php+redis實現搶購功能

小云云
發布: 2023-03-20 07:00:02
原創
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前面我們跟大家分享了php和redis實現商城秒殺功能代碼分享,本文主要為大家詳細介紹了php+redis消息隊列搶購實現代碼,具有一定的參考價值,感興趣的小伙伴們可以參考一下,希望能幫助大家。

實作功能:

1. 基於redis佇列,防止高並發的超賣
2. 基於mysql的事務加排它鎖,防止高並發的超賣

基於redis佇列工作流程:

1. 管理員根據goods表中的庫存,建立redis商品庫存佇列
2. 客戶端存取秒殺API
3. web伺服器先從redis的商品庫存佇列中查詢剩餘庫存重點內容
4. redis佇列中有剩餘,則在mysql中建立訂單,去庫存,搶購成功
5. redis佇列中沒有剩餘,則提示庫存不足,搶購失敗重點內容

基於mysql事務和排它鎖工作流程:

1. 開啟事務
2. 查詢庫存,並顯示的設定寫鎖(排他鎖):SELECT * FROM goods WHERE id = 1 FOR UPDATE
3. 產生訂單
4. 去庫存,隱示的設定寫鎖(排他鎖):UPDATE goods SET counts = counts – 1 WHERE id = 1
5. commit,釋放鎖

注意:第二步可以設定共用鎖,不然有可能會造成死鎖。

程式碼:


<?php
/**********************************************
* 抢购模块
*
* @author liubin
* @date 2016-02-10
*
* ab -n 1000 -c 100 http://192.168.16.73/Seckill/buy.php
*
*/
class seckill extends common
{

 private $_orderModel = null;
 private $_goodsModel = null;
 private $_redis = null;
 /*
  * 错误信息
 */
 protected $_error = &#39;&#39;;
 /**
  * 构造器
  *
 */
 public function __construct()
 {
  if($this->_orderModel === null){
   $this->_orderModel = new OrderModel();
  }
  if($this->_goodsModel === null){
   $this->_goodsModel = new GoodsModel();
  }
  if($this->_redis === null){
   $this->_redis = new QRedis(); 
  }
 }
 /*
  * 秒杀API
  * 
  * @author liubin
  * @date 2017-02-10
 */
 public function addQsec(){
  $gid = intval($_GET[&#39;gid&#39;]);
  $type = isset($_GET[&#39;type&#39;]) ? $_GET[&#39;type&#39;] : &#39;mysql&#39;;
  switch ($type) {
   case &#39;mysql&#39;:
    $this->order_check_mysql($gid);
    echo $this->getError();
    break;
   case &#39;redis&#39;:
    $this->order_check_redis($gid);
    echo $this->getError();
    break;
   case &#39;transaction&#39;:
    $this->order_check_transaction($gid);
    echo $this->getError();
    break;
   default:
    echo &#39;类型错误&#39;;
    break;
  }
 }
 /*
  * 获取错误信息
  * 
  * @author liubin
  * @date 2017-02-10
 */
 public function getError(){
  return $this->_error;
 }
 /*
  * 基于mysql验证库存信息
  * @desc 高并发下会导致超卖
  *
  * @author liubin
  * @date 2017-02-10
 */
 protected function order_check_mysql($gid){


  $model = $this->_goodsModel;
  $pdo = $model->getHandler();
  $gid = intval($gid);

  /*
   * 1:$sql_forlock如果不加事务,不加写锁:
   * 超卖非常严重,就不说了
   * 
   * 2:$sql_forlock如果不加事务,只加写锁:
   * 第一个会话读$sql_forlock时加写锁,第一个会话$sql_forlock查询结束会释放该行锁.
   * 第二个会话在第一个会话释放后读$sql_forlock的写锁时,会再次$sql_forlock查库存
   * 导致超卖现象产生
   *
  */
  $sql_forlock = &#39;select * from goods where id = &#39;.$gid .&#39; limit 1 for update&#39;;
  //$sql_forlock = &#39;select * from goods where id = &#39;.$gid .&#39; limit 1&#39;;
  $result = $pdo->query($sql_forlock,PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
  $goodsInfo = $result->fetch();

  if($goodsInfo[&#39;counts&#39;]>0){

   //去库存
   $gid = $goodsInfo[&#39;id&#39;];
   $sql_inventory = &#39;UPDATE goods SET counts = counts - 1 WHERE id = &#39;.$gid;
   $result = $this->_goodsModel->exect($sql_inventory);
   if($result){
    //创订单
    $data    = [];
    $data[&#39;order_id&#39;] = $this->_orderModel->buildOrderNo();
    $data[&#39;goods_id&#39;] = $goodsInfo[&#39;id&#39;];
    $data[&#39;addtime&#39;] = time();
    $data[&#39;uid&#39;]  = 1;
    $order_rs = $this->_orderModel->create_order($data);
    if($order_rs){
     $this->_error = &#39;购买成功&#39;;
     return true;
    }
   }
  }

  $this->_error = &#39;库存不足&#39;;
  return false;

