Bootstrap中怎麼加入導航工具列?以下這篇文章跟大家介紹一下Bootstrap5導航工具條(Navbar)組件的用法,希望對大家有幫助!
Bootstrap導航工具列(Navbar)與上一節學習的導航比,功能強大,且是響應式的,結構包括包括品牌、導航、表單等,以及針對折疊插件的支援。 【相關推薦:《bootstrap教學》】
在開始使用導覽條之前,您需要了解以下內容:
<!doctype html> <html lang="zh-CN"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta name="keywords" content=""> <meta name="description" content=""> <link href="bootstrap5/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <title>导航演示</title> </head> <body> <br><br> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light bg-light"> <div class="container-fluid"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://www.bootstrap.cn"><img src="pic/logo.jpg" height="60px" alt=""></a> <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#navbarSupportedContent" aria-controls="navbarSupportedContent" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarSupportedContent"> <ul class="navbar-nav me-auto mb-2 mb-lg-0"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link active" aria-current="page" href="#">首页</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="#">文档</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdown" role="button" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" aria-expanded="false"> 版本 </a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdown"> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Bootstrap 4</a></li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Bootstrap 5</a></li> <li><hr class="dropdown-divider"></li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="#">早期版本</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link disabled" href="#" tabindex="-1" aria-disabled="true">留言</a> </li> </ul> <form class="d-flex"> <input class="form-control me-2" type="search" placeholder="关键词" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-outline-success text-nowrap" type="submit">搜索</button> </form> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <script src="bootstrap5/bootstrap.bundle.min.js" ></script> </body> </html>
<!-- 可以放链接 --> <nav class="navbar navbar-light bg-light"> <div class="container-fluid"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Navbar</a> </div> </nav> <!-- 也可以放纯文本标签 --> <nav class="navbar navbar-light bg-light"> <div class="container-fluid"> <span class="navbar-brand mb-0 h1">Navbar</span> </div> </nav>
<nav class="navbar navbar-light bg-light"> <div class="container-fluid"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="#"> <img src="/static/doc5.0/assets/brand/bootstrap-logo.svg" alt="" width="30" style="max-width:90%" class="d-inline-block align-text-top"> Bootstrap </a> </div> </nav>
<!doctype html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta name="keywords" content=""> <meta name="description" content=""> <link href="bootstrap5/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <title>导航演示</title> </head> <body> <br><br> <div> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light bg-light"> <div> <a href="#">品牌</a> <button type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#navbarNav" aria-controls="navbarNav" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span></span> </button> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarNav"> <ul> <li> <a class="nav-link active" aria-current="page" href="#">首页</a> </li> <li> <a href="#">功能</a> </li> <li> <a href="#">价格</a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-link disabled" href="#" tabindex="-1" aria-disabled="true">Disabled</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <script src="bootstrap5/bootstrap.bundle.min.js" ></script> </body> </html>
<nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light bg-light"> <div class="container-fluid"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">品牌</a> <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#navbarNavAltMarkup" aria-controls="navbarNavAltMarkup" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarNavAltMarkup"> <div class="navbar-nav"> <a class="nav-link active" aria-current="page" href="#">首页</a> <a class="nav-link" href="#">功能</a> <a class="nav-link" href="#">价格</a> <a class="nav-link disabled" href="#" tabindex="-1" aria-disabled="true">Disabled</a> </div> </div> </div> </nav>
<!doctype html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta name="keywords" content=""> <meta name="description" content=""> <link href="bootstrap5/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <title>导航演示</title> </head> <body> <br><br> <div> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light bg-light"> <div> <a href="#">品牌</a> <button type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#navbarNavDropdown" aria-controls="navbarNavDropdown" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span></span> </button> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarNavDropdown"> <ul> <li> <a class="nav-link active" aria-current="page" href="#">首页</a> </li> <li> <a href="#">功能</a> </li> <li> <a href="#">价格</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownMenuLink" role="button" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" aria-expanded="false"> 下拉菜单 </a> <ul aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownMenuLink"> <li><a href="#">菜单一</a></li> <li><a href="#">菜单二</a></li> <li><a href="#">菜单三</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <script src="bootstrap5/bootstrap.bundle.min.js" ></script> </body> </html>
