LRU是Least Recently Used 的縮寫，翻譯過來就是“最近最少使用”，LRU快取就是使用這種原理實現，簡單的說就是緩存一定量的數據，當超過設定的閾值時就把一些過期的資料刪除掉。
例如我們快取10000條數據，當數據小於10000時可以隨意添加，當超過10000時就需要把新的數據添加進來，同時要把過期數據刪除，以確保我們最大緩存10000條，那要怎麼確定刪除哪一條過期資料呢，採用LRU演算法實現的話就是將最老的資料刪掉。
下面來說下Java版的LRU快取實作：（建議：java影片教學）
Java裡面實作LRU快取通常有兩種選擇，一種是使用LinkedHashMap，一種是自己設計資料結構，使用鍊錶HashMap
LRU Cache的LinkedHashMap實作
LinkedHashMap本身已經實現了順序存儲，預設是按照元素的添加順序存儲，也可以啟用按照訪問順序存儲，即最近讀取的數據放在最前面，最早讀取的數據放在最後面，然後它還有一個判斷是否刪除最舊數據的方法，預設是回傳false，即不刪除資料。
我們使用LinkedHashMap實作LRU快取的方法就是對LinkedHashMap實作簡單的擴展，擴展方式有兩種，一種是inheritance，一種是delegation。
//LinkedHashMap的一个构造函数，当参数accessOrder为true时，即会按照访问顺序排序，最近访问的放在最前，最早访问的放在后面
public LinkedHashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor, boolean accessOrder) {
super(initialCapacity, loadFactor);
this.accessOrder = accessOrder;
}
//LinkedHashMap自带的判断是否删除最老的元素方法，默认返回false，即不删除老数据
//我们要做的就是重写这个方法，当满足一定条件时删除老数据
protected boolean removeEldestEntry(Map.Entry<K,V> eldest) {
return false;
}LRU快取LinkedHashMap(inheritance)實作
採用inheritance方式實作比較簡單，而且實作了Map接口，在多執行緒環境使用時可以使用 Collections.synchronizedMap()方法實現線程安全操作
package cn.lzrabbit.structure.lru;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* Created by liuzhao on 14-5-15.
*/
public class LRUCache2<K, V> extends LinkedHashMap<K, V> {
private final int MAX_CACHE_SIZE;
public LRUCache2(int cacheSize) {
super((int) Math.ceil(cacheSize / 0.75) + 1, 0.75f, true);
MAX_CACHE_SIZE = cacheSize;
}
@Override
protected boolean removeEldestEntry(Map.Entry eldest) {
return size() > MAX_CACHE_SIZE;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for (Map.Entry<K, V> entry : entrySet()) {
sb.append(String.format("%s:%s ", entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));
}
return sb.toString();
}
}這樣算是比較標準的實現吧，實際使用中這樣寫還是有些繁瑣，更實用的方法時像下面這樣寫，省去了單獨見一個類別的麻煩
final int cacheSize = 100;
Map<String, String> map = new LinkedHashMap<String, String>((int) Math.ceil(cacheSize / 0.75f) + 1, 0.75f, true) {
@Override
protected boolean removeEldestEntry(Map.Entry<String, String> eldest) {
return size() > cacheSize;
}
};LRU快取LinkedHashMap(delegation)實作
delegation方式實作更優雅一些，但是由於沒有實作Map接口，所以執行緒同步就需要自己搞定了
package cn.lzrabbit.structure.lru;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
/**
* Created by liuzhao on 14-5-13.
