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HTML中head頭結構應該如何使用

Jan 26, 2018 am 10:23 AM
head html 如何

這次帶給大家HTML中head頭結構該如何使用,使用HTML中head頭結構的注意事項有哪些,以下就是實戰案例,一起來看一下。

以下介紹下常用的head頭部結構,以及對各個標籤、元素的意義以及使用場景一一介紹(本篇以一絲大神的文章為基礎,進行擴展總結)。

 padding.me的head頭結構

複製程式碼程式碼如下:

<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, user-scalable=yes">
    <meta name="keywords" content="PaddingMe,front-end,前端,前端工程师,web开发工程师,HTML,CSS,JavaScript,HTML5,CSS3,git,Github">
    <meta name="description" content="PaddingMe - he is a front-end developer.">
    <meta name="robots" content="index,follow">
    <meta name="author" content="PaddingMe,padding4me@gmail.com"></p>< p>    <meta name="renderer" content="webkit">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge,chrome=1">
    <meta></p>< p>    <meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-siteapp"></p>< p>    <title>PaddingMe</title>
    <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" href="../favicon.ico"></p>< p>    <link rel="author" href="<a href="https://plus.google.com/u/1/105241873904238310190/?rel=author">https://plus.google.com/u/1/105241873904238310190/?rel=author</a>">
    <link type="text/plain" rel="author" href="<a href="http://padding.me/humans.txt">http://padding.me/humans.txt</a>" /></p>< p>    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/screen.css">
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/font.css">
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/social.css">
    <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Atom 1.0" href="<a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/paddingme">http://feeds.feedburner.com/paddingme</a>" />
</head>
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DOCTYPE(Document Type),該宣告位於文件中最前面的位置,在html標籤之前,此標籤告知瀏覽器文件使用哪種HTML或XHTML規範。

DTD(Document Type Definition)宣告以開始,不區分大小寫,前面沒有任何內容,如果有其他內容(空格除外)會使瀏覽器在IE下開啟怪異模式( quirks mode)渲染網頁。公共DTD,名稱格式為“註冊//組織//類型 標籤//語言”,“註冊”指示組織是否由國際標準化組織(ISO)註冊,+表示是,-表示不是。 「組織」即組織名稱,如:W3C;「類型」一般是DTD,「標籤」是指定公開文字描述,即對所引用的公開文本的唯一描述性名稱,後面可附帶版本號。最後「語言」是DTD語言的ISO 639語言標識符,如:EN表示英文,ZH表示中文。 XHTML 1.0可宣告三種DTD類型。分別表示嚴格版本,過渡版本,以及基於框架的HTML文件
HTML 4.01 strict

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
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HTML 4.01 Transitional

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
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HTML 4.01 Frameset

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Frameset//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/frameset.dtd">
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而最新HTML5 推出更簡潔的書寫,它向前向後相容,推薦使用。

<!doctype html>
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HTML裡的doctype有兩個主要目的。
 •對文件進行有效性驗證。
 它告訴使用者代理程式和校驗器這個文件是依照什麼DTD寫的。這個動作是被動的,每次頁面載入時,瀏覽器並不會下載DTD並檢查合法性,只有當手動校驗頁面時才啟用。
 •決定瀏覽器的呈現模式
 對於實際操作,通知瀏覽器讀取文件時用哪一種解析演算法。如果沒有寫,則瀏覽器則會根據自身的規則對程式碼進行解析,可能會嚴重影響html排版佈局。瀏覽器有三種方式解析HTML文件。

 ◦非怪異(標準)模式
 ◦怪異模式
 ◦部分怪異(近乎標準)模式
 關於IE瀏覽器的文件模式,瀏覽器模式,嚴格模式,怪異模式,DOCTYPE標籤,可詳細閱讀模式?標準! ,以及盒子模型

charset

聲明文件使用的字元編碼,

#複製程式碼如下:

<meta charset=&#39;utf-8&#39;>
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 html5之前網頁中會這樣寫:

<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
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 這兩個是等效的,具體可移步閱讀:http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4696499/meta-charset-utf-8-vs-meta- http-equiv-content-type,所以建議使用較短的,容易記憶。

lang屬性

簡體中文

<html> <!-- 更加标准的 lang 属性写法 <http://zhi.hu/XyIa> -->
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 繁體中文

