這篇文章帶給大家的內容是關於django開發之mongodb的配置與使用，有一定的參考價值，有需要的朋友可以參考一下，希望對你有幫助。
今天整理了一下在django專案中如何使用mongodb, 環境如下：ubuntu18.04, django2.0.5, drf3.9, mongoengine0.16
第一步：在settings.py中設定mongodb和mysql,配置如下(可以同時使用mysql和mongodb):
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql', # 数据库引擎
'NAME': 'django_test2', # 你要存储数据的库名，事先要创建之
'USER': 'root', # 数据库用户名
'PASSWORD': 'wyzane', # 密码
'HOST': 'localhost', # 主机
'PORT': '3306', # 数据库使用的端口
},
'mongotest': {
'ENGINE': None,
}
}
import mongoengine
# 连接mongodb中数据库名称为mongotest5的数据库
conn = mongoengine.connect("mongotest")第二步：向mongodb插入資料
1、插入json類型資料
models.py: import mongoengine class StudentModel(mongoengine.Document): name = mongoengine.StringField(max_length=32) age = mongoengine.IntField() password = mongoengine.StringField(max_length=32) views.py: from rest_framework.views import APIView class FirstMongoView(APIView): def post(self, request): name = request.data["name"] age = request.data["age"] password = request.data["password"] StudentModel.objects.create(name=name, age=age, password=password) return Response(dict(msg="OK", code=10000))
插入資料格式為:
{
"name": "nihao",
"age": 18,
"password": "123456"
}2、插入含有list的json資料
models.py: import mongoengine class Student2Model(mongoengine.Document): name = mongoengine.StringField(max_length=32) # 用于存储list类型的数据 score = mongoengine.ListField() views.py: from rest_framework.views import APIView class FirstMongo2View(APIView): def post(self, request): name = request.data["name"] score = request.data["score"] Student2Model.objects.create(name=name, score=score) return Response(dict(msg="OK", code=10000))
插入資料格式為：
{
"name": "test",
"score": [12, 13]
}3、插入含有dict和list的複雜json資料
models.py: import mongoengine class Student3Model(mongoengine.Document): name = mongoengine.StringField(max_length=32) # DictField用于存储字典类型的数据 score = mongoengine.DictField() views.py: from rest_framework.views import APIView class FirstMongo3View(APIView): def post(self, request): name = request.data["name"] score = request.data["score"] Student3Model.objects.create(name=name, score=score) return Response(dict(msg="OK", code=10000))
插入資料格式為:
{
"name": "test",
"score": {"xiaoming": 12, "xiaoli": 13}
}
或者:
{
"name": "test",
"score": {"xiaoming": 12, "xiaoli": {"xiaozhao": 14}}
}
或者:
{
"name": "test",
"score": {"xiaoming": 12, "xiaoli": {"xiaozhao": {"xiaoliu": 12, "xiaojian": 18}}}
}
或者:
{
"name": "test",
"score": {"xiaoming": 12, "xiaoli": {"xiaozhao": {"xiaoliu": 12, "xiaojian": [12,13,14]}}}
}第三步：查詢mongodb中的資料
1、查詢並序列化複雜json資料
serializers.py: class StudentSerializer(serializers.Serializer): name = serializers.CharField() score = serializers.DictField() # 序列化复杂的json数据 # DictField与EmbeddedDocumentField类似，但是比EmbeddedDocumentField更灵活 views.py: class FirstMongo4View(APIView): def get(self, request): student_info = Student3Model.objects.all() # 增加过滤条件 # student_info = Student3Model.objects.filter(name="test1") ser = StudentSerializer(instance=student_info, many=True) return Response(dict(msg="OK", code="10000", data=ser.data))
2.序列化mongodb中包含巢狀關係的兩個document
models.py:
class AuthorModel(mongoengine.EmbeddedDocument):
author_name = mongoengine.StringField(max_length=32)
age = mongoengine.IntField()
class BookModel(mongoengine.Document):
book_name = mongoengine.StringField(max_length=64)
publish = mongoengine.DateTimeField(default=datetime.datetime.utcnow())
words = mongoengine.IntField()
author = mongoengine.EmbeddedDocumentField(AuthorModel)
serializers.py: 序列化时注意与rest_framework的序列化中DictField()的区别
from rest_framework_mongoengine import serializers as s1
class AuthorSerializer(s1.DocumentSerializer):
# DocumentSerializer继承自drf中的ModelSerializer，用于代替ModelSerializer序列化mongodb中的document.
# 具体可以到官网上查看
class Meta:
model = AuthorModel
fields = ('author_name', 'age')
class BookSerializer(s1.DocumentSerializer):
author = AuthorSerializer()
class Meta:
model = BookModel
fields = ('book_name', 'publish', 'words', 'author')
AuthorSerializer还可以这样写:
class AuthorSerializer(s1.EmbeddedDocumentSerializer):
# EmbeddedDocumentSerializer继承了DocumentSerializer
class Meta:
model = AuthorModel
fields = ('author_name', 'age')
views.py:
class BookView(APIView):
def get(self, request):
"""
查询数据
:param request:
:return:
"""
books = BookModel.objects.all()
ser = BookSerializer(instance=books, many=True)
return Response(dict(msg="OK", code="10000", data=ser.data))序列化mongodb中相關聯的兩個表時，如果序列化器繼承自rest_framework中的Serializer和ModelSerializer ，會拋出以下異常：
Django serialization to JSON error: 'MetaDict' object has no attribute 'concrete_model'
此時，序列化器需要繼承自rest_framework_mongoengine的類，具體可以查看官網：
http://umutbozkurt.github.io/...
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