PHP如何匯入有圖片的Excel表格呢？圖片又如何匯出到Excel呢？匯出的Excel如何定義樣式使其更加漂亮？下面這篇文章就來給大家一一解決，希望對大家有幫助！
Excel 是常用的資料整理統計的工具，通常在一些資訊化平台中為了更好的實現無紙化或上雲，需要對辦公資料進行遷移，從辦公室電腦遷移到平台上，又或將平台上的資料下載下來給非開發人員使用，勢必會涉及到資料的匯入匯出，而資料格式非Excel 則不可。
本文將結合實際的開發需求，總結開發過程中 Excel 的匯入和匯出，涉及的開發框架：
在部署上，對於Excel中圖片較多的數據，需要加長逾時或運行時間及增加上傳大小限制
程式碼倉庫：https://github.com/QuintionTang/crayon-thinkphp
public function excel_import(){
$usedfor = empty($_GET['usedfor']) ? 'picture' : trim($_GET['usedfor']);
$used_for = $usedfor;
import('ORG.Net.UploadFile');
$upload = $this->_upload_init(new \Org\Net\UploadFile(),$usedfor);// 实例化上传类
$attach = array();
$attachment = array();
$attach["success"] = 0;
$info = "";
if(!$upload->upload()) { // 上传错误提示错误信息
$upload_error = $upload->getErrorMsg();
$attach["msg"] = $upload_error;
}else{ // 上传成功 获取上传文件信息
$info = $upload->getUploadFileInfo();
}
// 上传成功后开始处理
if(is_array($info)){
$info = $info[0];
// PHPExcel 类引入
import("Org.Util.PHPExcel");
import("Org.Util.PHPExcel.Reader.Excel5");
import("Org.Util.PHPExcel.Reader.Excel2007");
import("Org.Util.PHPExcel.IOFactory.php");
$filePath = $info["savepath"] . $info["savename"];
$input_file_type = \PHPExcel_IOFactory::identify($filePath);
// 开始读取Excel数据
$objExcel = new \PHPExcel();
$objReader = \PHPExcel_IOFactory::createReader($input_file_type);
// 加载Excel文件
$objPHPExcel = $objReader->load($filePath);
$objWorksheet = $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet();
$data = $objWorksheet->toArray();
$attach_path = C('attach_path');
$subpath = date('YmdHm', time());
// Excel图片存储路径
$imageFileRealPath = $attach_path . "excel_img/".$subpath ."/" ;
mkdirs($imageFileRealPath);
$i = 0;
$rebarRows = array();
// 下面开始处理图片
foreach ($objWorksheet->getDrawingCollection() as $img) {
list($startColumn, $startRow) = \PHPExcel_Cell::coordinateFromString($img->getCoordinates()); //获取图片所在行和列
$imageFileName = uniqid();
try {
switch($img->getExtension()) {
case 'jpg':
case 'jpeg':
$imageFileName .= '.jpeg';
$source = imagecreatefromjpeg($img->getPath());
imagejpeg($source, $imageFileRealPath.$imageFileName,100);
break;
case 'gif':
$imageFileName .= '.gif';
$source = imagecreatefromgif($img->getPath());
$width = imagesx($source);
$height = imagesy($source);
if (function_exists("imagecreatetruecolor")) {
$newImg = imagecreatetruecolor($width, $height);
/* --- 用以处理缩放png图透明背景变黑色问题开始 --- */
$color = imagecolorallocate($newImg,255,255,255);
imagecolortransparent($newImg,$color);
imagefill($newImg,0,0,$color);
ImageCopyResampled($newImg, $source, 0, 0, 0, 0, $width, $height, $width, $height);
} else {
$newImg = imagecreate($width, $height);
ImageCopyResized($newImg, $source, 0, 0, 0, 0, $width, $height, $width, $height);
}
imagejpeg($source, $imageFileRealPath.$imageFileName,100);
break;
case 'png':
$imageFileName .= '.png';
$source = imagecreatefrompng($img->getPath());
$width = imagesx($source);
$height = imagesy($source);
if (function_exists("imagecreatetruecolor")) {
$newImg = imagecreatetruecolor($width, $height);
/* --- 用以处理缩放png图透明背景变黑色问题开始 --- */
$color = imagecolorallocate($newImg,255,255,255);
imagecolortransparent($newImg,$color);
imagefill($newImg,0,0,$color);
ImageCopyResampled($newImg, $source, 0, 0, 0, 0, $width, $height, $width, $height);
} else {
$newImg = imagecreate($width, $height);
ImageCopyResized($newImg, $source, 0, 0, 0, 0, $width, $height, $width, $height);
}
imagejpeg($newImg, $imageFileRealPath.$imageFileName,100);
break;
}
$startColumn = $this->ABC2decimal($startColumn);
