本篇文章主要介紹了.properties檔案讀取及佔位符${...}替換原始碼解析的相關知識,具有很好的參考價值。下面跟著小編一起來看下吧
前言
我們在開發中常遇到一種場景,Bean裡面有一些參數是比較固定的,這種時候通常會採用配置的方式,將這些參數配置在.properties檔案中,然後在Bean實例化的時候透過Spring將這些.properties檔案中配置的參數使用佔位符"${}"替換的方式讀入並設定到Bean的相應參數中。
這種做法最典型的就是JDBC的配置,本文就來研究一下.properties檔案讀取及佔位符"${}"替換的源碼,先從程式碼入手,定義一個DataSource,模擬一下JDBC四個參數:
public class DataSource { /** * 驱动类 */ private String driveClass; /** * jdbc地址 */ private String url; /** * 用户名 */ private String userName; /** * 密码 */ private String password; public String getDriveClass() { return driveClass; } public void setDriveClass(String driveClass) { this.driveClass = driveClass; } public String getUrl() { return url; } public void setUrl(String url) { this.url = url; } public String getUserName() { return userName; } public void setUserName(String userName) { this.userName = userName; } public String getPassword() { return password; } public void setPassword(String password) { this.password = password; } @Override public String toString() { return "DataSource [driveClass=" + driveClass + ", url=" + url + ", userName=" + userName + ", password=" + password + "]"; } }
定義一個db.properties檔案:
driveClass=0 url=1 userName=2 password=3
定義一個properties.xml檔:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd"> <bean class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer"> <property name="location" value="properties/db.properties"></property> </bean> <bean id="dataSource" class="org.xrq.spring.action.properties.DataSource"> <property name="driveClass" value="${driveClass}" /> <property name="url" value="${url}" /> <property name="userName" value="${userName}" /> <property name="password" value="${password}" /> </bean> </beans>
寫一段測試程式碼:
public class TestProperties { @Test public void testProperties() { ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring/properties.xml"); DataSource dataSource = (DataSource)ac.getBean("dataSource"); System.out.println(dataSource); } }
運行結果就不貼了,很明顯,下面就來分析Spring是如何將properties檔案中的屬性讀入並替換"${}"佔位符的。
PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer類別解析
在properties.xml檔案中我們看到了一個類別PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer,顧名思義它就是一個屬性佔位符配置器,看看這個類別的繼承關係圖:
看到從這張圖上,我們能分析出來的最重要的一點就是PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer是BeanFactoryPostProcessor接口的實作類,想見Spring上下文必然是在Bean定義全部載入完畢後且Bean實例化之前透過postProcessBeanFactory方法一次性地替換了佔位符"${}"。
.properties檔案讀取原始碼解析
下面來看看postProcessBeanFactory方法實作:
public void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException { try { Properties mergedProps = mergeProperties(); // Convert the merged properties, if necessary. convertProperties(mergedProps); // Let the subclass process the properties. processProperties(beanFactory, mergedProps); } catch (IOException ex) { throw new BeanInitializationException("Could not load properties", ex); } }
跟一下第3行的mergeProperties方法:
protected Properties mergeProperties() throws IOException { Properties result = new Properties(); if (this.localOverride) { // Load properties from file upfront, to let local properties override. loadProperties(result); } if (this.localProperties != null) { for (Properties localProp : this.localProperties) { CollectionUtils.mergePropertiesIntoMap(localProp, result); } } if (!this.localOverride) { // Load properties from file afterwards, to let those properties override. loadProperties(result); } return result; }
第2行的方法new出一個Properties,名為result,這個result會隨著之後的程式碼傳入,.properties檔案中的資料會寫入result。
OK,接著看,程式碼進入第17行的方法,透過檔案載入.properties檔:
protected void loadProperties(Properties props) throws IOException { if (this.locations != null) { for (Resource location : this.locations) { if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) { logger.info("Loading properties file from " + location); } InputStream is = null; try { is = location.getInputStream(); String filename = null; try { filename = location.getFilename(); } catch (IllegalStateException ex) { // resource is not file-based. See SPR-7552. } if (filename != null && filename.endsWith(XML_FILE_EXTENSION)) { this.propertiesPersister.loadFromXml(props, is); } else { if (this.fileEncoding != null) { this.propertiesPersister.load(props, new InputStreamReader(is, this.fileEncoding)); } else { this.propertiesPersister.load(props, is); } } } catch (IOException ex) { if (this.ignoreResourceNotFound) { if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) { logger.warn("Could not load properties from " + location + ": " + ex.getMessage()); } } else { throw ex; } } finally { if (is != null) { is.close(); } } } } }
