圖片放大鏡
效果
## 線上示範原始碼
原理
# 先選擇圖片的一塊區域,然後將這塊區域放大,然後再繪製到原先的圖片上,保證兩塊區域的中心點一致, 如下圖所示:
初始化
<canvas id="canvas" width="500" height="500"> </canvas> <img src="image.png" style="display: none" id="img">
取得canvas 和image 對象,這裡使用 標籤預先載入圖片,關於圖片預先載入可以看這裡
var canvas = document.getElementById("canvas"); var context = canvas.getContext("2d"); var img = document.getElementById("img");
// 图片被放大区域的中心点,也是放大镜的中心点 var centerPoint = {}; // 图片被放大区域的半径 var originalRadius = 100; // 图片被放大区域 var originalRectangle = {}; // 放大倍数 var scale = 2; // 放大后区域 var scaleGlassRectangle
畫背景圖片
function drawBackGround() { context.drawImage(img, 0, 0); }
# 計算圖片被放大的區域的範圍 這裡我們使用滑鼠的位置作為被放大區域的中心點(放大鏡隨著滑鼠移動而移動),因為canvas 在畫圖片的時候,需要知道左上角的座標以及區域的寬高,所以這裡我們計算區域的範圍
function calOriginalRectangle(point) { originalRectangle.x = point.x - originalRadius; originalRectangle.y = point.y - originalRadius; originalRectangle.width = originalRadius * 2; originalRectangle.height = originalRadius * 2; }
繪製放大鏡區域
裁剪區域
放大鏡一般是圓形的,這裡我們使用clip 函數裁切出一個圓形區域,然後在該區域繪製放大後的圖。一旦裁減了某個區域,以後所有的繪圖都會被限制的這個區域裡,這裡我們使用 save 和 restore 方法來清除裁切區域的影響。 save 儲存目前畫布的一次狀態,包含 canvas 的上下文屬性,例如 style,lineWidth 等,然後會將這個狀態壓入一個堆疊。 restore 用來恢復上一次 save 的狀態,從堆疊裡彈出最頂層的狀態。
context.save();
context.beginPath();
context.arc(centerPoint.x, centerPoint.y, originalRadius, 0, Math.PI * 2, false);
context.clip();
......
context.restore();
透過中心點、被放大區域的寬高以及放大倍數,獲得區域的左上角座標以及區域的寬高。
scaleGlassRectangle = { x: centerPoint.x - originalRectangle.width * scale / 2, y: centerPoint.y - originalRectangle.height * scale / 2, width: originalRectangle.width * scale, height: originalRectangle.height * scale }
繪製圖片
在這裡我們使用context.drawImage(img,sx,sy,swidth,sheight ,x,y,width,height); 方法,將 canvas 本身作為一副圖片,然後取被放大區域的圖像,將其繪製到放大鏡區域裡。
context.drawImage(canvas, originalRectangle.x, originalRectangle.y, originalRectangle.width, originalRectangle.height, scaleGlassRectangle.x, scaleGlassRectangle.y, scaleGlassRectangle.width, scaleGlassRectangle.height );
繪製放大邊緣
createRadialGradient 用來繪製漸層影像######context.beginPath(); var gradient = context.createRadialGradient( centerPoint.x, centerPoint.y, originalRadius - 5, centerPoint.x, centerPoint.y, originalRadius); gradient.addColorStop(0, 'rgba(0,0,0,0.2)'); gradient.addColorStop(0.80, 'silver'); gradient.addColorStop(0.90, 'silver'); gradient.addColorStop(1.0, 'rgba(150,150,150,0.9)'); context.strokeStyle = gradient; context.lineWidth = 5; context.arc(centerPoint.x, centerPoint.y, originalRadius, 0, Math.PI * 2, false); context.stroke();
canvas.onmousemove = function (e) { ...... }
function windowToCanvas(x, y) { var bbox = canvas.getBoundingClientRect(); return {x: x - bbox.left, y: y - bbox.top} }
#canvas { display: block; border: 1px solid red; margin: 0 auto; cursor: crosshair; }
function Line(xStart, yStart, xEnd, yEnd, index, color) { // 起点x坐标 this.xStart = xStart; // 起点y坐标 this.yStart = yStart; // 终点x坐标 this.xEnd = xEnd; // 终点y坐标 this.yEnd = yEnd; // 用来标记是哪条线段 this.index = index; // 线段颜色 this.color = color; }
类似于地图中的图例,放大镜使用较为精确的图例,如下图所示:
在放大镜坐标系统中,原始的区域会变大,如下图所示
绘制原始线段
首先创建一个线段对象
function Line(xStart, yStart, xEnd, yEnd, index, color) { // 起点x坐标 this.xStart = xStart; // 起点y坐标 this.yStart = yStart; // 终点x坐标 this.xEnd = xEnd; // 终点y坐标 this.yEnd = yEnd; // 用来标记是哪条线段 this.index = index; // 线段颜色 this.color = color; }
初始化线段