$data[$startRow-1][$startColumn] = $imageFileRealPath . $imageFileName;
} catch (\Throwable $th) {
throw $th;
}
}
$rowsData = array();
foreach ($data as $key => $rowData) {
$serial = safty_value($rowData[0],0,'intval'); // 第一列 序号
$title = safty_value($rowData[1],'','trim'); // 第二列 名称
$logo_save_path = safty_value($rowData[2],'','trim'); // logo图形保存路径
$remark = safty_value($rowData[3],'','trim'); //备注
if ($serial >0 && $logo_save_path!=="" && $title!==""){
array_push($rowsData,array(
"serial"=>$serial,
"title"=>$title,
"logo_path"=>$logo_save_path,
"remark"=>$remark
));
}
}
// 将导入的数据生成文件缓存
$this->update_excel_data($rowsData);
$upload_result = array(
"count" => count($rowsData),
"success" => 1,
"state"=>"SUCCESS"
);
} else {
$upload_result = array(
"message" => "上传失败!",
"success" => 0
);
}
echo json_encode($upload_result);
}下面是操作流程，如下：
選擇檔案上傳並匯入，匯出成功之後提示並刷目前清單頁面。
#至此，資料匯入已經完成了。
匯出
$first_cells = array(
array("serial","序号"),
array("title","名称"),
array("logo","logo"),
array("remark","描述")
);
接下來就是按照表頭的格式，封裝數據，如下：foreach ($excel_data as $key => $row_info) {
array_push($first_rows_data,array(
"serial"=>$row_info['serial'],
"title"=>$row_info['title'],
"logo"=>$row_info['logo_path'],
"remark"=>$row_info['remark']
));
}至此，資料封裝已經完成，完整程式碼如下： public function export(){
$excel_detail = array(
"author"=>"devpoint",
"date"=>join(" ",$artifacts_full)
);
// 定义导出Excel表格信息
$sheets = array(); // Excel表信息，一维代表一个数据表
// 定义表头
$first_cells = array(
array("serial","序号"),
array("title","名称"),
array("logo","logo"),
array("remark","描述")
);
// 为表增加数据
$excel_data = get_file_cache("excel_data");
$first_rows_data = array();
// 数据与上面表头对应
foreach ($excel_data as $key => $row_info) {
array_push($first_rows_data,array(
"serial"=>$row_info['serial'],
"title"=>$row_info['title'],
"logo"=>$row_info['logo_path'],
"remark"=>$row_info['remark']
));
}
array_push($sheets,array(
"title"=>"前端项目流行框架",
"cells"=>$first_cells,
"rows"=>$first_rows_data
));
$xlsName = "Excel数据导出";
$xlsName = $xlsName . date('YmdHis');
$this->exportExcel($xlsName,$sheets,$excel_detail);
}
protected function exportExcel($expTitle,$xlsSheets,$detail){
import("Org.Util.PHPExcel");
import("Org.Util.PHPExcel.Writer.Excel5");
import("Org.Util.PHPExcel.IOFactory.php");
$fileName = $expTitle;
$objPHPExcel = new \PHPExcel();
$objPHPExcel->getDefaultStyle()->getFont()->setName('宋体');
// Excel列名称
$cellName = array(
'A','B','C','D','E','F','G','H','I','J','K','L','M','N','O','P','Q','R','S','T','U',
'V','W','X','Y','Z','AA','AB','AC','AD','AE','AF','AG','AH','AI','AJ','AK','AL','AM',
'AN','AO','AP','AQ','AR','AS','AT','AU','AV','AW','AX','AY','AZ'
);
foreach ($xlsSheets as $index => $sheet_info) {
$sheet_title = $sheet_info['title'];
if ($index>0){
// Excel默认已经建好的数据表，超过一张需要执行这里创建一个工作表
$newSheet = new \PHPExcel_Worksheet($objPHPExcel, $sheet_title); //创建一个工作表
$objPHPExcel->addSheet($newSheet);
} else {
$objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet($index)->setTitle($sheet_title);
}
$expCellName = $sheet_info['cells'];
$expTableData = $sheet_info['rows'];
$cellNum = count($expCellName);
$dataNum = count($expTableData);
$cellmerget = "";
$cellWidths = array();
$sheet_head_title = $sheet_title;
// 下面需要为每个工作表定义宽度
switch ($index) {
case 1: // 每张表的索引从 0 开始计算
$cellmerget = 'A1:E1';
$cellWidths=array(16,16,16,28,16);
break;
default:
$cellmerget = 'A1:D1';
$sheet_head_title = $sheet_title ;
$cellWidths=array(16,16,16,36);
break;
}
$activeSheet = $objPHPExcel->setActiveSheetIndex($index);