*/
public class LRUCache3<K, V> {
private final int MAX_CACHE_SIZE;
private final float DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR = 0.75f;
LinkedHashMap<K, V> map;
public LRUCache3(int cacheSize) {
MAX_CACHE_SIZE = cacheSize;
//根据cacheSize和加载因子计算hashmap的capactiy，+1确保当达到cacheSize上限时不会触发hashmap的扩容，
int capacity = (int) Math.ceil(MAX_CACHE_SIZE / DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR) + 1;
map = new LinkedHashMap(capacity, DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR, true) {
@Override
protected boolean removeEldestEntry(Map.Entry eldest) {
return size() > MAX_CACHE_SIZE;
}
};
}
public synchronized void put(K key, V value) {
map.put(key, value);
}
public synchronized V get(K key) {
return map.get(key);
}
public synchronized void remove(K key) {
map.remove(key);
}
public synchronized Set<Map.Entry<K, V>> getAll() {
return map.entrySet();
}
public synchronized int size() {
return map.size();
}
public synchronized void clear() {
map.clear();
}
@Override
public String toString() {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for (Map.Entry entry : map.entrySet()) {
sb.append(String.format("%s:%s ", entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));
}
return sb.toString();
}
}LRU Cache的鍊錶HashMap實作
## 注：此實作為非執行緒安全，若在多執行緒環境下使用需要在相關方法上新增synchronized以實作執行緒安全操作package cn.lzrabbit.structure.lru;
import java.util.HashMap;
/**
* Created by liuzhao on 14-5-12.
*/
public class LRUCache1<K, V> {
private final int MAX_CACHE_SIZE;
private Entry first;
private Entry last;
private HashMap<K, Entry<K, V>> hashMap;
public LRUCache1(int cacheSize) {
MAX_CACHE_SIZE = cacheSize;
hashMap = new HashMap<K, Entry<K, V>>();
}
public void put(K key, V value) {
Entry entry = getEntry(key);
if (entry == null) {
if (hashMap.size() >= MAX_CACHE_SIZE) {
hashMap.remove(last.key);
removeLast();
}
entry = new Entry();
entry.key = key;
}
entry.value = value;
moveToFirst(entry);
hashMap.put(key, entry);
}
public V get(K key) {
Entry<K, V> entry = getEntry(key);
if (entry == null) return null;
moveToFirst(entry);
return entry.value;
}
public void remove(K key) {
Entry entry = getEntry(key);
if (entry != null) {
if (entry.pre != null) entry.pre.next = entry.next;
if (entry.next != null) entry.next.pre = entry.pre;
if (entry == first) first = entry.next;
if (entry == last) last = entry.pre;
}
hashMap.remove(key);
}
private void moveToFirst(Entry entry) {
if (entry == first) return;
if (entry.pre != null) entry.pre.next = entry.next;
if (entry.next != null) entry.next.pre = entry.pre;
if (entry == last) last = last.pre;
if (first == null || last == null) {
first = last = entry;
return;
}
entry.next = first;
first.pre = entry;
first = entry;
entry.pre = null;
}
private void removeLast() {
if (last != null) {
last = last.pre;
if (last == null) first = null;
else last.next = null;
}
}
private Entry<K, V> getEntry(K key) {
return hashMap.get(key);
}
@Override
public String toString() {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
Entry entry = first;
while (entry != null) {
sb.append(String.format("%s:%s ", entry.key, entry.value));
entry = entry.next;
}
return sb.toString();
}
class Entry<K, V> {
public Entry pre;
public Entry next;
public K key;
public V value;
}
}LinkedHashMap的FIFO實作
FIFO是First Input First Output的縮寫，也就是常說的先入先出，預設情況下LinkedHashMap就是按照添加順序保存，我們只需重寫一下removeEldestEntry方法即可輕鬆實現一個FIFO緩存，簡化版的實現代碼如下final int cacheSize = 5;
LinkedHashMap<Integer, String> lru = new LinkedHashMap<Integer, String>() {
@Override
protected boolean removeEldestEntry(Map.Entry<Integer, String> eldest) {
return size() > cacheSize;
}
};呼叫範例
測試程式碼package cn.lzrabbit.structure.lru;
import cn.lzrabbit.ITest;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* Created by liuzhao on 14-5-15.
