下面小編就為大家帶來一篇老生常談javascript的物件導向想法。小編覺得蠻不錯的，現在就分享給大家，也給大家做個參考。一起跟著小編過來看看吧
物件導向的三大基本特性
封裝(把相關的資訊（無論資料或方法)儲存在物件中的能力)
繼承(由另一個類別（或多個類別）得來類別的屬性和方法的能力)
多態(一個物件在不同情況下的多種形態)
定義類別或物件
#第一種：基於Object物件
var person = new Object();
person.name = "Rose";
person.age = 18;
person.getName = function () {
return this.name;
};
console.log(person.name);//Rose
console.log(person.getName);//function () {return this.name;}
console.log(person.getName());//Rose缺點：不能建立多個物件。
第二種：基於字面量方式
var person = {
name : "Rose",
age : 18 ,
getName : function () {
return this.name;
}
};
console.log(person.name);//Rose
console.log(person.getName);//function () {return this.name;}
console.log(person.getName());//Rose優點：比較清楚的尋找物件包含的屬性和方法；
缺點：不能建立多個物件。
第三種：工廠模式
#方式一：
function createPerson(name,age) {
var object = new Object();
object.name = name;
object.age = age;
object.getName = function () {
return this.name;
};
return object;
}
var person1 = createPerson("Rose",18);
var person2 = createPerson("Jack",20);
console.log(person1.name);//Rose
console.log(person2.name);//Jack
console.log(person1.getName === person2.getName);//false//重复生成函数，为每个对象都创建独立的函数版本優點：可以建立多個物件；
缺點：重複產生函數getName()，為每個物件建立獨立的函數版本。
方式二：
function createPerson(name,age) {
var object = new Object();
object.name = name;
object.age = age;
object.getName = getName;
return object;
}
function getName() {
return this.name;
}
var person1 = createPerson("Rose",18);
var person2 = createPerson("Jack",20);
console.log(person1.name);//Rose
console.log(person2.name);//Jack
console.log(person1.getName === person2.getName);//true//共享同一个函数優點：可以建立多個物件；
缺點：從語意上講，函數getName()不太像是Person物件的方法，辨識度不高。
第四種：建構函式方式
#方式一：
function Person(name,age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.getName = function () {
return this.name;
}
}
var person1 = new Person("Rose",18);
var person2 = new Person("Jack",20);
console.log(person1.name);//Rose
console.log(person2.name);//Jack
console.log(person1.getName === person2.getName); //false//重复生成函数，为每个对象都创建独立的函数版本優點：可以建立多個物件；
缺點：重複產生函數getName()，為每個物件建立獨立的函數版本。
方式二：
function Person(name,age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.getName = getName ;
}
function getName() {
return this.name;
}
var person1 = new Person("Rose",18);
var person2 = new Person("Jack",20);
console.log(person1.name);//Rose
console.log(person2.name);//Jack
console.log(person1.getName === person2.getName); //true//共享同一个函数優點：可以建立多個物件；
缺點：從語意上講，函數getName()不太像是Person物件的方法，辨識度不高。
第五種：原型方式
function Person() {
}
Person.prototype.name = 'Rose';
Person.prototype.age = 18;
Person.prototype.getName = function () {
return this.name;
};
var person1 = new Person();
var person2 = new Person();
console.log(person1.name);//Rose
console.log(person2.name);//Rose//共享同一个属性
console.log(person1.getName === person2.getName);//true//共享同一个函数缺點：它省略了為建構子傳遞初始化參數，這在一定程序帶來不便；另外，最主要是當對象的屬性是引用類型時，它的值是不變的，總是引用同一個外部對象，所有實例對該對象的操作都會影響其它實例：
function Person() {
}
Person.prototype.name = 'Rose';
Person.prototype.age = 18;
Person.prototype.lessons = ["语文","数学"];
Person.prototype.getName = function () {
return this.name;
};
var person1 = new Person();
person1.lessons.push("英语");
var person2 = new Person();
console.log(person1.lessons);//["语文", "数学", "英语"]
console.log(person2.lessons);//["语文", "数学", "英语"]//person1修改影响了person2第六種：建構子+原型方式（建議）
function Person(name,age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
Person.prototype.getName = function () {
return this.name;
};
var person1 = new Person('Rose', 18);
var person2 = new Person('Jack', 20);
console.log(person1.name);//Rose
console.log(person2.name);//Jack
console.log(person1.getName === person2.getName);//true//共享原型中定义的方法缺點：屬性定義在建構子內，方法定義在建構子外，與物件導向的封裝思想不符。
第七種：建構子+動態原型方式（推薦）
#方式一：
function Person(name,age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
if (typeof Person._getName === "undefined"){
Person.prototype.getName = function () {
return this.name;
};
Person._getName = true;
}
}
var person1 = new Person('Rose', 18);
var person2 = new Person('Jack', 20);
console.log(person1.name);//Rose
console.log(person2.name);//Jack
console.log(person1.getName === person2.getName);//true//共享原型中定义的方法方式二：
function Person(name,age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
if (typeof this.getName !== "function"){
Person.prototype.getName = function () {
return this.name;
};
}
}
var person1 = new Person('Rose', 18);
var person2 = new Person('Jack', 20);
console.log(person1.name);//Rose