 }
 /*
  * 基于redis队列验证库存信息
  * @desc Redis是底层是单线程的,命令执行是原子操作,包括lpush,lpop等.高并发下不会导致超卖
  *
  * @author liubin
  * @date 2017-02-10
 */
 protected function order_check_redis($gid){
  $goodsInfo = $this->_goodsModel->getGoods($gid);
  if(!$goodsInfo){
   $this->_error = &#39;商品不存在&#39;;
   return false;
  }
  $key = &#39;goods_list_&#39;.$goodsInfo[&#39;id&#39;];
  $count = $this->_redis->getHandel()->lpop($key);
  if(!$count){
   $this->_error = &#39;库存不足&#39;;
   return false;
  }
  //生成订单
  $data    = [];
  $data[&#39;order_id&#39;] = $this->_orderModel->buildOrderNo();
  $data[&#39;goods_id&#39;] = $goodsInfo[&#39;id&#39;];
  $data[&#39;addtime&#39;] = time();
  $data[&#39;uid&#39;]  = 1;
  $order_rs = $this->_orderModel->create_order($data);

  //库存减少
  $gid = $goodsInfo[&#39;id&#39;];
  $sql = &#39;UPDATE goods SET counts = counts - 1 WHERE id = &#39;.$gid;
  $result = $this->_goodsModel->exect($sql);
  $this->_error = &#39;购买成功&#39;;
  return true;
 }
 /*
  * 基于mysql事务验证库存信息
  * @desc 事务 和 行锁 模式,高并发下不会导致超卖,但效率会慢点
  * @author liubin
  * @date 2017-02-10


  说明:
  如果$sql_forlock不加写锁,并发时,$sql_forlock查询的记录存都大于0,可以减库存操作.
  如果$sql_forlock加了写锁,并发时,$sql_forlock查询是等待第一次链接释放后查询.所以库存最多就是5

 */
 protected function order_check_transaction($gid){

  $model = $this->_goodsModel;
  $pdo = $model->getHandler();
  $gid = intval($gid);

  try{
   $pdo->beginTransaction();//开启事务处理


   /*
    * 1:$sql_forlock如果只加事务,不加写锁:
    * 开启事务
    * 因为没有加锁,读$sql_forlock后,并发时$sql_inventory之前还可以再读。
    * $sql_inventory之后和commit之前才会锁定
    * 出现超卖跟事务的一致性不冲突
    * 
    *
    * 2:$sql_forlock如果加了事务,又加读锁:
    * 开启事务
    * 第一个会话读$sql_forlock时加读锁,并发时,第二个会话也允许获得$sql_forlock的读锁,
    * 但是在第一个会话执行去库存操作时(写锁),写锁便会等待第二个会话的读锁,第二个会话执行写操作时,写锁便会等待第一个会话的读锁,
    * 出现死锁

    * 3:$sql_forlock如果加了事务,又加写锁:
    * 开启事务
    * 第一个会话读$sql_forlock时加写锁,直到commit才会释放写锁,并发查询不会出现超卖现象。
    *
   */

   $sql_forlock = &#39;select * from goods where id = &#39;.$gid .&#39; limit 1 for update&#39;;
   //$sql_forlock = &#39;select * from goods where id = &#39;.$gid .&#39; limit 1 LOCK IN SHARE MODE&#39;;
   //$sql_forlock = &#39;select * from goods where id = &#39;.$gid .&#39; limit 1&#39;;
   $result = $pdo->query($sql_forlock,PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
   $goodsInfo = $result->fetch();

   if($goodsInfo[&#39;counts&#39;]>0){

    //去库存
    $gid = $goodsInfo[&#39;id&#39;];
    $sql_inventory = &#39;UPDATE goods SET counts = counts - 1 WHERE id = &#39;.$gid;
    $result = $this->_goodsModel->exect($sql_inventory);

    if(!$result){
     $pdo->rollBack();
     $this->_error = &#39;库存减少失败&#39;;
     return false;
    }

    //创订单
    $data    = [];
    $data[&#39;id&#39;]   = &#39;null&#39;;
    $data[&#39;order_id&#39;] = $this->_orderModel->buildOrderNo();
    $data[&#39;goods_id&#39;] = $goodsInfo[&#39;id&#39;];
    $data[&#39;uid&#39;]  = &#39;abc&#39;;
    $data[&#39;addtime&#39;] = time();

    $sql = &#39;insert into orders (id,order_id,goods_id,uid,addtime) values (&#39;.$data[&#39;id&#39;].&#39;,"&#39;.$data[&#39;order_id&#39;].&#39;","&#39;.$data[&#39;goods_id&#39;].&#39;","&#39;.$data[&#39;uid&#39;].&#39;","&#39;.$data[&#39;addtime&#39;].&#39;")&#39;;   
    $result = $pdo->exec($sql);
    if(!$result){
     $pdo->rollBack();
     $this->_error = &#39;订单创建失败&#39;;
     return false;
    }
    $pdo->commit();//提交
    $this->_error = &#39;购买成功&#39;;
    return true;

   }else{
    $this->_error = &#39;库存不足&#39;;
    return false;
   }
  }catch(PDOException $e){
   echo $e->getMessage();
   $pdo->rollBack();
  }


 }
 /*
  * 创建订单
  * mysql 事物处理,也可以用存储过程
  *
 */
 private function create_order($goodsInfo){
  //生成订单
  $data    = [];
  $data[&#39;order_id&#39;] = $this->_orderModel->buildOrderNo();
  $data[&#39;goods_id&#39;] = $goodsInfo[&#39;id&#39;];
  $data[&#39;addtime&#39;] = time();
  $data[&#39;uid&#39;]  = 1;
  $order_rs = $this->_orderModel->create_order($data);

  //库存减少
  $gid = $goodsInfo[&#39;id&#39;];
  $sql = &#39;UPDATE goods SET counts = counts - 1 WHERE id = &#39;.$gid;
  $result = $this->_goodsModel->exect($sql);
  return true;
 }
}
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