*/
public class LRUCacheTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
System.out.println("start...");
lruCache1();
lruCache2();
lruCache3();
lruCache4();
System.out.println("over...");
}
static void lruCache1() {
System.out.println();
System.out.println("===========================LRU 链表实现===========================");
LRUCache1<Integer, String> lru = new LRUCache1(5);
lru.put(1, "11");
lru.put(2, "11");
lru.put(3, "11");
lru.put(4, "11");
lru.put(5, "11");
System.out.println(lru.toString());
lru.put(6, "66");
lru.get(2);
lru.put(7, "77");
lru.get(4);
System.out.println(lru.toString());
System.out.println();
}
static <T> void lruCache2() {
System.out.println();
System.out.println("===========================LRU LinkedHashMap(inheritance)实现===========================");
LRUCache2<Integer, String> lru = new LRUCache2(5);
lru.put(1, "11");
lru.put(2, "11");
lru.put(3, "11");
lru.put(4, "11");
lru.put(5, "11");
System.out.println(lru.toString());
lru.put(6, "66");
lru.get(2);
lru.put(7, "77");
lru.get(4);
System.out.println(lru.toString());
System.out.println();
}
static void lruCache3() {
System.out.println();
System.out.println("===========================LRU LinkedHashMap(delegation)实现===========================");
LRUCache3<Integer, String> lru = new LRUCache3(5);
lru.put(1, "11");
lru.put(2, "11");
lru.put(3, "11");
lru.put(4, "11");
lru.put(5, "11");
System.out.println(lru.toString());
lru.put(6, "66");
lru.get(2);
lru.put(7, "77");
lru.get(4);
System.out.println(lru.toString());
System.out.println();
}
static void lruCache4() {
System.out.println();
System.out.println("===========================FIFO LinkedHashMap默认实现===========================");
final int cacheSize = 5;
LinkedHashMap<Integer, String> lru = new LinkedHashMap<Integer, String>() {
@Override
protected boolean removeEldestEntry(Map.Entry<Integer, String> eldest) {
return size() > cacheSize;
}
};
lru.put(1, "11");
lru.put(2, "11");
lru.put(3, "11");
lru.put(4, "11");
lru.put(5, "11");
System.out.println(lru.toString());
lru.put(6, "66");
lru.get(2);
lru.put(7, "77");
lru.get(4);
System.out.println(lru.toString());
System.out.println();
}
}"C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_10\bin\java" -Didea.launcher.port=7535 "-Didea.launcher.bin.path=C:\Program Files (x86)\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 13.0.2\bin" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath "C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_10\jre\lib\charsets.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_10\jre\lib\deploy.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_10\jre\lib\javaws.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_10\jre\lib\jce.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_10\jre\lib\jsse.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_10\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_10\jre\lib\plugin.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_10\jre\lib\resources.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_10\jre\lib\rt.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_10\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_10\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_10\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_10\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_10\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;D:\SVN\projects\Java\Java.Algorithm\target\test-classes;D:\SVN\projects\Java\Java.Algorithm\target\classes;C:\Program Files (x86)\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 13.0.2\lib\idea_rt.jar" com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain Main
start...
===========================LRU 链表实现===========================
5:11 4:11 3:11 2:11 1:11
4:11 7:77 2:11 6:66 5:11
===========================LRU LinkedHashMap(inheritance)实现===========================
1:11 2:11 3:11 4:11 5:11
5:11 6:66 2:11 7:77 4:11
===========================LRU LinkedHashMap(delegation)实现===========================
1:11 2:11 3:11 4:11 5:11
5:11 6:66 2:11 7:77 4:11
===========================FIFO LinkedHashMap默认实现===========================
{1=11, 2=11, 3=11, 4=11, 5=11}
{3=11, 4=11, 5=11, 6=66, 7=77}
over...
Process finished with exit code 0java基礎教學專欄。
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