其實每次爬東西的時候,就怕IP被封,所以每次都要把時間延遲設定得長一點...這次用Python搭建一個簡單的代理池。取得代理IP,然後驗證其有效性。不過結果好像不是很理想,為什麼西刺代理的高匿代理都能用? ? ?不是說免費代理商不好使嗎?真的是黑人問號臉...
#NO.1 代理程式取得
01 網頁分析透過點擊西刺代理國內高匿代理,得到網頁資訊。
取得IP位址、連接埠、是否匿名、類型、速度。
02 取得代理資訊這裡記得一定要設定隨機選取headers以及睡眠時間,因為我就沒有設定,然後就被封了.. .
import time import requests from bs4 import BeautifulSoup headers = { 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36' } for i in range(1, 36): time.sleep(2) print('第' + str(i) + '页') url = 'http://www.xicidaili.com/nn/' + str(i) response = requests.get(url=url, headers=headers) soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'html.parser') all_trs = soup.find_all('tr') for tr in all_trs[1:]: all_tds = tr.find_all('td') ip = all_tds[1].get_text() port = all_tds[2].get_text() anonymous = all_tds[4].get_text() type = all_tds[5].get_text() for j in all_tds[6].find_all("div", attrs={"class": "bar"}): speed = j.get('title') with open('ip.csv', 'a+', encoding='utf-8-sig') as f: f.write(ip + ',' + port + ',' + anonymous + ',' + type + ',' + speed + '\n')
隨機取得使用者代理程式的程式碼,上面是沒加下這個函數的(結果就是被封,不過第二天又能用啦)
def get_user_agent(): ''' 随机获取一个用户代理 ''' user_agents=[ "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; AcooBrowser; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0; Acoo Browser; SLCC1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 5.0; .NET CLR 3.0.04506)", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; AOL 9.5; AOLBuild 4337.35; Windows NT 5.1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 9.0; en-US)", "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; Trident/5.0; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 6.0)", "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/4.0; WOW64; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 1.0.3705; .NET CLR 1.1.4322)", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0b; Windows NT 5.2; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; InfoPath.2; .NET CLR 3.0.04506.30)", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN) AppleWebKit/523.15 (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.3 (Change: 287 c9dfb30)", "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux; en-US) AppleWebKit/527+ (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.6", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.8.1.2pre) Gecko/20070215 K-Ninja/2.1.1", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN; rv:1.9) Gecko/20080705 Firefox/3.0 Kapiko/3.0", "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux i686; U;) Gecko/20070322 Kazehakase/0.4.5", "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.9.0.8) Gecko Fedora/1.9.0.8-1.fc10 Kazehakase/0.5.6", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.56 Safari/535.11", "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_3) AppleWebKit/535.20 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1036.7 Safari/535.20", "Opera/9.80 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6.8; U; fr) Presto/2.9.168 Version/11.52", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.11 TaoBrowser/2.0 Safari/536.11", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.71 Safari/537.1 LBBROWSER", "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; LBBROWSER)", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; LBBROWSER)", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.84 Safari/535.11 LBBROWSER", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)", "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; QQBrowser/7.0.3698.400)", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; 360SE)", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.89 Safari/537.1", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.89 Safari/537.1", "Mozilla/5.0 (iPad; U; CPU OS 4_2_1 like Mac OS X; zh-cn) AppleWebKit/533.17.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.2 Mobile/8C148 Safari/6533.18.5", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; rv:2.0b13pre) Gecko/20110307 Firefox/4.0b13pre", "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:16.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/16.0", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/23.0.1271.64 Safari/537.11", "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux x86_64; zh-CN; rv:1.9.2.10) Gecko/20100922 Ubuntu/10.10 (maverick) Firefox/3.6.10" ] # random.choice返回列表的随机项 user_agent = random.choice(user_agents) return user_agent # random.randint产生随机整数 time.sleep(2 + float(random.randint(1, 100)) / 20)
NO.2代理驗證
#透過驗證發現大部分都能用,不知道真的假的。 網址用的之前識別驗證碼的那個網站,如雲閣小說網。200個只有2個無效,不科學~
import pandas as pd import numpy as np import requests import time df = pd.read_csv('ip.csv', header=None, names=["ip", "port", "anonymous", "proxy_type", "speed"]) proxy_types = ["{}".format(i) for i in np.array(df['proxy_type'])] ips = ["{}".format(i) for i in np.array(df['ip'])] ports = ["{}".format(i) for i in np.array(df['port'])] proxy_url = ['{0}://{1}:{2}'.format(proxy_types[i], ips[i], ports[i]) for i in range(len(ips))] proxy_type = ['{}'.format(i) for i in proxy_types] for i in range(200): time.sleep(1) proxies = { proxy_type[i]: proxy_url[i] } try: response = requests.get('http://www.quanben9.com/', proxies=proxies) except Exception as e: print('invalid ip and port') else: code = response.status_code if code == 200: print('effective ip') with open('effective_ip.csv', 'a+', encoding='utf-8-sig') as f: f.write(proxy_type[i] + ',' + proxy_url[i] + '\n') else: print('invalid ip and port')
#NO.3小結
IP協定:網際協議,作用是把各種封包傳送給對方(兩個重要的條件,IP位址和MAC位址)。 IP位址:指明了節點被指派的位址。 連接埠:連接埠是透過連接埠號碼來標記的,連接埠號碼只有整數,範圍是從0到65535。一個IP位址的連接埠有65536個,「IP位址 連接埠號碼」區分不同的服務(Web、FTP、SMTP)。 HTTP:超文本傳輸協議,完成從客戶端到伺服器端等一系列運作流程。 HTTPS:新增了加密及認證機制的HTTP。 老實說,之前我對IP位址、連接埠、HTTP、HTTPS,是一點不了解的。 最近在看圖解HTTP,算是對它們有所了解,但是還只是那麼一點點,任重而道遠。 【推薦課程:Python欄位課程
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