扫描情况判断
mysql> show global status like 'Handler_read%'; +-----------------------+--------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +-----------------------+--------------+ | Handler_read_first | 19180695 | | Handler_read_key | 30303690598 | | Handler_read_last | 290721 | | Handler_read_next | 51169834260 | | Handler_read_prev | 1267528402 | | Handler_read_rnd | 219230406 | | Handler_read_rnd_next | 344713226172 | +-----------------------+--------------+ 7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
Handler_read_first:使用索引扫描的次数,该值大小说不清系统性能是好是坏
Handler_read_key:通过key进行查询的次数,该值越大证明系统性能越好
Handler_read_next:使用索引进行排序的次数
Handler_read_prev:此选项表明在进行索引扫描时,按照索引倒序从数据文件里取数据的次数,一般就是ORDER BY ... DESC
Handler_read_rnd:该值越大证明系统中有大量的没有使用索引进行排序的操作,或者join时没有使用到index
Handler_read_rnd_next:使用数据文件进行扫描的次数,该值越大证明有大量的全表扫描,或者合理地创建索引,没有很好地利用已经建立好的索引
12 Innodb_buffer_pool_wait_free
mysql> show global status like 'Innodb_buffer_pool_wait_free'; +------------------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +------------------------------+-------+ | Innodb_buffer_pool_wait_free | 0 | +------------------------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
该值不为0表示buffer pool没有空闲的空间了,可能原因是innodb_buffer_pool_size设置太大,可以适当减少该值。
13 join操作信息
mysql> show global status like 'select_full_join'; +------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +------------------+-------+ | Select_full_join | 10403 | +------------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
该值表示在join操作中没有使用到索引的次数,值很大说明join语句写得很有问题
mysql> show global status like 'select_range'; +---------------+----------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+----------+ | Select_range | 22450380 | +---------------+----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
该值表示第一个表使用ranges的join数量,该值很大说明join写得没有问题,通常可查看select_full_join和select_range的比值来判断系统中join语句的性能情况
mysql> show global status like 'Select_range_check'; +--------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------+-------+ | Select_range_check | 0 | +--------------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
如果该值不为0需要检查表的索引是否合理,表示在表n+1中重新评估表n中的每一行的索引是否开销最小所做的联接数,意味着表n+1对该联接而言并没有有用的索引。
mysql> show GLOBAL status like 'select_scan'; +---------------+-----------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-----------+ | Select_scan | 116037811 | +---------------+-----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
select_scan表示扫描第一张表的连接数目,如果第一张表中每行都参与联接,这样的结果并没有问题;如果你并不想要返回所有行但又没有使用到索引来查找到所需要的行,那么计数很大就很糟糕了。
14 慢查询
mysql> show global status like 'Slow_queries'; +---------------+--------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+--------+ | Slow_queries | 114111 | +---------------+--------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
该值表示mysql启动以来的慢查询个数,即执行时间超过long_query_time的次数,可根据Slow_queries/uptime的比值判断单位时间内的慢查询个数,进而判断系统的性能。
15表锁信息
mysql> show global status like 'table_lock%'; +-----------------------+------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +-----------------------+------------+ | Table_locks_immediate | 1644917567 | | Table_locks_waited | 53 | +-----------------------+------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
这两个值的比值:Table_locks_waited /Table_locks_immediate 趋向于0,如果值比较大则表示系统的锁阻塞情况比较严重
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