// 原始线段 var chartLines = new Array(); // 处于放大镜中的原始线段 var glassLines; // 放大后的线段 var scaleGlassLines; // 位于放大镜中的线段数量 var glassLineSize; function initLines() { var line; line = new Line(200.5, 400, 200.5, 200, 0, "#888"); chartLines.push(line); line = new Line(201.5, 400, 201.5, 20, 1, "#888"); chartLines.push(line); glassLineSize = chartLines.length; glassLines = new Array(glassLineSize); for (var i = 0; i < glassLineSize; i++) { line = new Line(0, 0, 0, 0, i); glassLines[i] = line; } scaleGlassLines = new Array(glassLineSize); for (var i = 0; i < glassLineSize; i++) { line = new Line(0, 0, 0, 0, i); scaleGlassLines[i] = line; } }
绘制线段
function drawLines() { var line; context.lineWidth = 1; for (var i = 0; i < chartLines.length; i++) { line = chartLines[i]; context.beginPath(); context.strokeStyle = line.color; context.moveTo(line.xStart, line.yStart); context.lineTo(line.xEnd, line.yEnd); context.stroke(); } }
计算原始区域和放大镜区域
function calGlassRectangle(point) { originalRectangle.x = point.x - originalRadius; originalRectangle.y = point.y - originalRadius; originalRectangle.width = originalRadius * 2; originalRectangle.height = originalRadius * 2; scaleGlassRectangle.width = originalRectangle.width * scale; scaleGlassRectangle.height = originalRectangle.height * scale; scaleGlassRectangle.x = originalRectangle.x + originalRectangle.width / 2 - scaleGlassRectangle.width / 2; scaleGlassRectangle.y = originalRectangle.y + originalRectangle.height / 2 - scaleGlassRectangle.height / 2; // 将值装换为整数 scaleGlassRectangle.width = parseInt(scaleGlassRectangle.width); scaleGlassRectangle.height = parseInt(scaleGlassRectangle.height); scaleGlassRectangle.x = parseInt(scaleGlassRectangle.x); scaleGlassRectangle.y = parseInt(scaleGlassRectangle.y); }
计算线段在新坐标系统的位置
由原理图我们知道,放大镜中使用坐标系的图例要比原始坐标系更加精确,比如原始坐标系使用 1:100,那么放大镜坐标系使用 1:10,因此我们需要重新计算线段在放大镜坐标系中的位置。同时为了简便,我们将线段的原始坐标进行了转化,减去原始区域起始的x值和y值,即将原始区域左上角的点看做为(0,0)。
function calScaleLines() { var xStart = originalRectangle.x; var xEnd = originalRectangle.x + originalRectangle.width; var yStart = originalRectangle.y; var yEnd = originalRectangle.y + originalRectangle.height; var line, gLine, sgLine; var glassLineIndex = 0; for (var i = 0; i < chartLines.length; i++) { line = chartLines[i]; // 判断线段是否在放大镜中 if (line.xStart < xStart || line.xEnd > xEnd) { continue; } if (line.yEnd > yEnd || line.yStart < yStart) { continue; } gLine = glassLines[glassLineIndex]; sgLine = scaleGlassLines[glassLineIndex]; if (line.yEnd > yEnd) { gLine.yEnd = yEnd; } if (line.yStart < yStart) { gLine.yStart = yStart; } gLine.xStart = line.xStart - xStart; gLine.yStart = line.yStart - yStart; gLine.xEnd = line.xEnd - xStart; gLine.yEnd = line.yEnd - yStart; sgLine.xStart = parseInt(gLine.xStart * scale); sgLine.yStart = parseInt(gLine.yStart * scale); sgLine.xEnd = parseInt(gLine.xEnd * scale); sgLine.yEnd = parseInt(gLine.yEnd * scale); sgLine.color = line.color; glassLineIndex++; } glassLineSize = glassLineIndex; }
绘制放大镜中心点
绘制放大镜中心的瞄准器
function drawAnchor() { context.beginPath(); context.lineWidth = 2; context.fillStyle = "#fff"; context.strokeStyle = "#000"; context.arc(parseInt(centerPoint.x), parseInt(centerPoint.y), 10, 0, Math.PI * 2, false); var radius = 15; context.moveTo(parseInt(centerPoint.x - radius), parseInt(centerPoint.y)); context.lineTo(parseInt(centerPoint.x + radius), parseInt(centerPoint.y)); context.moveTo(parseInt(centerPoint.x), parseInt(centerPoint.y - radius)); context.lineTo(parseInt(centerPoint.x), parseInt(centerPoint.y + radius)); //context.fill(); context.stroke(); }
绘制放大镜
