本文主要和大家分享mac下搭建php環境,最近工作環境切換到Mac,所以以OS X Yosemite(10.10.1)為例,記錄一下從零開始安裝Mac下LNMP環境的過程
確保系統已經安裝xcode,然後使用一行指令安裝依賴管理工具Homebrew。
ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"
之後就可以使用
brew install FORMULA
來安裝所需要的依賴了。
brew(意為釀酒)的命名很有意思,全部都使用了釀酒過程中採用的材料/器具,名詞對應以下的概念:
Formula(配方) 程式包定義,本質上是一個rb檔
Keg(桶)套件的安裝路徑
Cellar(地窖)所有程式包(桶)的根目錄
Tap(水龍頭)套件的來源
Bottle (瓶子)編譯打包好的套件
最終編譯安裝完畢的程式就是一桶釀造好的酒
#更詳細的資訊參考Homebrew的官方Cookbook
因此使用Homebrew常見的流程是:
增加一個程式來源(新增一個水龍頭) brew tap homebrew/php
更新程式來源 brew update
安裝程式包(依照配方釀酒) brew install git
#查看配置 brew config
可以看到套件預設安裝在/usr/local/Cellar
下(酒桶放在地窖內)
首先加入Homebrew官方的幾個軟體來源
brew tap homebrew/dupes brew tap homebrew/versions brew tap homebrew/php
PHP如果採用預設設定安裝,會編譯mod_php
模組並只運行在Apache環境下,為了使用Nginx,這裡需要編譯php-fpm並且停用apache,主要透過參數--without-fpm --without-apache
來實現。完整的安裝指令為
brew install php56 \ --build-from-source \ --without-snmp \ --without-apache \ --with-fpm \ --with-intl \ --with-homebrew-curl \ --with-homebrew-libxslt \ --with-homebrew-openssl \ --with-imap \ --with-mysql \ --with-tidy
由於OSX已經自帶了PHP環境,因此需要修改系統路徑,優先執行brew安裝的版本,在~/.bashrc
裡加入:
export PATH="/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:$PATH"
如果要安裝新的php擴展,可以直接安裝而不用每次重新編譯php,所有的擴展可以透過
brew search php56
看到,下面是我自己所需要的擴展,可以支持Phalcon框架:
brew install php56-memcache php56-memcached php56-mongo php56-phalcon php56-redis php56-xdebug --build-from-source
安裝完成後可以透過下列指令啟動和停止php-fpm
php-fpm -D killall php-fpm
同时可以将php-fpm加入开机启动
ln -sfv /usr/local/opt/php56/*.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents launchctl load ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.php56.plist
brew install nginx
安装完毕后可以通过
nginx nginx -s quit
启动和关闭,同时也支持重载配置文件等操作
nginx -s reload|reopen|stop|quit
nginx安装后默认监听8080端口,可以访问http://localhost:8080
查看状态。如果要想监听80端口需要root权限,运行
sudo chown root:wheel /usr/local/Cellar/nginx/1.6.2/bin/nginx sudo chmod u+s /usr/local/Cellar/nginx/1.6.2/bin/nginx
并使用root权限启动
sudo nginx
开机启动
ln -sfv /usr/local/opt/nginx/*.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents launchctl load ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist
Nginx一般都会运行多个域名,因此这里参考了@fish的方法,按Ubuntu的文件夹结构来存放Nginx的配置文件
mkdir -p /usr/local/var/logs/nginx mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-available mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/ssl
编辑Nginx全局配置
vim /usr/local/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
worker_processes 1; error_log /usr/local/var/logs/nginx/error.log debug; pid /usr/local/var/run/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 256; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] ' '"$request" $status $body_bytes_sent ' '"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" ' '"$http_x_forwarded_for" $host $request_time $upstream_response_time $scheme ' '$cookie_evalogin'; access_log /usr/local/var/logs/access.log main; sendfile on; keepalive_timeout 65; port_in_redirect off; include /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*; }
这样一来首先可以把一些可复用配置独立出来放在/usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d
下,比如fastcgi的设置就可以独立出来
vim /usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d/php-fpm
内容为
location ~ \.php$ { try_files $uri = 404; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_intercept_errors on; include /usr/local/etc/nginx/fastcgi.conf; }
然后/usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled
目录下可以一个文件对应一个域名的配置,比如web服务器目录是/opt/htdocs
vim /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default
server { listen 80; server_name localhost; root /opt/htdocs/; location / { index index.html index.htm index.php; include /usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d/php-fpm; } }
此时启动了php-fpm并且启动了Nginx后,就可以通过http://localhost
来运行php程序了
brew install mysql
可以通过
mysql.server start mysql.server stop
来启动/停止,启动后默认应为空密码,可以通过mysqladmin设置一个密码
mysqladmin -uroot password "mypassword"
但是在操作的时候出现了空密码无法登入的情况,最终只能通过mysqld_safe来设置
sudo mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables mysql -u root mysql> UPDATE mysql.user SET Password=PASSWORD('mypassword') WHERE User='root'; mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
最后将MySQL加入开机启动
cp /usr/local/Cellar/mysql/5.6.22/homebrew.mxcl.mysql.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents/
brew install memcached
启动/停止指令
memcached -d killall memcached
加入开机启动
cp /usr/local/Cellar/memcached/1.4.20/homebrew.mxcl.memcached.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents/
brew install redis
Redis默认配置文件不允许以Deamon方式运行,因此需要先修改配置文件
vim /usr/local/etc/redis.conf
将daemonize修改为yes,然后载入配置文件即可实现后台进程启动
redis-server /usr/local/etc/redis.conf
加入开机启动
cp /usr/local/Cellar/redis/2.8.19/homebrew.mxcl.redis.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents/
最后可以对所有服务的启动停止设置别名方便操作
vim ~/.bash_profile
加入
alias nginx.start='launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist' alias nginx.stop='launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist' alias nginx.restart='nginx.stop && nginx.start' alias php-fpm.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.php55.plist" alias php-fpm.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.php55.plist" alias php-fpm.restart='php-fpm.stop && php-fpm.start' alias mysql.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.mysql.plist" alias mysql.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.mysql.plist" alias mysql.restart='mysql.stop && mysql.start' alias redis.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.redis.plist" alias redis.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.redis.plist" alias redis.restart='redis.stop && redis.start' alias memcached.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.memcached.plist" alias memcached.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.memcached.plist" alias memcached.restart='memcached.stop && memcached.start'
brew install composer node
brew install zsh-completions chsh -s /usr/local/bin/zsh vim ~/.zshenv
加入内容
export PATH=/usr/local/bin:$PATH
然后
vim ~/.zshrc
加入内容
fpath=(/usr/local/share/zsh-completions $fpath) autoload -Uz compinit compinit -u
最后运行
rm -f ~/.zcompdump; compinit
查看正在使用的shell
dscl localhost -read Local/Default/Users/$USER UserShell
安装Oh My Zsh
wget https://github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/raw/master/tools/install.sh -O - | sh
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