Python Requests模擬登入實現圖書館座位自動預約-Python教學-PHP中文網

這篇文章主要為大家詳細介紹了Python Requests的模擬登錄，Python實現圖書館座位自動預約，具有一定的參考價值，感興趣的小伙伴們可以參考一下

本文實例為大家分享了Python實現圖書館座位自動預約的具體代碼，供大家參考，具體內容如下

配置

透過公網主機定時運行腳本，並發送郵件到自己的qq郵箱，這樣在微信就會有訊息提示是否預約成功

vim /etc/crontab

設定每到早上7: 01自動執行腳本即可

程式流程

(以yuyue.juneberry.cn網站為例)

get造訪登入頁面，取得cookie與表單裡面的隱藏post欄位
建構登入post數據，加入從表單裡面拿到的隱藏post欄位
#post建構後的數據，模擬登錄，啟動cookie(使cookie有登錄權限)
get存取座位預約介面，啟動cookie(使cookie有預約座位權限)
post預約請求，實現預約座位
解析回傳結果，判斷是否成功，並郵件提醒

要點

requests函式庫中的requests.session() 能夠建立可傳遞cookies的會話
#拿到的資料並傳送到post的資料中
抓包判斷網站邏輯，篩選出各個請求的參數，並在程式中實作

函數解釋

class FUCK()主類別
_get_date_str(self):取得目前日期，並加上一天，用這個函式建構url的特徵欄位（圖書館設定提前一天預約座位）
def _get_order_url(self):建構＂預約座位＂的post目標url
#def _get_static_post_attr:這個函數解析get請求的返回頁面，並從中提取出的字段，用於之後的構造post資料
def login(self):實作登入功能
def run(self):實現座位預約功能
def _is_success(self, text):判斷預約結果
def error_log_once( self, text='default error (once)'):
def error_log(self, text='default error'):這兩個函數設定程式狀態為＂已經出錯＂或＂未出錯＂狀態(用於自動化運作的時候避免將重複的錯誤訊息寫入日誌)
#def error_log( self, text='default error'):單次將錯誤訊息寫入本機日誌
sendmail.send_mail()郵件發送模組

程式碼及註解

# /bin/python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import time
import sys
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from mail import sendmail

__author__ = &#39;xy&#39;

# 主类
class FUCK():
 def __init__(self, username, password, seatNO, mailto):
 """
  以四个参数初始化，用户名，密码，要预约的座位号，接受预约结果提醒邮件的邮箱
 """
  self.username = username
  self.password = password
  self.seatNO = seatNO
  self.mailto = mailto
  self.base_url = &#39;http://yuyue.juneberry.cn&#39;
  self.login_url = &#39;http://yuyue.juneberry.cn&#39;
  self.order_url = self._get_order_url()

  self.login_content = &#39;&#39;
  self.middle_content = &#39;&#39;
  self.final_content = &#39;&#39;

  self.s = requests.session() # 创建可传递cookies的会话

  # post data for login
  self.data1 = {
   &#39;subCmd&#39;: &#39;Login&#39;,
   &#39;txt_LoginID&#39;: self.username, # S+学号
   &#39;txt_Password&#39;: self.password, # 密码
   &#39;selSchool&#39;: 60, # 60表示北京交通大学
  }

  # post data for order a seat
  self.data2 = {
   &#39;subCmd&#39;: &#39;query&#39;,
  }

  # 自定义http头，然而我在程序里并没有使用
  self.headers = {
   &#39;Connection&#39;: &#39;keep-alive&#39;,
   &#39;Content-Type&#39;: &#39;application/x-www-form-urlencoded&#39;,
  }

  self.login()
  self.run()
  self._is_success(self.final_content)

  # 怀疑程序出错时，取消下行注释，可打印一些参数
  # self._debug()

 def _get_date_str(self):
  s = time.localtime(time.time())
  ########333
  date_str = str(s.tm_year) + &#39;%2f&#39; + str(s.tm_mon) + &#39;%2f&#39; + str(s.tm_mday + 1)
  date_str = date_str.replace(&#39;%2f1%2f32&#39;, &#39;%2f2%2f1&#39;) \
   .replace(&#39;%2f2%2f29&#39;, &#39;%2f3%2f1&#39;) \
   .replace(&#39;%2f3%2f32&#39;, &#39;%2f4%2f1&#39;) \
   .replace(&#39;%2f4%2f31&#39;, &#39;%2f5%2f1&#39;) \
   .replace(&#39;%2f5%2f32&#39;, &#39;%2f6%2f1&#39;) \
   .replace(&#39;%2f6%2f31&#39;, &#39;%2f7%2f1&#39;) \
   .replace(&#39;%2f7%2f32&#39;, &#39;%2f8%2f1&#39;) \
   .replace(&#39;%2f8%2f32&#39;, &#39;%2f9%2f1&#39;) \
   .replace(&#39;%2f9%2f31&#39;, &#39;%2f10%2f1&#39;) \
   .replace(&#39;%2f10%2f32&#39;, &#39;%2f11%2f1&#39;) \
   .replace(&#39;%2f11%2f31&#39;, &#39;%2f12%2f1&#39;) \
   .replace(&#39;%2f12%2f32&#39;, &#39;%2f1%2f1&#39;)
  return date_str

