這次帶給大家怎麼用canvas實作自訂頭像功能，用canvas實作自訂頭像功能的注意事項有哪些，以下就是實戰案例，一起來看一下。
寫在最前面：
前兩天老大跟我說老虎官網上那個自訂頭像的功能是flash實現的，沒有安裝過的還得手動去「允許」falsh的運作。所以讓我用canvas實現一個一樣的功能，嘿嘿，剛好最近也在研究canvas，所以欣然答應（其實，你沒研究過難道就不答應麼，哈哈哈哈哈~）
成果展示：
Git位址:https://github.com/ry928330/portraitDIY
功能說明：
實作細節：
因為你要對圖片所在的區域進行截圖，所以你得製作一張canvas，蓋在圖片所在的區域。這裡，我們給了一個函數，根據傳入的DOM裡面元素的類別名稱創建相同位置的canvas，蓋在原來的DOM元素上面：
function createCanvasByClassName(tag) {
var canvasInitialWidth = $('.' + tag).width();
var canvasInitialHeight = $('.' + tag).height();
var left = $('.' + tag).offset().left - $('.' + tag).parent('.portraitContainer').offset().left + 1;
var top = $('.' + tag).offset().top - $('.' + tag).parent('.portraitContainer').offset().top + 1;
//var left = $('.' + tag).offset().left + 1;
//var top = $('.' + tag).offset().top + 1;
clearCanvasObj.left = $('.' + tag).offset().left + 1;
clearCanvasObj.top = $('.' + tag).offset().top + 1;
// clearCanvasObj.left = left;
// clearCanvasObj.top = top;
var canvasElement = $('<canvas></canvas>');
var randomNum = Math.floor(getRandom(0, 10000));
clearCanvasObj.canvasId = randomNum;
canvasElement.attr({
id: 'canvas',
width: canvasInitialWidth,
height: canvasInitialHeight
});
canvasElement.css({
position: 'absolute',
top: top,
left: left
});
//$('body').append(canvasElement);
var appendEle = $('.portraitContainer').append(canvasElement);
var canvas = document.getElementById('canvas');
var ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
//ctx.fillStyle = "rgba(211,211,216,0.5)";
ctx.clearRect(0, 0, canvasInitialWidth, canvasInitialHeight);
ctx.fillStyle = "rgba(0,0,0, 0.4)";
ctx.fillRect(0, 0, canvasInitialWidth, canvasInitialHeight);
return canvas;
}登入後複製
有了這張canvas你就可以在你圖片所在區域肆意的操作了。首先，降整個區域畫上一個淺黑色的陰影，然後再擦除初始小方框區域裡面的顏色。然後給整個頁面添加mousedown，mousemove，mouseup事件，他們所做的功能就跟你在頁面中實現一個拖曳的功能類似，這裡重點說下mousemove裡面做的操作，代碼如下：
function mousemoveFunc(event) {
/* Act on the event */
var nowMouseX = event.clientX - clearCanvasObj.left;
var nowMouseY = event.clientY - clearCanvasObj.top;
if (nowMouseX >= clearCanvasObj.xStart && nowMouseX <= clearCanvasObj.xStart + clearCanvasObj.width && nowMouseY >= clearCanvasObj.yStart && nowMouseY <= clearCanvasObj.yStart + clearCanvasObj.height) {
clearCanvasObj.isCanvasArea = true;
//clearCanvasObj.isRightCorner = false;
imgContainerCanvas.style.cursor = 'move';
} else if ((nowMouseX >= clearCanvasObj.xStart + clearCanvasObj.width - 10) && (nowMouseX <= clearCanvasObj.xStart+ clearCanvasObj.width + 10)
&& (nowMouseY >= clearCanvasObj.yStart + clearCanvasObj.height - 10) && (nowMouseY <= clearCanvasObj.yStart + clearCanvasObj.height + 10)) {
clearCanvasObj.isCanvasArea = true;
//clearCanvasObj.beginDraw = false;
imgContainerCanvas.style.cursor = 'se-resize';
}
else {
clearCanvasObj.isCanvasArea = false;
//clearCanvasObj.isRightCorner = false;
imgContainerCanvas.style.cursor = 'default';
}
var outerDomWidth = $(".imgContainer").width();
var outerDomHeight = $(".imgContainer").height();
var xDistance = event.clientX - clearCanvasObj.mouseX;
var yDistance = event.clientY - clearCanvasObj.mouseY;
//var outerCTX = canvas.getContext('2d');
//移动小方框
if (clearCanvasObj.beginDraw && clearCanvasObj.isCanvasArea && !clearCanvasObj.isRightCorner) {
ry_CTX.fillStyle = clearCanvasObj.color;
// console.log('1', clearCanvasObj.xStart, clearCanvasObj.yStart)
ry_CTX.fillRect(clearCanvasObj.xStart, clearCanvasObj.yStart, clearCanvasObj.width, clearCanvasObj.height);
//outerCTX.fillRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
