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JDBC簡介
JDBC全稱為:Java Data Base Connectivity (java資料庫連接),可以為多種資料庫提供填統一的訪問。 JDBC是sun開發的一套資料庫存取程式設計接口,是一種SQL級的API。它是由java語言編寫完成,所以具有很好的跨平台特性,使用JDBC編寫的資料庫應用程式可以在任何支援java的平台上運行,而不必在不同的平台上編寫不同的應用程式。 【影片教學推薦:Java教學】
JDBC程式設計步驟
(1)載入驅動程式:
下載驅動包: http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/connector/j/
解壓縮,得到jar檔。將該檔案複製到Java工程目錄Java Resources/Libraries/ 下,→ buildpath 。
(2)取得資料庫連線
(3)建立Statement物件:
(4)傳送SQL指令
#111 )處理資料庫的回傳結果(ResultSet類別)
package com.baidu.emp.jdbcTest; import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.DriverManager; import java.sql.ResultSet; import java.sql.Statement; import com.mysql.jdbc.Driver; /** * 开始使用jdbc连接数据库 * @author Admin * */ public class Test001 { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { /** * 加载驱动 */ // 方法一: /* * import java.sql.DriverManager; import com.mysql.jdbc.Driver; */ // Driver driver = new Driver(); // DriverManager.registerDriver(driver); // 方法二:(推荐使用) Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"); /** * 创建链接 */ String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/testjdbc"; String user = "root"; String password = "root"; Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password); // 创建statement对象 Statement statement = connection.createStatement(); /** * 执行SQL,获取结果集 */ String sql = "select * from test01"; ResultSet result = statement.executeQuery(sql); // 遍历结果集 while (result.next()) { String name = result.getString("name"); int id = result.getInt("id"); System.out.println(name + "\t" + id); } /** * 关闭链接,释放资源 */ result.close(); statement.close(); connection.close(); } }
package com.boya.emp.jdbcTest; import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.DriverManager; import java.sql.PreparedStatement; import java.sql.ResultSet; /** * SQL注入,使用prepareStatement对象进行预编译 * @author Admin * */ public class Test002 { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { /** * 加载驱动 */ Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"); /** * 创建链接 */ String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/testjdbc"; String user = "root"; String password = "root"; Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password); // 写SQL String sql = "select * from test01 where id = ?"; //创建statement对象,预编译 PreparedStatement statement = connection.prepareStatement(sql); //设置参数 statement.setInt(1, 2); /** * 执行SQL,获取结果集 */ ResultSet result = statement.executeQuery(); // 遍历结果集 while (result.next()) { String name = result.getString("name"); int id = result.getInt("id"); System.out.println(name + "\t" + id); } /** * 关闭链接,释放资源 */ result.close(); statement.close(); connection.close(); } }
driverName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/testjdbc userName=root password=root
package com.baidu.emp.utils; import java.io.InputStream; import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.DriverManager; import java.sql.PreparedStatement; import java.sql.ResultSet; import java.sql.SQLException; import java.util.Properties; import org.junit.Test; public class JdbcUtils { static String driverClassName; static String url; static String user; static String password; static { // 创建配置文件对象 Properties properties = new Properties(); // 加载配置文件输入流 InputStream inputStream = JdbcUtils.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("jdbc.properties"); // 重新加载配置文件 try { properties.load(inputStream); // 获取配置文件的值 driverClassName = properties.getProperty("driverName"); url = properties.getProperty("url"); user = properties.getProperty("userName"); password = properties.getProperty("password"); Class.forName(driverClassName); } catch (Exception e) { // 抛出异常 throw new RuntimeException(e); } } /** * 获取连接 */ @Test public void testName() throws Exception { System.out.println(driverClassName); } public static Connection getConnection() { Connection connection = null; try { connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password); } catch (SQLException e) { // 抛出异常 throw new RuntimeException(e); } return connection; } /** * 关闭链接,释放资源 */ public static void close(Connection connection, PreparedStatement statement, ResultSet resultSet) { try { if (resultSet != null) { resultSet.close(); } resultSet = null; // 垃圾及时清除 //注意,不要弄成死循环 close(connection, statement); } catch (SQLException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } } /** * 增删改释放资源 */ public static void close(Connection connection, PreparedStatement statement) { try { if (connection != null) { connection.close(); } connection = null; if (statement != null) { statement.close(); } statement = null; } catch (SQLException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } } }
package com.baidu.emp.jdbcTest; import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.PreparedStatement; import java.sql.ResultSet; import org.junit.After; import org.junit.Before; import org.junit.Test; import com.baidu.emp.utils.JdbcUtils; /** * 使用jdbcUtils连接数据库进行增删改查 * * @author Admin * */ public class Test003 { // 初始化值 Connection connection = null; PreparedStatement statement = null; ResultSet result = null; @Before public void start() throws Exception { // 创建链接 connection = JdbcUtils.getConnection(); System.out.println("创建链接"); } @After public void end() throws Exception { // 关闭链接 JdbcUtils.close(connection, statement, result); System.out.println("关闭链接"); } /** *插入数据 * @throws Exception */ @Test public void add() throws Exception { String sql = "insert into test01 values(null,?)"; statement = connection.prepareStatement(sql); statement.setString(1, "李四"); int result = statement.executeUpdate(); if (result!=0) { System.out.println("添加成功"); } } /** * 删除数据 * @throws Exception */ @Test public void del() throws Exception { String sql = "delete from test01 where id =?"; statement = connection.prepareStatement(sql); statement.setInt(1,3); int result = statement.executeUpdate(); if (result!=0) { System.out.println("删除成功"); } } /** * 修改数据 * @throws Exception */ @Test public void change() throws Exception { String sql = "update test01 set name = ? where id = ?"; statement = connection.prepareStatement(sql); statement.setString(1, "张飞"); statement.setInt(2, 2); int result = statement.executeUpdate(); if (result!=0) { System.out.println("修改成功"); } } /** * 查询全部数据 * @throws Exception */ @Test public void findAll() throws Exception { String sql = "select id , name from test01"; statement = connection.prepareStatement(sql); result = statement.executeQuery(); if (result.next()) { System.out.println("查询成功"); } } /** * 条件查询数据 * @throws Exception */ @Test public void findOne() throws Exception { String sql = "select id , name from test01 where id = ?"; statement = connection.prepareStatement(sql); statement.setInt(1, 2); result = statement.executeQuery(); if (result.next()) { System.out.println("查询成功"); } } }
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