 def _get_order_url(self):
  return "http://yuyue.juneberry.cn/BookSeat/BookSeatMessage.aspx?seatNo=101001" + self.seatNO + "&seatShortNo=01" + self.seatNO + "&roomNo=101001&date=" + self._get_date_str()

 def _get_static_post_attr(self, page_content, data_dict):
  """
  拿到<input type=&#39;hidden&#39;>的post参数，并添加到post_data中
  """
  soup = BeautifulSoup(page_content, "html.parser")
  for each in soup.find_all(&#39;input&#39;):
   if &#39;value&#39; in each.attrs and &#39;name&#39; in each.attrs:
    data_dict[each[&#39;name&#39;]] = each[&#39;value&#39;] # 添加到login的post_data中
    # self.data2[each[&#39;name&#39;]] = each[&#39;value&#39;] # 添加到order的post_data中
  return data_dict

 def _debug(self):

  print self.order_url
  print self.data1
  print self.data2
  print self.headers
  print self.s.cookies

  # print self.login_content
  # print self.middle_content
  print self.final_content

 def login(self):
  homepage_content = self.s.get(self.base_url).content
  self.data1 = self._get_static_post_attr(homepage_content, self.data1)
  r = self.s.post(self.login_url, self.data1)
  self.login_content = r.content

 def run(self):

  # 这个get的意思是：原先的cookie没有预约权限，
  # 访问这个get之后，会使cookie拥有预约权限，从而执行下一个post
  self.middle_content = self.s.get(&#39;http://yuyue.juneberry.cn/BookSeat/BookSeatListForm.aspx&#39;).content

  # 经测试，这个post只需要一个subCmd的参数就可以正常返回，因此不必根据get内容更新post参数
  # self.data2 = self._get_static_post_attr(middle_content, self.data2)

  # 这个post请求完成了预约功能！
  r = self.s.post(self.order_url, self.data2)

  self.final_content = r.content

 def _is_success(self, text):
  """
  接受最终的html内容，判断是否成功，并触发日志记录和邮件提醒
  """
  if &#39;<h5 id="MessageTip">已经存在有效的预约记录。</h5>&#39; in text:
   self.clear_error_once(&#39;[done!] You already ordered a seat!&#39;)
  elif &#39;<h5 id="MessageTip">选择的日期不允许预约。</h5>&#39; in text:
   self.clear_error_once(&#39;[done!] Date is wrong!&#39;)
  elif &#39;<h5 id="MessageTip">所选座位已经被预约。</h5>&#39; in text:
   self.clear_error_once(&#39;[done!] This seat is not available, maybe taken by others!&#39;)
  elif &#39;<h5 id="MessageTip">座位预约成功&#39; in text:
   self.clear_error_once(&#39;[done!] Success! An email is sending to you!&#39;)
   sendmail.send_mail(&#39;BJTU Library Seat_NO:&#39; + self.seatNO + &#39;ordered!&#39;,
        &#39;Sending by robot. Do not reply this mail!&#39;, self.mailto)
  else:
   self.error_log_once(&#39;Error! 302 to login page&#39;)

 def error_log_once(self, text=&#39;default error (once)&#39;):
  try:
   is_error_file = open(&#39;./isopen_xy.txt&#39;, &#39;r&#39;)
  except:
   is_error_file = open(&#39;./isopen_xy.txt&#39;, &#39;w&#39;)
  if &#39;1&#39; not in is_error_file.read():
   print &#39;writting error to log...&#39;
   self.error_log(text)
  else:
   print &#39;already written to log&#39;
  is_error_file.close()
  sendmail.send_mail(&#39;BJTU_Library system error once !&#39;, &#39;error text!&#39;)

 def error_log(self, text=&#39;default error&#39;):
  is_error_file = open(&#39;./isopen_xy.txt&#39;, &#39;w&#39;)
  is_error_file.write(&#39;1\n&#39;)
  is_error_file.close()

  f = open("./log_xy.txt", &#39;a&#39;)
  f.write(time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %X", time.localtime()) + text + &#39;\n&#39;)
  f.close()

 def clear_error_once(self, text=&#39;success&#39;):
  print text
  is_error_file = open(&#39;./isopen_xy.txt&#39;, &#39;w&#39;)
  is_error_file.write(&#39;0\n&#39;)
  is_error_file.close()


if __name__ == &#39;__main__&#39;:
 if len(sys.argv) < 5:
  print &#39;Usage: python library.py [username] [password] [seat_NO] [email]&#39;
  print &#39;eg. python library.py S13280001 123456 003 XXXX@qq.com\n&#39;
  print &#39;Any problems, mail to: i[at]cdxy.me&#39;
  print &#39;#-*- Edit by cdxy 16.03.24 -*-&#39;
  sys.exit(0)
 else:
  FUCK(sys.argv[1], sys.argv[2], sys.argv[3], sys.argv[4])

登入後複製