詳細介紹HTML中head頭部標籤的應用-html教學-PHP中文網

HTML head 頭部分的標籤、元素有很多，涉及到瀏覽器對網頁的渲染，SEO 等等，而各個瀏覽器核心以及各個國內瀏覽器廠商都有些自己的標籤元素,這就造成了很多差異性。在行動網路時代，head 頭部結構，行動裝置的 meta 元素，顯得更為重要。了解每個標籤的意義，寫出滿足自己需求的 head 頭標籤，是本文的目的。本篇以一絲的文章為基礎，進行擴展總結介紹常用的 head 中各個標籤、元素的意義以及使用場景。

DOCTYPE

DOCTYPE(Document Type)，該聲明位於文件中最前面的位置，處於html標籤之前，此標籤告知瀏覽器文件使用哪種HTML或XHTML 規範。
DTD(Document Type Definition) 宣告以開始，不區分大小寫，前面沒有任何內容，如果有其他內容(空格除外)會使瀏覽器在IE 下開啟怪異模式(quirks mode)渲染網頁。公共 DTD，名稱格式為註冊//組織//類型標籤//語言,註冊指組織是否由國際標準化組織(ISO)註冊，+表示是，-表示不是。組織即組織名稱，如：W3C。類型一般是 DTD。標籤是指定公開文字描述，即所引用的公開文字的唯一描述性名稱，後面可附帶版本號。最後語言是 DTD 語言的 ISO 639 語言標識符，如：EN 表示英文，ZH 表示中文。 XHTML 1.0 可宣告三種 DTD 類型。分別表示嚴格版本，過渡版本，以及基於框架的 HTML 文件。

HTML 4.01 strict

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">

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HTML 4.01 Transitional

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

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HTML 4.01 Frame# set

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Frameset//EN" "www.w3.org/TR/html4/frameset.dtd">

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最新HTML5 推出更簡潔的書寫，它向前向後相容，推薦使用。
```
<!doctype html>
```
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在 HTML中 doctype有兩個主要目的。
對文件進行有效性驗證。
它告訴使用者代理程式和校驗器這個文件是按照什麼 DTD 寫的。這個動作是被動的，每次頁面載入時，瀏覽器並不會下載 DTD 並檢查合法性，只有當手動校驗頁面時才啟用。
決定瀏覽器的呈現模式
對於實際操作，通知瀏覽器讀取文件時用哪種解析演算法。如果沒有寫，則瀏覽器則會根據自身的規則對程式碼進行解析，可能會嚴重影響 html 排版佈局。瀏覽器有三種方式解析 HTML 文件。 非怪異（標準）模式 怪異模式* 部分怪異（近乎標準）模式關於IE瀏覽器的文檔模式，瀏覽器模式，嚴格模式，怪異模式，DOCTYPE 標籤，可詳細閱讀模式？標準！的內容。

charset

聲明文件使用的字元編碼
```
<meta charset="utf-8">
```
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html5 之前網頁中會這樣寫：
```
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
```
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這兩個是等效的，具體可移步閱讀： vs ，所以建議使用較短的，易於記憶。

lang 屬性

#簡體中文
```
<html lang="zh-cmn-Hans">
```
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繁體中文
```
<html lang="zh-cmn-Hant">
```
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為什麼lang="zh-cmn-Hans"而不是我們通常寫的lang="zh-CN"呢，請移步閱讀: 頁頭部的聲明應該是用lang=”zh” 還是lang=”zh-cn”。

優先使用IE 最新版本和Chrome

<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1" />

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360 使用Google Chrome Frame

<meta name="renderer" content="webkit">

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360 瀏覽器就會在讀取到這個標籤後，立即切換對應的極速核。另外為了保險起見再加入
```
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge,chrome=1">
```
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這樣寫可以達到的效果是如果安裝了Google Chrome Frame，則使用GCF 來渲染頁面，如果沒有安裝GCF，則使用最高版本的IE 核心進行渲染。相關連結：瀏覽器核心控制Meta 標籤說明文件