clearCanvasObj.xStart += xDistance;
clearCanvasObj.yStart += yDistance;
//判断方框是否达到边界
if (clearCanvasObj.xStart <= 0) {
clearCanvasObj.xStart = 0;
}
if (clearCanvasObj.yStart <= 0) {
clearCanvasObj.yStart = 0;
}
if ((clearCanvasObj.xStart + clearCanvasObj.width) >= outerDomWidth) {
clearCanvasObj.xStart = outerDomWidth - clearCanvasObj.width;
}
if ((clearCanvasObj.yStart + clearCanvasObj.height) >= outerDomHeight) {
clearCanvasObj.yStart = outerDomHeight - clearCanvasObj.height;
}
// console.log('2', clearCanvasObj.xStart, clearCanvasObj.yStart)
ry_CTX.clearRect(clearCanvasObj.xStart, clearCanvasObj.yStart, clearCanvasObj.width, clearCanvasObj.height);
produceSmallPic(clearCanvasObj.xStart+clearCanvasObj.left, clearCanvasObj.yStart+clearCanvasObj.top, clearCanvasObj.width, clearCanvasObj.height, imageURL)
clearCanvasObj.mouseX = event.clientX;
clearCanvasObj.mouseY = event.clientY;
}
//拖拽小方框
if (clearCanvasObj.isRightCorner) {
ry_CTX.fillStyle = clearCanvasObj.color;
ry_CTX.fillRect(clearCanvasObj.xStart, clearCanvasObj.yStart, clearCanvasObj.width, clearCanvasObj.height);
var realDistance = Math.min(xDistance, yDistance)
clearCanvasObj.width += realDistance;
clearCanvasObj.height += realDistance;
//拖动时边界条件的判断
if (clearCanvasObj.xStart + clearCanvasObj.width >= outerDomWidth) {
clearCanvasObj.width = outerDomWidth - clearCanvasObj.xStart;
clearCanvasObj.height = outerDomWidth - clearCanvasObj.xStart;
}
if (clearCanvasObj.yStart + clearCanvasObj.height >= outerDomHeight) {
clearCanvasObj.width = outerDomHeight - clearCanvasObj.yStart;
clearCanvasObj.height = outerDomHeight - clearCanvasObj.yStart;
}
if (clearCanvasObj.width <= 10) {
clearCanvasObj.width = 10;
}
if (clearCanvasObj.height <= 10) {
clearCanvasObj.height = 10;
}
ry_CTX.clearRect(clearCanvasObj.xStart, clearCanvasObj.yStart, clearCanvasObj.width, clearCanvasObj.height);
produceSmallPic(clearCanvasObj.xStart+clearCanvasObj.left, clearCanvasObj.yStart+clearCanvasObj.top, clearCanvasObj.width, clearCanvasObj.height, imageURL);
clearCanvasObj.mouseX = event.clientX;
clearCanvasObj.mouseY = event.clientY;
}
}登入後複製
函數裡面，你需要注意拖曳的邊界條件，一個是方框不能拖到圖片所在DOM外的邊界；另外一個就是當你滑鼠放在小方框所在的區域改變滑鼠的樣式。方框在拖曳的過程中，我們不斷重繪方框移動的區域（也就是不斷的畫上陰影），然後在新的位置呼叫clearRect函數，重新擦出一個小方框出來。在拖曳或是拉伸的過程中，我們會不斷呼叫produceSmallPic函數，在右邊的容器（每個容器都是一個canvas）裡面不斷根據容器大小重繪出所需的頭像。程式碼如下：
function produceSmallPic(imageURL,left, top, width, height) {
var img = new Image();
img.src = imageURL;
var targetCtx = new Array();
var targetCanvas = null;
img.onload = function() {
portraitGroupsArr.forEach(function(item, index) {
targetCanvas = document.getElementById(item.class);
targetCtx.push(targetCanvas.getContext('2d'));
targetCtx[index].clearRect(0,0, item.width, item.height);
targetCtx[index].drawImage(img, left - clearCanvasObj.left, top - clearCanvasObj.top, width, height, 0, 0 , item.width, item.height);
})
}
}登入後複製
我們說下這個函數的作用，這裡我們要注意一個參數imageURL，這個URL是由圖片所在的DOM轉換來的。因為你要把DOM所在的區域變成一張圖片，這樣你才能在利用drawImage函數截取你所需要的區域。所以我們先利用html2canvas函式庫函數講圖片所在的DOM轉換成canvas，這張canvas的內容是包含你所要截取的圖片的，然後把這張canvas轉換成圖片取得圖片地址imageURL，程式碼如下：
html2canvas(document.getElementById('imgContainer'), {
onrendered: function(canvas) {
var imageURL = canvasTransToImage(canavs);
...
}
})
function canvasTransToImage(canvas) {
var imageURL = canvas.toDataURL('image/png');
return imageURL;
}登入後複製
接著，你就可以方便右邊的canvas容器，講圖片重回裡面了，整個過程就這樣結束，回頭看來是不是很簡單。
相信看了本文案例你已經掌握了方法，更多精彩請關注php中文網其它相關文章！
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以上是怎麼用canvas實作自訂頭像功能的詳細內容。更多資訊請關注PHP中文網其他相關文章！