for($i=0;$i<$cellNum;$i++){
$currentCellName = $cellName[$i];
$activeSheet->getRowDimension(1)->setRowHeight(36);
$activeSheet->getColumnDimension($currentCellName)->setWidth($cellWidths[$i]);
$activeSheet->getStyle($currentCellName.'1')->getFont()->setSize(12)->setBold(true);
$activeSheet->getStyle($currentCellName.'1')->getAlignment()->setVertical(\PHPExcel_Style_Alignment::VERTICAL_CENTER);
}
$activeSheet->mergeCells($cellmerget);//合并单元格
$activeSheet->setCellValue('A1', $sheet_head_title);
$activeSheet->getStyle('A1')->getAlignment()->setHorizontal(\PHPExcel_Style_Alignment::HORIZONTAL_CENTER);
$activeSheet->getStyle('A1')->getFont()->setSize(20);
$activeSheet->getRowDimension(1)->setRowHeight(50);
$styleThinBlackBorderOutline = array(
'borders' => array (
'outline' => array (
'style' => \PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_MEDIUM, //设置border样式
'color' => array ('argb' => 'FF9b9b9b'), //设置border颜色
),
),
);
for($i=0;$i<$cellNum;$i++){
$currentCellName = $cellName[$i];
$activeSheet->getRowDimension(2)->setRowHeight(36);
$activeSheet->getColumnDimension($currentCellName)->setWidth($cellWidths[$i]);
$activeSheet->setCellValue($currentCellName.'2', $expCellName[$i][1]);
$activeSheet->getStyle($currentCellName.'2')->getFill()->setFillType(\PHPExcel_Style_Fill::FILL_SOLID);
$activeSheet->getStyle($currentCellName.'2')->getFill()->getStartColor()->setARGB('FFc6efcd');
$activeSheet->getStyle($currentCellName.'2')->getFont()->setSize(12)->setBold(true);
$activeSheet->getStyle($currentCellName.'2')->applyFromArray($styleThinBlackBorderOutline);
$activeSheet->getStyle($currentCellName.'2')->getAlignment()->setVertical(\PHPExcel_Style_Alignment::VERTICAL_CENTER);
$activeSheet->freezePane($currentCellName.'3'); // 锁定表头，3 意味着锁定第3行上面的
}
switch ($index) {
case 1:
break;
default:
$start_row_index = 3; // 数据开始索引行
for($i1=0;$i1<$dataNum;$i1++){
$objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getRowDimension($i1+3)->setRowHeight(60);
for($j1=0;$j1<$cellNum;$j1++){
if ($j1===2){
$logo_path = $expTableData[$i1][$expCellName[$j1][0]];
if ($logo_path!=="" && file_exists($logo_path)){
$objDrawing = new \PHPExcel_Worksheet_Drawing();
$objDrawing->setPath($logo_path);
$objDrawing->setHeight(60);
$objDrawing->setWidth(60);
$objDrawing->setOffsetX(5);
$objDrawing->setOffsetY(5);
$objDrawing->setCoordinates($cellName[$j1].($i1+$start_row_index));
$objDrawing->setWorksheet($objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet());
} else {
$objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->setCellValue($cellName[$j1].($i1+$start_row_index), "");
$objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getStyle($cellName[$j1].($i1+$start_row_index))->getAlignment()->setVertical(\PHPExcel_Style_Alignment::VERTICAL_CENTER);
$objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getStyle($cellName[$j1].($i1+$start_row_index))->getAlignment()->setHorizontal(\PHPExcel_Style_Alignment::HORIZONTAL_LEFT);
$objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getStyle($cellName[$j1].($i1+$start_row_index))->getAlignment()->setWrapText(true);
}
} else {
$objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->setCellValue($cellName[$j1].($i1+$start_row_index), $expTableData[$i1][$expCellName[$j1][0]]);
$objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getStyle($cellName[$j1].($i1+$start_row_index))->getAlignment()->setVertical(\PHPExcel_Style_Alignment::VERTICAL_CENTER);
$objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getStyle($cellName[$j1].($i1+$start_row_index))->getAlignment()->setHorizontal(\PHPExcel_Style_Alignment::HORIZONTAL_LEFT);
$objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getStyle($cellName[$j1].($i1+$start_row_index))->getAlignment()->setWrapText(true);
}
}
}
break;
}
}
$objPHPExcel->setActiveSheetIndex(0);
header('pragma:public');
header('Content-type:application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet;charset=utf-8;name="'.$fileName.'.xlsx"');
header("Content-Disposition:attachment;filename=$fileName.xlsx"); // attachment新窗口打印inline本窗口打印
$objWriter = \PHPExcel_IOFactory::createWriter($objPHPExcel, 'Excel2007');
$objWriter->save('php://output');
exit;
}匯出後面的格式如下：
鎖定表頭
鎖定表頭是Excel比較常見的功能，可以方便查閱者查閱數據，使用phpExcel 設定表頭的程式碼如下：
$activeSheet->freezePane($currentCellName.'3'); // 3 意味着锁定第3行上面的行数
上面的程式碼設定表格邊框樣式的程式碼為
\PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_MEDIUM，在phpExcel
14
個設定選用項目。
PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_NONE; PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_THIN; PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_MEDIUM; PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_DASHED; PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_DOTTED; PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_THICK; PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_DOUBLE; PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_HAIR; PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_MEDIUMDASHED; PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_DASHDOT; PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_MEDIUMDASHDOT; PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_DASHDOTDOT; PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_MEDIUMDASHDOTDOT; PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_SLANTDASHDOT;
1. BORDER_NONE
對應的完整組態項目為
\PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_THIN
#
\PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_MEDIUM
\PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_DASHED
#
\PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_DOTTED
\PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_THICK
\PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_DOUBLE
\PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_HAIR
9. BORDER_MEDIUMDASHED
\PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_MEDIUMDASHED
10. BORDER_DASHDOT
\PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_DASHDOT
11. BORDER_MEDIUMDASHDOT
\PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_MEDIUMDASHDOT
12. BORDER_DASHDOTDOT
\PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_DASHDOTDOT
13. BORDER_MEDIUMDASHDOTDOT
\PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_MEDIUMDASHDOTDOT
14. BORDER_SLANTDASHDOT
\PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_SLANTDASHDOT
部署
在部署上，通常的架构是 nginx + php-fpm，对于Excel中图片比较多的数据导入需要设置加大上传文件的限制和超时时间。
在文件上传上，通常会出现 413 request Entity too Large 错误，解决的办法是在 nginx 配置中增加以下配置：
client_max_body_size 2048m;
相应的 PHP 配置也需要修改，需要修改 php.ini ：
upload_max_filesize = 2048M post_max_size = 2048M
Excel数据导入，通常会触发504错误，这种情况一般是执行时间太短，涉及的 nginx 配置：
fastcgi_connect_timeout 600;
php-fpm 中的 www.conf
request_terminate_timeout = 1800
环境问题个人觉得是后台开发经常发生的，最佳的方式是实际运行出一个最佳的配置，将其制作成 docker 镜像，这样可以确保环境迁移或者其他场合需要，可以快速完成环境配置，而且不容易出问题。
原文地址：https://juejin.cn/post/6982953271933550628
作者：天行无忌
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