百度禁止轉碼

透過百度手機開啟網頁時，百度可能會對你的網頁進行轉碼，脫下你的衣服，往你的身上貼狗皮膏藥的廣告，為此可在head 內添加

<meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-siteapp" />

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相關鏈接：SiteApp 轉碼聲明

SEO 優化部分

頁面標題標籤(head 頭部必須)</p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><title>your title</title></pre><div class="contentsignin">登入後複製</div></div></li><li><p>頁面關鍵字<a href="http://www.php.cn/wiki/1051.html" target="_blank">key</a># w<a href="http://www.php.cn/wiki/1360.html" target="_blank">ord</a>s</p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><meta name="keywords" content="your keywords"></pre><div class="contentsignin">登入後複製</div></div></li><li><p>頁面描述內容description</p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><meta name="description" content="your description"></pre><div class="contentsignin">登入後複製</div></div></li><li><p>定义网页作者 author</p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><meta name="author" content="author,email address"></pre><div class="contentsignin">登入後複製</div></div></li><li><p>定义网页搜索引擎索引方式，robotterms 是一组使用英文逗号「,」分割的值，通常有如下几种取值：none，noindex，nofollow，all，index和follow。</p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><meta name="robots" content="index,follow"></pre><div class="contentsignin">登入後複製</div></div><p>相关链接：WEB1038 - 标记包含无效的值</p></li></ul><h2 id="viewport">viewport</h2><hr/><ul class=" list-paddingleft-2"><li><p>viewport可以让布局在移动浏览器上显示的更好。通常会写</p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"></pre><div class="contentsignin">登入後複製</div></div></li><li><p>width=device-width会导致 iPhone 5 添加到主屏后以 WebApp 全屏模式打开页面时出现黑边(http://bigc.at/ios-webapp-viewport-meta.orz)<br/>content 参数：<br/>(1) width viewport 宽度(数值/device-width)<br/>(2)<a href="http://www.php.cn/wiki/836.html" target="_blank">height</a> viewport 高度(数值/device-height)<br/>(3)initial-scale 初始缩放比例<br/>(4)maximum-scale 最大缩放比例<br/>(5)minimum-scale 最小缩放比例<br/>(6)user-scalable 是否允许用户缩放(yes/no)<br/>(7)minimal-ui iOS 7.1 beta 2 中新增属性，可以在页面加载时最小化上下状态栏。这是一个布尔值，可以直接这样写：</p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimal-ui"></pre><div class="contentsignin">登入後複製</div></div></li><li><p>而如果你的网站不是响应式的，请不要使用 initial-scale 或者禁用缩放。</p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><p style="margin-top: 7px;"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,user-scalable=yes"><br/></p></pre><div class="contentsignin">登入後複製</div></div><p>相关链接：非响应式设计的viewport<br/>适配 iPhone 6 和 iPhone 6plus 则需要写：</p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><meta name="viewport" content="width=375"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=414"></pre><div class="contentsignin">登入後複製</div></div><p>大部分 4.7~5 寸的安卓设备的 viewport 宽设为 360px，iPhone 6 上却是 375px，大部分 5.5 寸安卓机器（比如说三星 Note）的 viewport 宽为 400，iPhone 6 plus 上是 414px。</p></li></ul><h2 id="ios-设备">ios 设备</h2><hr/><ul class=" list-paddingleft-2"><li><p>添加到主屏后的标题（iOS 6 新增）</p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="标题"> </pre><div class="contentsignin">登入後複製</div></div></li><li><p>是否启用 WebApp 全屏模式</p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes" /> </pre><div class="contentsignin">登入後複製</div></div></li><li><p>设置状态栏的背景颜色</p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black-translucent" /> </pre><div class="contentsignin">登入後複製</div></div><p>只有在 “apple-mobile-web-app-capable” content=”yes” 时生效</p></li><li><p>content 参数：<br/>(1) default 默认值。<br/>(2) black 状态栏背景是黑色。<br/>(3) black-translucent 状态栏背景是黑色半透明。如果设置为 default 或 black ,网页内容从状态栏底部开始。如果设置为 black-translucent ,网页内容充满整个屏幕，顶部会被状态栏遮挡。</p></li><li><p>禁止数字识自动别为电话号码</p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no" /> </pre><div class="contentsignin">登入後複製</div></div><h2 id="iOS-图标">iOS 图标</h2></li><li><p>rel 参数： apple-touch-icon <a href="http://www.php.cn/css/css-rwd-images.html" target="_blank">图片</a>自动处理成圆角和高光等效果。 apple-touch-icon-precomposed 禁止系统自动添加效果，直接显示设计原图。 iPhone 和 iTouch，默认 57x57 像素，必须有</p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="/apple-touch-icon-57x57-precomposed.png" /> </pre><div class="contentsignin">登入後複製</div></div></li><li><p>iPad，72x72 像素，可以没有，但推荐有</p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="72x72" href="/apple-touch-icon-72x72-precomposed.png" /> </pre><div class="contentsignin">登入後複製</div></div></li><li><p>Retina iPhone 和 Retina iTouch，114x114 像素，可以没有，但推荐有</p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="114x114" href="/apple-touch-icon-114x114-precomposed.png" /> </pre><div class="contentsignin">登入後複製</div></div></li><li><p>Retina iPad，144x144 像素，可以没有，但推荐有</p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="144x144" href="/apple-touch-icon-144x144-precomposed.png" /> </pre><div class="contentsignin">登入後複製</div></div></li><li><p>IOS 图标大小在iPhone 6 plus上是180×180，iPhone 6 是120x120。适配iPhone 6 plus，则需要在<head>中加上这段</p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="180x180" href="retinahd_icon.png"></pre><div class="contentsignin">登入後複製</div></div><p><strong><em>iPad 的启动画面是不包括状态栏区域的。