function drawMagnifyingGlass() { calScaleLines(); context.save(); context.beginPath(); context.arc(centerPoint.x, centerPoint.y, originalRadius, 0, Math.PI * 2, false); context.clip(); context.beginPath(); context.fillStyle = "#fff"; context.arc(centerPoint.x, centerPoint.y, originalRadius, 0, Math.PI * 2, false); context.fill(); context.lineWidth = 4; for (var i = 0; i < glassLineSize; i++) { context.beginPath(); context.strokeStyle = scaleGlassLines[i].color; context.moveTo(scaleGlassRectangle.x + scaleGlassLines[i].xStart, scaleGlassRectangle.y + scaleGlassLines[i].yStart); context.lineTo(scaleGlassRectangle.x + scaleGlassLines[i].xEnd, scaleGlassRectangle.y + scaleGlassLines[i].yEnd); context.stroke(); } context.restore(); context.beginPath(); var gradient = context.createRadialGradient( parseInt(centerPoint.x), parseInt(centerPoint.y), originalRadius - 5, parseInt(centerPoint.x), parseInt(centerPoint.y), originalRadius); gradient.addColorStop(0.50, 'silver'); gradient.addColorStop(0.90, 'silver'); gradient.addColorStop(1, 'black'); context.strokeStyle = gradient; context.lineWidth = 5; context.arc(parseInt(centerPoint.x), parseInt(centerPoint.y), originalRadius, 0, Math.PI * 2, false); context.stroke(); drawAnchor(); }
添加事件
鼠标拖动
鼠标移动到放大镜上,然后按下鼠标左键,可以拖动放大镜,不按鼠标左键或者不在放大镜区域都不可以拖动放大镜。
为了实现上面的效果,我们要实现3种事件 mousedown, mousemove, 'mouseup', 当鼠标按下时,检测是否在放大镜区域,如果在,设置放大镜可以移动。鼠标移动时更新放大镜中兴点的坐标。鼠标松开时,设置放大镜不可以被移动。
canvas.onmousedown = function (e) { var point = windowToCanvas(e.clientX, e.clientY); var x1, x2, y1, y2, dis; x1 = point.x; y1 = point.y; x2 = centerPoint.x; y2 = centerPoint.y; dis = Math.pow(x2 - x1, 2) + Math.pow(y2 - y1, 2); if (dis < Math.pow(originalRadius, 2)) { lastPoint.x = point.x; lastPoint.y = point.y; moveGlass = true; } } canvas.onmousemove = function (e) { if (moveGlass) { var xDis, yDis; var point = windowToCanvas(e.clientX, e.clientY); xDis = point.x - lastPoint.x; yDis = point.y - lastPoint.y; centerPoint.x += xDis; centerPoint.y += yDis; lastPoint.x = point.x; lastPoint.y = point.y; draw(); } } canvas.onmouseup = function (e) { moveGlass = false; }
鼠标双击
当移动到对应的线段上时,鼠标双击可以选择该线段,将该线段的颜色变为红色。
canvas.ondblclick = function (e) { var xStart, xEnd, yStart, yEnd; var clickPoint = {}; clickPoint.x = scaleGlassRectangle.x + scaleGlassRectangle.width / 2; clickPoint.y = scaleGlassRectangle.y + scaleGlassRectangle.height / 2; var index = -1; for (var i = 0; i < scaleGlassLines.length; i++) { var scaleLine = scaleGlassLines[i]; xStart = scaleGlassRectangle.x + scaleLine.xStart - 3; xEnd = scaleGlassRectangle.x + scaleLine.xStart + 3; yStart = scaleGlassRectangle.y + scaleLine.yStart; yEnd = scaleGlassRectangle.y + scaleLine.yEnd; if (clickPoint.x > xStart && clickPoint.x < xEnd && clickPoint.y < yStart && clickPoint.y > yEnd) { scaleLine.color = "#f00"; index = scaleLine.index; break; } } for (var i = 0; i < chartLines.length; i++) { var line = chartLines[i]; if (line.index == index) { line.color = "#f00"; } else { line.color = "#888"; } } draw(); }
键盘事件
因为线段离得比较近,所以使用鼠标移动很难精确的选中线段,这里使用键盘的w, a, s, d 来进行精确移动
document.onkeyup = function (e) { if (e.key == 'w') { centerPoint.y = intAdd(centerPoint.y, -0.2); } if (e.key == 'a') { centerPoint.x = intAdd(centerPoint.x, -0.2); } if (e.key == 's') { centerPoint.y = intAdd(centerPoint.y, 0.2); } if (e.key == 'd') { centerPoint.x = intAdd(centerPoint.x, 0.2); } draw(); }
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