linux下如何安裝oracle 11g資料庫?以下這篇文章跟大家介紹一下linux下安裝和設定oracle 11g資料庫。有一定的參考價值,有需要的朋友可以參考一下,希望對大家有幫助。
linux下命令列安裝oracle 11g資料庫
本次安裝的基本環境:vmware中安裝centos6.10(虛擬機器安裝這裡就不做介紹了)
虛擬機器需求:記憶體推薦2G以上
#需要下載Linux版本下對應的oracle安裝套件:
下載網址:http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/index.html
對應的oracle版本:
linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
.zip課程推薦:《
linux課程(1)設定係統:Oracle 只支援作業系統Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6,故需將/etc/redhat-release中的內容改成Red Hat[root@Oracle ~]# vi /etc/redhat-release
#CentOS release 6.10 (Final)
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
[root@Oracle ~]# cat /etc/selinux/config //selinux关闭(disabled) # This file controls the state of SELinux on the system. # SELINUX= can take one of these three values: # enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced. # permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing. # disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded. SELINUX=disabled # SELINUXTYPE= can take one of these two values: # targeted - Targeted processes are protected, # mls - Multi Level Security protection. SELINUXTYPE=targeted [root@Oracle ~]# /etc/init.d/iptables stop //防火墙关闭 [root@Oracle ~]# vi /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 ::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6 192.168.152.130 Oracle //新增行:IP 机器名(这是我的ip和主机名)
(3)修改使用者的限製檔
[root@Oracle ~]# cat /etc/security/limits.conf //在该文件内添加以下内容 oracle soft nproc 2047 oracle hard nproc 16384 oracle soft nofile 1024 oracle hard nofile 65536 oracle soft stack 10240
(4)修改內核參數
[root@Oracle ~]# cat /etc/sysctl.conf //在文件中添加以下内容 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range= 9000 65500 fs.file-max = 6815744 kernel.shmall = 10523004 kernel.shmmax = 6465333657 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100128 net.core.rmem_default=262144 net.core.wmem_default=262144 net.core.rmem_max=4194304 net.core.wmem_max=1048576 fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 [root@Oracle ~]# sysctl –p // 执行这条语句使配置生效
(5)依賴套件安裝
[root@Oracle ~]# yum -y install binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33*.i686 elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc*.i686 glibc glibc-devel glibc-devel*.i686 ksh libgcc*.i686 libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++*.i686 libstdc++-devel libstdc++-devel*.i686 libaio libaio*.i686 libaio-devel libaio-devel*.i686 make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC*.i686 unixODBC-devel unixODBC-devel*.i686 libXp
3、建立使用者、群組,安裝目錄
[root@Oracle ~]# groupadd oinstall [root@Oracle ~]# groupadd dba [root@Oracle ~]# groupadd oper [root@Oracle ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle [root@Oracle ~]# echo "oracle" | passwd --stdin oracle [root@Oracle ~]# id oracle //查看用户所属组 uid=501(oracle) gid=501(oinstall) groups=501(oinstall),502(dba),503(oper)
(2)新安裝目錄
[root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /var/app [root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /var/app/oracle [root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /var/app/oracle/product [root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0 [root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 [root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /home/oracle/backup [root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /home/oracle/oraInventory [root@Oracle ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /var/app [root@Oracle ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/backup [root@Oracle ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/oraInventory [root@Oracle ~]# chmod -R 775 /var/app
(3)設定並刷新環境變數
[root@Oracle ~]# cat /home/oracle/.bash_profile //给该文件添加以下内容 umask 022 export ORACLE_BASE=/var/app export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 export ORACLE_SID=ora11g export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib [root@Oracle ~]# source /home/oracle/.bash_profile //执行该句使配置生效
4、安裝Oracle
[root@Oracle ~]# cp linux.x64_11gR2_database_*.zip /var/app/oracle/
(2)切換到oracle用戶,解壓縮安裝包
[root@Oracle ~]# su - oracle [oracle@Oracle ~]$ cd /var/app/oracle/ [oracle@Oracle oracle]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip [oracle@Oracle oracle]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
解壓縮後得到database目錄,其中response目錄裡面有三個rsp文件,用來作為靜默安裝時應答文件的模板。分別為:
[oracle@Oracle response]$ ls -l total 76 -rw-rw-r-- 1 oracle oinstall 44960 Aug 8 17:10 dbca.rsp //安装应答 -rw-rw-r-- 1 oracle oinstall 22752 Aug 8 14:23 db_install.rsp //创建数据库应答 -rwxrwxr-x 1 oracle oinstall 5740 Feb 26 2009 netca.rsp //建立监听,本地服务名等网络设置
(5)修改設定文件,安裝Oracle資料庫
[oracle@Oracle database]$ cp /var/app/oracle/database/response/ /home/oracle/ //备份
(6)修改後的靜默安裝設定檔db_install.rsp內容如下:
[root@db response]# cat db_install.rsp | grep -v '^#' | grep -v '^$' oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0 oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY ORACLE_HOSTNAME=db UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall INVENTORY_LOCATION=/var/app/oracle/oraInventory SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN ORACLE_HOME=/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 ORACLE_BASE=/var/app/oracle oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false oracle.install.db.customComponents=oracle.server:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.sysman.ccr:10.2.7.0.0,oracle.xdk:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.oci:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.network:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.network.listener:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.options:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.1.0,orcle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.1.0 oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=ora11g oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=ora11g oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8 oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=true oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=1500 oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableSecuritySettings=true oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSMAN= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB_CONTROL oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.gridcontrol.gridControlServiceURL= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.enableEmailNotification=false oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.emailAddress= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.SMTPServer= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=false oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.osuid= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.ospwd= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation= oracle.install.db.config.asm.diskGroup= oracle.install.db.config.asm.ASMSNMPPassword= MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME= MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD= SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT= DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true PROXY_HOST= PROXY_PORT= PROXY_USER= PROXY_PWD=
(7)開始靜默安裝
[oracle@Oracle database]$ cd /var/app/oracle/database [oracle@Oracle database]$ ./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /var/app/oracle/database/response/db_install.rsp
(8)查看安裝進度
[oracle@Oracle database]$ cd /var/app/oracle/oraInventory/logs [oracle@Oracle logs]$ tail -f installActions*log
(9)當出現以下資訊時
var/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh To execute the configuration scripts: 1. Open a terminal window 2. Log in as "root" 3. Run the scripts 4. Return to this window and hit "Enter" key to continue Successfully Setup Software.
開啟新的客戶端使用root身分執行以下腳本
[root@Oracle ~]# var/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh [root@Oracle ~]# var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh
(10)執行完上面的腳本後回到安裝介面按下Enter繼續。
5、設定Oracle監聽
[oracle@Oracle ~]$ cd /var/app/oracle/database/response [oracle@Oracle response]$ netca /silent /responsefile /var/app/oracle/database/response/netca.rsp
成功之後,在/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/ network/admin目錄下會產生sqlnet.ora和listener.ora兩個檔案
[oracle@Oracle admin]$ ls listener.ora samples shrept.lst sqlnet.ora tnsnames.ora
執行下列指令查看監聽器是否已經在1521埠上開始工作了
[root@Oracle ~]# netstat -tlnp | grep 1521 tcp 0 0 :::1521 :::* LISTEN 1792/tnslsnr
如果監聽沒有啟動,則手動啟動監聽器
[oracle@Oracle ~]$ lsnrctl start
(2)配置Oracle資料庫
[oracle@Oracle response]$ pwd /var/app/oracle/database/response [oracle@Oracle response]$ vi dbca.rsp GDBNAME = "orcl11.us.oracle.com" //78 行 全局数据库的名字=SID+主机域名 SID="ora11g" //149行 SID SYSPASSWORD = "oracle" //190行 SYSTEMPASSWORD = "oracle" //200行 CHARACTERSET="AL32UTF8" //415行 编码 NATIONALCHARACTERSET="UTF8" //425行 编码
(3)建立資料庫
[oracle@Oracle ~]$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -responseFile /var/app/oracle/database/response/dbca.rsp
6、啟動資料庫
[oracle@Oracle ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL> startup ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initora11g.ora'
启动时会出现以上错误,解决方法如下:找到init.ora.78201817526文件,将其复制到/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs目录下
[oracle@Oracle admin]$ locate init.ora //定位寻找目标文件 /var/app/admin/orcl11g/pfile/init.ora.78201817526 //目标文件 /var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/init.ora /var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/srvm/admin/init.ora [oracle@Oracle admin]$ cd /var/app/admin/orcl11g/pfile/ [oracle@Oracle pfile]$ ls init.ora.78201817526 [oracle@Oracle pfile]$ cp init.ora.78201817526 /var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/ [oracle@Oracle dbs]$ mv init.ora.78201817526 initora11g.ora //将目标文件改成所需文件名
进入到Oracle SQL命令行中,执行startup
[oracle@Oracle ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri Aug 10 01:59:43 2018 Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options SQL> startup //启动数据库实例 ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 839282688 bytes Fixed Size 2217992 bytes Variable Size 494929912 bytes Database Buffers 339738624 bytes Redo Buffers 2396160 bytes Database mounted. Database opened.
相关推荐:《Linux运维》
以上是linux下如何安裝oracle 11g資料庫?的詳細內容。更多資訊請關注PHP中文網其他相關文章!