python中什麼是繼承:
新類別不必從頭編寫
新類別從現有的類別繼承，就自動擁有了現有類別的所有功能
新類別只需要編寫現有類別缺少的新功能
繼承的好處：
#複用已有程式碼
自動擁有了現有類別的所有功能
只需要寫缺少的新功能
繼承的特點：
子類別和父類別是is關係
python繼承的特點：
總是從某個類別繼承
不要忘記呼叫super().init
class Person(object):
def init(self, name, gender):
self.name = name
self.gender = gender
class Teacher(Person):
def init(self, name, gender, course):
super(Teacher, self).init(name, gender)
self.course = course
t = Teacher('Alice', 'Female', 'English')
print t.name
print t.course函數isinstance()可以判斷一個變數的類型，既可以用在Python內建的資料型別如str、list、dict，也可以用在我們自訂的類，它們本質上都是資料類型。
class Person(object):
def init(self, name, gender):
self.name = name
self.gender = gender
class Student(Person):
def init(self, name, gender, score):
super(Student, self).init(name, gender)
self.score = score
class Teacher(Person):
def init(self, name, gender, course):
super(Teacher, self).init(name, gender)
self.course = course
t = Teacher('Alice', 'Female', 'English')
print isinstance(t, Person)
print isinstance(t, Student)
print isinstance(t, Teacher)
print isinstance(t, object)class Person(object):
def init(self, name, gender):
self.name = name
self.gender = gender
def whoAmI(self):
return 'I am a Person, my name is %s' % self.name
class Student(Person):
def init(self, name, gender, score):
super(Student, self).init(name, gender)
self.score = score
def whoAmI(self):
return 'I am a Student, my name is %s' % self.name
class Teacher(Person):
def init(self, name, gender, course):
super(Teacher, self).init(name, gender)
self.course = course
def whoAmI(self):
return 'I am a Teacher, my name is %s' % self.name
import json
class Students(object):
def read(self):
return r'["Tim", "Bob", "Alice"]'
s = Students()
print json.load(s)除了從一個父類別繼承外，Python允許從多個父類別繼承，稱為多重繼承。 Java不能多繼承
class A(object):
def init(self, a):
print 'init A...'
self.a = a
class B(A):
def init(self, a):
super(B, self).init(a)
print 'init B...'
class C(A):
def init(self, a):
super(C, self).init(a)
print 'init C...'
class D(B, C):
def init(self, a):
super(D, self).init(a)
print 'init D...'
class Person(object):
pass
class Student(Person):
pass
class Teacher(Person):
pass
class SkillMixin(object):
pass
class BasketballMixin(SkillMixin):
def skill(self):
return 'basketball'
class FootballMixin(SkillMixin):
def skill(self):
return 'football'
class BStudent(BasketballMixin):
pass
class FTeacher(FootballMixin):
pass
s = BStudent()
print s.skill()
t = FTeacher()
print t.skill()除了用isinstance() 判斷它是否是某種類型的實例外，還有沒有別的方法取得到更多的資訊呢？
首先可以用type() 函數取得變數的類型，它傳回一個Type 物件
#dir() 函數取得變數的所有屬性
dir()傳回的屬性是字串列表，如果已知一個屬性名稱，要取得或設定物件的屬性，就需要用getattr() 和setattr( )函數了
class Person(object):
def init(self, name, gender):
self.name = name
self.gender = gender
class Student(Person):
def init(self, name, gender, score):
super(Student, self).init(name, gender)
self.score = score
def whoAmI(self):
return 'I am a Student, my name is %s' % self.name
print type(123) # <type 'int'>
s = Student('Bob', 'Male', 88)
print s # <class 'main.Student'>
print dir(123) # ['abs', 'add', 'and', 'class', 'cmp', 'coerce', 'delattr', 'p', 'pmod', 'doc', 'float', 'floorp', 'format', 'getattribute', 'getnewargs', 'hash', 'hex', 'index', 'init', 'int', 'invert', 'long', 'lshift', 'mod', 'mul', 'neg', 'new', 'nonzero', 'oct', 'or', 'pos', 'pow', 'radd', 'rand', 'rp', 'rpmod', 'reduce', 'reduce_ex', 'repr', 'rfloorp', 'rlshift', 'rmod', 'rmul', 'ror', 'rpow', 'rrshift', 'rshift', 'rsub', 'rtruep', 'rxor', 'setattr', 'sizeof', 'str', 'sub', 'subclasshook', 'truep', 'trunc', 'xor', 'bit_length', 'conjugate', 'denominator', 'imag', 'numerator', 'real']
print dir(s) # ['class', 'delattr', 'dict', 'doc', 'format', 'getattribute', 'hash', 'init', 'module', 'new', 'reduce', 'reduce_ex', 'repr', 'setattr', 'sizeof', 'str', 'subclasshook', 'weakref', 'gender', 'name', 'score', 'whoAmI']
print getattr(s, 'name') # Bob
setattr(s, 'name', 'Adam')
print s.name # Adam
class Person(object):
def init(self, name, gender, **kw):
self.name = name
self.gender = gender
for k, v in kw.iteritems():
setattr(self, k, v)
p = Person('Bob', 'Male', age=18, course='Python')
print p.age # 18
print p.course #Python以上是詳解詳細介紹l了Python類別的繼承的詳細內容。更多資訊請關注PHP中文網其他相關文章！