console.log(person2.name);//Jack
console.log(person1.getName === person2.getName);//true//共享原型中定义的方法#物件屬性的擴充與刪除
Javascript的物件可以使用'.' 操作符動態的擴展其屬性，可以使用'delete' 關鍵字或將屬性的值設為'undefined' 來刪除屬性。
function Person(name,age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
if (typeof Person._getName === "undefined"){
Person.prototype.getName = function () {
return this.name;
};
Person._getName = true;
}
}
var person = new Person("Rose",18);
person.job = 'Engineer';//添加属性
console.log(person.job);//Engineer
delete person.job;//删除属性
console.log(person.job);//undefined//删除属性后值为undefined
person.age = undefined;//删除属性
console.log(person.age);//undefined//删除属性后值为undefined物件屬性類型
#資料屬性
##特性：[configurable]:表示能否使用delete運算子刪除從而重新定義，或是否能修改為存取器屬性。預設為true;[enumberable]:表示是否可透過for-in循環傳回屬性。預設true;[writable]:表示是否可修改屬性的值。預設true;[value]:包含該屬性的資料值。讀取/寫入都是該值。預設為undefined;如上方實例物件person定義了name屬性，其值為'My name',對該值的修改都反正在這個位置
function Person(name,age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
if (typeof Person._getName === "undefined"){
Person.prototype.getName = function () {
return this.name;
};
Person._getName = true;
}
}
var person = new Person("Rose",18);
Object.defineProperty(person,"name",{configurable:false,writable:false});
person.name = "Jack";
console.log(person.name);//Rose//重新赋值无效
delete person.name;
console.log(person.name);//Rose//删除无效
#
function Person(name,age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
if (typeof Person._getName === "undefined"){
Person.prototype.getName = function () {
return this.name;
};
Person._getName = true;
}
}
var person = new Person("Rose",18);
Object.defineProperty(person,"name",{configurable:false,writable:false});
person.name = "Jack";
console.log(person.name);//Rose//重新赋值无效
delete person.name;
console.log(person.name);//Rose//删除无效
Object.defineProperty(person,"name",{configurable:true,writable:true});//Cannot redefine property: name存取器屬性
特性：[configurable]:是否可透過delete運算子刪除重新定義屬性；[numberable]:是否可透過for-in循環查找該屬性；[get]:讀取屬性時調用，預設：undefined;[set]:寫入屬性時調用，預設：undefined;存取器屬性不能直接定義，必須使用defineProperty()或defineProperties來定義：如下##
function Person(name,age) {
this.name = name;
this._age = age;
if (typeof Person._getName === "undefined"){
Person.prototype.getName = function () {
return this.name;
};
Person._getName = true;
}
}
var person = new Person("Rose",18);
Object.defineProperty(person,"age",{
get:function () {
return this._age;
},
set:function (age) {
this._age = age;
}});
person.age = 20;
console.log(person.age);//20//person.age=20是使用set方法将20赋值给_age，person.age是使用get方法将_age的读取出来
console.log(person._age);//20取得所有的屬性和屬性的特性使用Object.getOwnPropertyNames(object)方法可以取得所有的屬性；
使用Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(object,property )方法可以取得給定屬性的特性；
#
function Person(name,age) {
this.name = name;
this._age = age;
if (typeof Person._getName === "undefined"){
Person.prototype.getName = function () {
return this.name;
};
Person._getName = true;
}
}
var person = new Person("Rose",18);
Object.defineProperty(person,"age",{
get:function () {
return this._age;
},
set:function (age) {
this._age = age;
}});
console.log(Object.getOwnPropertyNames(person));//["name", "_age", "age"]
console.log(Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(person,"age"));//{enumerable: false, configurable: false, get: function, set: function}对于数据属性，可以取得：configurable,enumberable,writable和value；
对于访问器属性，可以取得：configurable,enumberable,get和set；
继承机制实现
对象冒充
function Father(name) {
this.name = name ;
this.getName = function () {
return this.name;
}
}
function Son(name,age) {
this._newMethod = Father;
this._newMethod(name);
delete this._newMethod;
this.age = age;
this.getAge = function () {
return this.age;
}
}
var father = new Father("Tom");
var son = new Son("Jack",18);
console.log(father.getName());//Tom
console.log(son.getName());//Jack//继承父类getName()方法
console.log(son.getAge());//18多继承（利用对象冒充可以实现多继承）
function FatherA(name) {
this.name = name ;
this.getName = function () {
return this.name;
}
}
function FatherB(job) {
this.job = job;
this.getJob = function () {
return this.job;
}
}
function Son(name,job,age) {
this._newMethod = FatherA;
this._newMethod(name);
delete this._newMethod;
this._newMethod = FatherB;
this._newMethod(job);
delete this._newMethod;
this.age = age;
this.getAge = function () {
return this.age;
}
}
var fatherA = new FatherA("Tom");
var fatherB = new FatherB("Engineer");