第9行,PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer的設定可以傳入路徑列表(當然這裡只傳了一個db.properties),第3行遍歷列表,第9行透過一個輸入位元組流InputStream取得.properties對應的二進位數據,然後第23行的程式碼將InputStream中的二進位解析,寫入第一個參數在 Properties中,Properties是JDK原生的讀取.properties檔案的工具。
就這樣一個簡單的流程,將.properties中的資料進行了解析,並寫入result中(result是mergeProperties方法中new出的一個Properties)。
佔位符號"${...}"替換原始碼解析
上面看了.properties檔案讀取流程,接著就該替換"${} "佔位符了,還是回到postProcessBeanFactory方法:
public void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException { try { Properties mergedProps = mergeProperties(); // Convert the merged properties, if necessary. convertProperties(mergedProps); // Let the subclass process the properties. processProperties(beanFactory, mergedProps); } catch (IOException ex) { throw new BeanInitializationException("Could not load properties", ex); } }
第3行合併了.properties檔案(之所以叫做合併是因為多個.properties檔案中可能有相同的Key)。
第6行在必要的情況下對合併的Properties進行轉換,沒看出有什麼用。
第9行就開始替換佔位符"${...}"了,要事先宣告一點:BeanFactoryPostProcessor類別的postProcessBeanFactory方法呼叫是在Bean定義解析之後,因此目前的beanFactory參數中已經有了所有的Bean定義,如果熟悉Bean解析流程的朋友對這一點應該很清楚。跟第9行的processProperties方法:
protected void processProperties(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactoryToProcess, Properties props) throws BeansException { StringValueResolver valueResolver = new PlaceholderResolvingStringValueResolver(props); BeanDefinitionVisitor visitor = new BeanDefinitionVisitor(valueResolver); String[] beanNames = beanFactoryToProcess.getBeanDefinitionNames(); for (String curName : beanNames) { // Check that we're not parsing our own bean definition, // to avoid failing on unresolvable placeholders in properties file locations. if (!(curName.equals(this.beanName) && beanFactoryToProcess.equals(this.beanFactory))) { BeanDefinition bd = beanFactoryToProcess.getBeanDefinition(curName); try { visitor.visitBeanDefinition(bd); } catch (Exception ex) { throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(bd.getResourceDescription(), curName, ex.getMessage()); } } } // New in Spring 2.5: resolve placeholders in alias target names and aliases as well. beanFactoryToProcess.resolveAliases(valueResolver); // New in Spring 3.0: resolve placeholders in embedded values such as annotation attributes. beanFactoryToProcess.addEmbeddedValueResolver(valueResolver); }
第4行new出一個PlaceholderResolvingStringValueResolver,傳入Properties,顧名思義這是一個持有.properties檔案配置的字串值解析器。
第5行BeanDefinitionVistor,傳入上面的StringValueResolver,顧名思義這是一個Bean定義存取工具,持有字串值解析器,想見可以透過BeanDefinitionVistor存取Bean定義,在遇見到需要解析的字串的時候使用建構子傳入的StringValueResolver解析字串#。
第7行透過BeanFactory取得所有Bean定義的名稱。
第8行開始遍歷所有Bean定義的名稱,注意第11行的第一個判斷"!(curName.equals(this.beanName)" # ,this.beanName指的是PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer,意為PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer本身不會去解析佔位符"${...}"。
着重跟14行的代码,BeanDefinitionVistor的visitBeanDefinition方法,传入BeanDefinition:
public void visitBeanDefinition(BeanDefinition beanDefinition) { visitParentName(beanDefinition); visitBeanClassName(beanDefinition); visitFactoryBeanName(beanDefinition); visitFactoryMethodName(beanDefinition); visitScope(beanDefinition); visitPropertyValues(beanDefinition.getPropertyValues()); ConstructorArgumentValues cas = beanDefinition.getConstructorArgumentValues(); visitIndexedArgumentValues(cas.getIndexedArgumentValues()); visitGenericArgumentValues(cas.getGenericArgumentValues()); }
看到这个方法轮番访问
protected void visitPropertyValues(MutablePropertyValues pvs) { PropertyValue[] pvArray = pvs.getPropertyValues(); for (PropertyValue pv : pvArray) { Object newVal = resolveValue(pv.getValue()); if (!ObjectUtils.nullSafeEquals(newVal, pv.getValue())) { pvs.add(pv.getName(), newVal); } } }
获取属性数组进行遍历,第4行的代码对属性值进行解析获取新属性值,第5行判断新属性值与原属性值不等,第6行的代码用新属性值替换原属性值。因此跟一下第4行的resolveValue方法:
protected Object resolveValue(Object value) { if (value instanceof BeanDefinition) { visitBeanDefinition((BeanDefinition) value); } else if (value instanceof BeanDefinitionHolder) { visitBeanDefinition(((BeanDefinitionHolder) value).getBeanDefinition()); } else if (value instanceof RuntimeBeanReference) { RuntimeBeanReference ref = (RuntimeBeanReference) value; String newBeanName = resolveStringValue(ref.getBeanName()); if (!newBeanName.equals(ref.getBeanName())) { return new RuntimeBeanReference(newBeanName); } } else if (value instanceof RuntimeBeanNameReference) { RuntimeBeanNameReference ref = (RuntimeBeanNameReference) value; String newBeanName = resolveStringValue(ref.getBeanName()); if (!newBeanName.equals(ref.getBeanName())) { return new RuntimeBeanNameReference(newBeanName); } } else if (value instanceof Object[]) { visitArray((Object[]) value); } else if (value instanceof List) { visitList((List) value); } else if (value instanceof Set) { visitSet((Set) value); } else if (value instanceof Map) { visitMap((Map) value); } else if (value instanceof TypedStringValue) { TypedStringValue typedStringValue = (TypedStringValue) value; String stringValue = typedStringValue.getValue(); if (stringValue != null) { String visitedString = resolveStringValue(stringValue); typedStringValue.setValue(visitedString); } } else if (value instanceof String) { return resolveStringValue((String) value); } return value; }