<html> <!-- 更加标准的 lang 属性写法 <http://zhi.hu/XyIa> -->
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 很少需要加區代碼,通常是為了強調不同地區漢語使用差異,例如:

<p>
    <strong>菠萝</strong>和<strong>鳳梨</strong>其实是同一种水果。只是大陆和台湾称谓不同,且新加坡、马来西亚一带的称谓也是不同的,称之为<strong>黄梨</strong>。
</p>
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 具體相關請移步http://zhi.hu/XyIa

優先使用IE 最新版本和Chrome

<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1" />
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 360 使用Google Chrome Frame

<meta name="renderer" content="webkit">
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 360瀏覽器就會在讀取到這個標籤後,立即切換對應的極速核。
 另外為了保險起見再加入

<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge,chrome=1">
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 這樣寫可以達到的效果是如果安裝了Google Chrome Frame,則使用GCF來渲染頁面,如果沒有安裝GCF,則使用最高版本的IE核心進行渲染。
 相關連結:瀏覽器核心控制Meta標籤說明文件

百度禁止轉碼

#透過百度手機開啟網頁時,百度可能會對你的網頁進行轉碼,脫下你的衣服,往你的身上貼上狗皮膏藥的廣告,為此可在head內添加

<meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-siteapp" />
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相關鏈接:SiteApp轉碼聲明

SEO優化部分
頁面標題標籤(head頭部必須)<br/></p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><title>your title</title></pre><div class="contentsignin">登入後複製</div></div><p>頁面關鍵字keywords<br/></p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><meta name="keywords" content="your keywords"></pre><div class="contentsignin">登入後複製</div></div><p>頁面描述內容description<br/></p>#<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><meta name="description" content="your description"></pre><div class="contentsignin">登入後複製</div></div> <p>定義網頁作者author<br/></p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><meta name="author" content="author,email address"></pre><div class="contentsignin">登入後複製</div></div><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><meta name="robots" content="index,follow"></pre><div class="contentsignin">登入後複製</div></div><p>相關連結:WEB1038 - 標記包含無效的值</p><p>viewport</p><p>viewport 可以讓佈局在行動瀏覽器上顯示的更好。 <br/> 通常會寫<br/></p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"></pre><div class="contentsignin">登入後複製</div></div><p>width=device-width 會導致iPhone 5 加入主畫面後以WebApp 全螢幕模式開啟頁面時出現黑邊(http://bigc.at/ios- webapp-viewport-meta.orz)<br/></p><p>content 参数:<br/> •width viewport 宽度(数值/device-width)<br/> •height viewport 高度(数值/device-height)<br/> •initial-scale 初始缩放比例<br/> •maximum-scale 最大缩放比例<br/> •minimum-scale 最小缩放比例<br/> •user-scalable 是否允许用户缩放(yes/no)<br/>minimal-ui iOS 7.1 beta 2 中新增属性,可以在页面加载时最小化上下状态栏。这是一个布尔值,可以直接这样写:<br/></p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimal-ui"></pre><div class="contentsignin">登入後複製</div></div><p>而如果你的网站不是响应式的,请不要使用initial-scale或者禁用缩放。<br/></p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,user-scalable=yes"></pre><div class="contentsignin">登入後複製</div></div><p>相关链接:非响应式设计的viewport<br/></p><p>ios 设备</p><p>添加到主屏后的标题(iOS 6 新增)</p><p>复制代码代码如下:<br/></p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="标题"> <!-- 添加到主屏后的标题(iOS 6 新增) --></pre><div class="contentsignin">登入後複製</div></div><p>是否启用 WebApp 全屏模式<br/></p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes" /> <!-- 是否启用 WebApp 全屏模式 --></pre><div class="contentsignin">登入後複製</div></div><p> 设置状态栏的背景颜色<br/></p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black-translucent" /> <!-- 设置状态栏的背景颜色,只有在 `"apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"` 时生效 --></pre><div class="contentsignin">登入後複製</div></div><p> 只有在 "apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes" 时生效</p><p>content 参数:<br/> •default 默认值。<br/> •black 状态栏背景是黑色。<br/> •black-translucent 状态栏背景是黑色半透明。<br/> 如果设置为 default 或 black ,网页内容从状态栏底部开始。<br/> 如果设置为 black-translucent ,网页内容充满整个屏幕,顶部会被状态栏遮挡。<br/>禁止数字识自动别为电话号码</p><div class="code" style="position:relative; 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