var son = new Son("Jack","Programmer",18);
console.log(fatherA.getName());//Tom
console.log(fatherB.getJob());//Engineer
console.log(son.getName());//Jack//继承父类FatherA的getName()方法
console.log(son.getJob());//Programmer//继承父类FatherB的getJob()方法
console.log(son.getAge());//18call()方法
function Father(name) {
this.name = name ;
this.getName = function () {
return this.name;
}
}
function Son(name,job,age) {
Father.call(this,name);
this.age = age;
this.getAge = function () {
return this.age;
}
}
var father = new Father("Tom");
var son = new Son("Jack","Programmer",18);
console.log(father.getName());//Tom
console.log(son.getName());//Jack//继承父类getName()方法
console.log(son.getAge());//18多继承（利用call()方法实现多继承）
function FatherA(name) {
this.name = name ;
this.getName = function () {
return this.name;
}
}
function FatherB(job) {
this.job = job;
this.getJob = function () {
return this.job;
}
}
function Son(name,job,age) {
FatherA.call(this,name);
FatherB.call(this,job);
this.age = age;
this.getAge = function () {
return this.age;
}
}
var fatherA = new FatherA("Tom");
var fatherB = new FatherB("Engineer");
var son = new Son("Jack","Programmer",18);
console.log(fatherA.getName());//Tom
console.log(fatherB.getJob());//Engineer
console.log(son.getName());//Jack//继承父类FatherA的getName()方法
console.log(son.getJob());//Programmer//继承父类FatherB的getJob()方法
console.log(son.getAge());//18apply()方法
function Father(name) {
this.name = name ;
this.getName = function () {
return this.name;
}
}
function Son(name,job,age) {
Father.apply(this,new Array(name));
this.age = age;
this.getAge = function () {
return this.age;
}
}
var father = new Father("Tom");
var son = new Son("Jack","Programmer",18);
console.log(father.getName());//Tom
console.log(son.getName());//Jack//继承父类getName()方法
console.log(son.getAge());//18多继承（利用apply()方法实现多继承）
function FatherA(name) {
this.name = name ;
this.getName = function () {
return this.name;
}
}
function FatherB(job) {
this.job = job;
this.getJob = function () {
return this.job;
}
}
function Son(name,job,age) {
FatherA.apply(this,new Array(name));
FatherB.apply(this,new Array(job));
this.age = age;
this.getAge = function () {
return this.age;
}
}
var fatherA = new FatherA("Tom");
var fatherB = new FatherB("Engineer");
var son = new Son("Jack","Programmer",18);
console.log(fatherA.getName());//Tom
console.log(fatherB.getJob());//Engineer
console.log(son.getName());//Jack//继承父类FatherA的getName()方法
console.log(son.getJob());//Programmer//继承父类FatherB的getJob()方法
console.log(son.getAge());//18原型链方法
function Father() {
}
Father.prototype.name = "Tom";
Father.prototype.getName = function () {
return this.name;
};
function Son() {
}
Son.prototype = new Father();
Son.prototype.age = 18;
Son.prototype.getAge = function () {
return this.age;
};
var father = new Father();
var son = new Son();
console.log(father.getName());//Tom
console.log(son.getName());//Tom//继承父类FatherA的getName()方法
console.log(son.getAge());//18混合方式（call()+原型链）
function Father(name) {
this.name = name;
}
Father.prototype.getName = function () {
return this.name;
};
function Son(name,age) {
Father.call(this,name);
this.age = age;
}
Son.prototype = new Father();
Son.prototype.getAge = function () {
return this.age;
};
var father = new Father("Tom");
var son = new Son("Jack",18);
console.log(father.getName());//Tom
console.log(son.getName());//Jack//继承父类Father的getName()方法
console.log(son.getAge());//18多态机制实现
function Person(name) {
this.name = name;
if (typeof this.getName !== "function"){
Person.prototype.getName = function () {
return this.name;
}
}
if (typeof this.toEat !== "function"){
Person.prototype.toEat = function (animal) {
console.log( this.getName() + "说去吃饭：");
animal.eat();
}
}
}
function Animal(name) {
this.name = name;
if (typeof this.getName !== "function"){
Animal.prototype.getName = function () {
return this.name;
}
}
}
function Cat(name) {
Animal.call(this,name);
if (typeof this.eat !== "function"){
Cat.prototype.eat = function () {
console.log(this.getName() + "吃鱼");
}
}
}
Cat.prototype = new Animal();
function Dog(name) {
Animal.call(this,name);
if (typeof this.eat !== "function"){
Dog.prototype.eat = function () {
console.log(this.getName() + "啃骨头");
}
}
}
Dog.prototype = new Animal();
var person = new Person("Tom");
person.toEat(new Cat("cat"));//Tom说去吃饭：cat吃鱼
person.toEat(new Dog("dog"));//Tom说去吃饭：dog啃骨头以上是JavaScript中關於物件導向思想的介紹的詳細內容。更多資訊請關注PHP中文網其他相關文章！