这里主要对value类型做一个判断,我们配置文件里面配置的是字符串,因此就看字符串相关代码,即34行的判断进去,其余的差不多,可以自己看一下源码是怎么做的。第35~第36行的代码就是获取属性值,第38行的代码resolveStringValue方法解析字符串:
protected String resolveStringValue(String strVal) { if (this.valueResolver == null) { throw new IllegalStateException("No StringValueResolver specified - pass a resolver " + "object into the constructor or override the 'resolveStringValue' method"); } String resolvedValue = this.valueResolver.resolveStringValue(strVal); // Return original String if not modified. return (strVal.equals(resolvedValue) ? strVal : resolvedValue); }
继续跟第6行的方法,valueResolver前面说过了,是传入的一个PlaceholderResolvingStringValueResolver,看一下resolveStringValue方法实现:
public String resolveStringValue(String strVal) throws BeansException { String value = this.helper.replacePlaceholders(strVal, this.resolver); return (value.equals(nullValue) ? null : value); }
第2行的replacePlaceholders方法顾名思义,替换占位符,它位于PropertyPlaceholderHelper类中,跟一下这个方法:
public String replacePlaceholders(String value, PlaceholderResolver placeholderResolver) { Assert.notNull(value, "Argument 'value' must not be null."); return parseStringValue(value, placeholderResolver, new HashSet<String>()); }
继续跟第3行的parseStringValue方法,即追踪到了替换占位符的核心代码中:
protected String parseStringValue( String strVal, PlaceholderResolver placeholderResolver, Set<String> visitedPlaceholders) { StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(strVal); int startIndex = strVal.indexOf(this.placeholderPrefix); while (startIndex != -1) { int endIndex = findPlaceholderEndIndex(buf, startIndex); if (endIndex != -1) { String placeholder = buf.substring(startIndex + this.placeholderPrefix.length(), endIndex); if (!visitedPlaceholders.add(placeholder)) { throw new IllegalArgumentException( "Circular placeholder reference '" + placeholder + "' in property definitions"); } // Recursive invocation, parsing placeholders contained in the placeholder key. placeholder = parseStringValue(placeholder, placeholderResolver, visitedPlaceholders); // Now obtain the value for the fully resolved key... String propVal = placeholderResolver.resolvePlaceholder(placeholder); if (propVal == null && this.valueSeparator != null) { int separatorIndex = placeholder.indexOf(this.valueSeparator); if (separatorIndex != -1) { String actualPlaceholder = placeholder.substring(0, separatorIndex); String defaultValue = placeholder.substring(separatorIndex + this.valueSeparator.length()); propVal = placeholderResolver.resolvePlaceholder(actualPlaceholder); if (propVal == null) { propVal = defaultValue; } } } if (propVal != null) { // Recursive invocation, parsing placeholders contained in the // previously resolved placeholder value. propVal = parseStringValue(propVal, placeholderResolver, visitedPlaceholders); buf.replace(startIndex, endIndex + this.placeholderSuffix.length(), propVal); if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) { logger.trace("Resolved placeholder '" + placeholder + "'"); } startIndex = buf.indexOf(this.placeholderPrefix, startIndex + propVal.length()); } else if (this.ignoreUnresolvablePlaceholders) { // Proceed with unprocessed value. startIndex = buf.indexOf(this.placeholderPrefix, endIndex + this.placeholderSuffix.length()); } else { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Could not resolve placeholder '" + placeholder + "'"); } visitedPlaceholders.remove(placeholder); } else { startIndex = -1; } } return buf.toString(); }
过一下此流程:
获取占位符前缀"${"的位置索引startIndex
占位符前缀"${"存在,从"${"后面开始获取占位符后缀"}"的位置索引endIndex
如果占位符前缀位置索引startIndex与占位符后缀的位置索引endIndex都存在,截取中间的部分placeHolder
从Properties中获取placeHolder对应的值propVal
如果propVal不存在,尝试对placeHolder使用":"进行一次分割,如果分割出来有结果,那么前面一部分命名为actualPlaceholder,后面一部分命名为defaultValue,尝试从Properties中获取actualPlaceholder对应的value,如果存在则取此value,如果不存在则取defaultValue,最终赋值给propVal
返回propVal,就是替换之后的值
流程很长,通过这样一整个的流程,将占位符"${...}"中的内容替换为了我们需要的值。
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