</em></strong><br/></p></li></ul><h2 id="iPad">iPad</h2><hr/><ul class=" list-paddingleft-2"><li><p>iPad 竖屏 768 x 1004（标准分辨率）</p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" sizes="768x1004" href="/splash-screen-768x1004.png" /> </pre><div class="contentsignin">登入後複製</div></div></li><li><p>iPad 竖屏 1536x2008（Retina）</p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" sizes="1536x2008" href="/splash-screen-1536x2008.png" /> </pre><div class="contentsignin">登入後複製</div></div></li><li><p>iPad 横屏 1024x748（标准分辨率）</p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" sizes="1024x748" href="/Default-Portrait-1024x748.png" /> </pre><div class="contentsignin">登入後複製</div></div></li><li><p>iPad 横屏 2048x1496（Retina）</p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" sizes="2048x1496" href="/splash-screen-2048x1496.png" /> </pre><div class="contentsignin">登入後複製</div></div><p><strong><em>iPhone 和 iPod touch 的启动画面是包含状态栏区域的。</em></strong><br/>iPhone/iPod Touch 竖屏 320x480 (标准分辨率)</p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" href="/splash-screen-320x480.png" /> </pre><div class="contentsignin">登入後複製</div></div><p>iPhone/iPod Touch 竖屏 640x960 (Retina)</p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" sizes="640x960" href="/splash-screen-640x960.png" /> </pre><div class="contentsignin">登入後複製</div></div><p>iPhone 5/iPod Touch 5 竖屏 640x1136 (Retina)</p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" sizes="640x1136" href="/splash-screen-640x1136.png" /> </pre><div class="contentsignin">登入後複製</div></div><p>添加智能 App 广告条 Smart App Banner（iOS 6+ Safari）</p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><meta name="apple-itunes-app" content="app-id=myAppStoreID, affiliate-data=myAffiliateData, app-argument=myURL"> </pre><div class="contentsignin">登入後複製</div></div><p>iPhone 6对应的图片大小是750×1294，iPhone 6 Plus 对应的是1242×2148 。</p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" href="launch6.png" media="(device-width: 375px)"><link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" href="launch6plus.png" media="(device-width: 414px)"></pre><div class="contentsignin">登入後複製</div></div><h2 id="Windows">Windows 8</h2></li></ul><hr/><ul class=" list-paddingleft-2"><li><p>Windows 8 磁贴颜色</p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#000"/> </pre><div class="contentsignin">登入後複製</div></div></li><li><p>Windows 8 磁贴图标</p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="icon.png"/> </pre><div class="contentsignin">登入後複製</div></div><h2 id="rss订阅">rss订阅</h2><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="RSS" href="/rss.xml" /> </pre><div class="contentsignin">登入後複製</div></div><h2 id="favicon-icon">favicon icon</h2><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/ico" href="/favicon.ico" /> </pre><div class="contentsignin">登入後複製</div></div><p>比较详细的 favicon 介绍可参考github.com/audreyr/favicon-cheat-sheet</p></li></ul><h2 id="移动端的meta">移动端的meta</h2><hr/><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, user-scalable=no" /><meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes" /> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black" /> <meta name="format-detection"content="telephone=no, email=no" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, user-scalable=no" /><meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes" /> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black" /> <meta name="format-detection" content="telphone=no, email=no" /> <meta name="renderer" content="webkit"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true"> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="320"><meta name="screen-orientation" content="portrait"> <meta name="x5-orientation" content="portrait"> <meta name="full-screen" content="yes"> <meta name="x5-fullscreen" content="true"> <meta name="browsermode" content="application"> <meta name="x5-page-mode" content="app"> <meta name="msapplication-tap-highlight" content="no"></pre><div class="contentsignin">登入後複製</div></div><p>【相关推荐】</p> <p>1. <a href="http://www.php.cn/course/list/11.html" target="_self">免费html在线视频教程</a></p> <p>2. <a href="http://www.php.cn/course/27.html" target="_self">html开发手册</a></p> <p>3. <a href="http://www.php.cn/course/372.html" target="_self">php.cn原创html5视频教程</a></p> </li></ul><p>以上是詳細介紹HTML中head頭部標籤的應用的詳細內容。更多資訊請關注PHP中文網其他相關文章！</p> </div> </div> <div class="wzconShengming_sp"> <div class="bzsmdiv_sp">本網站聲明</div> <div>本文內容由網友自願投稿，版權歸原作者所有。本站不承擔相應的法律責任。如發現涉嫌抄襲或侵權的內容，請聯絡admin@php.cn</div> </div> </div> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:block" data-ad-format="autorelaxed" data-ad-client="ca-pub-5902227090019525" data-ad-slot="2507867629"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); 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詳細介紹HTML中head頭部標籤的應用

DOCTYPE

charset

lang屬性

優先使用IE 最新版本和Chrome

360 使用Google Chrome Frame

百度禁止轉碼

SEO 優化部分

lang 屬性