input群组也可以这样使用。如果导航条整个都是表单,或者大部分是表单,则可以使用form元素作为容器并保存HTML。
<!doctype html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta name="keywords" content=""> <meta name="description" content=""> <link href="bootstrap5/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <title>导航演示</title> </head> <body> <br><br> <div> <nav class="navbar navbar-light bg-light"> <form> <div> <span id="basic-addon1">@</span> <input type="text" placeholder="请输入用户名" aria-label="Username" aria-describedby="basic-addon1"> </div> </form> </nav> </div> <script src="bootstrap5/bootstrap.bundle.min.js" ></script> </body> </html>
表单导航条也支持各种按钮。这也大大的提醒了我们可以使用垂直对齐工具来对齐不同大小的元素。
<nav class="navbar navbar-light bg-light"> <form class="container-fluid justify-content-start"> <button class="btn btn-outline-success me-2" type="button">Main button</button> <button class="btn btn-sm btn-outline-secondary" type="button">Smaller button</button> </form> </nav>
透过.navbar-text导航条可以包含一些文本。该class调整了文本字串的垂直对齐和水平间距。貌似这个用的不多,直接拿官方例子。
<nav class="navbar navbar-light bg-light"> <div class="container-fluid"> <span class="navbar-text"> Navbar text with an inline element </span> </div> </nav>
根据需要与其他元件和通用类别混合使用。
<nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light bg-light"> <div class="container-fluid"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Navbar w/ text</a> <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#navbarText" aria-controls="navbarText" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarText"> <ul class="navbar-nav me-auto mb-2 mb-lg-0"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link active" aria-current="page" href="#">Home</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="#">Features</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="#">Pricing</a> </li> </ul> <span class="navbar-text"> Navbar text with an inline element </span> </div> </div> </nav>
由于主题class和background-color通用类别class的结合,主题化导航条从未如此简单。从navbar-light选用浅色背景颜色,或者navbar-dark用于深色背景颜色。然后,使用.bg-*
通用类别自定义。
<!doctype html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta name="keywords" content=""> <meta name="description" content=""> <link href="bootstrap5/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <title>导航演示</title> </head> <body> <br><br> <div> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-dark bg-dark"> <div> <a href="#">品牌</a> <button type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#navbarColor01" aria-controls="navbarColor01" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span></span> </button> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarColor01"> <ul class="navbar-nav me-auto mb-2 mb-lg-0"> <li> <a class="nav-link active" aria-current="page" href="#">首页</a> </li> <li> <a href="#">功能</a> </li> <li> <a href="#">价格</a> </li> <li> <a href="#">关于</a> </li> </ul> <form> <input class="form-control me-2" type="search" placeholder="输入关键词" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-outline-light text-nowrap" type="submit">搜索</button> </form> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-dark bg-primary"> <div> <a href="#">品牌</a> <button type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#navbarColor02" aria-controls="navbarColor02" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span></span> </button> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarColor02"> <ul class="navbar-nav me-auto mb-2 mb-lg-0"> <li> <a class="nav-link active" aria-current="page" href="#">首页</a> </li> <li> <a href="#">功能</a> </li> <li> <a href="#">价格</a> </li> <li> <a href="#">关于</a> </li> </ul> <form> <input class="form-control me-2" type="search" placeholder="输入关键词" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-outline-light text-nowrap" type="submit">搜索</button> </form> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light" style="background-color: #e3f2fd;"> <div> <a href="#">品牌</a> <button type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#navbarColor03" aria-controls="navbarColor03" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span></span> </button> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarColor03"> <ul class="navbar-nav me-auto mb-2 mb-lg-0"> <li> <a class="nav-link active" aria-current="page" href="#">首页</a> </li> <li> <a href="#">功能</a> </li> <li> <a href="#">价格</a> </li> <li> <a href="#">关于</a> </li> </ul> <form> <input class="form-control me-2" type="search" placeholder="输入关键词" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-outline-primary text-nowrap" type="submit">搜索</button> </form> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <script src="bootstrap5/bootstrap.bundle.min.js" ></script> </body> </html>
更多颜色在通用类>背景颜色中查看,在前面章节表格颜色中也有相关介绍。
虽然不是必需的,但您可以把导航条包装在.container中,将其置中于页面。您可以使用任意响应式容器以更改导航条中内容的显示宽度。这部分内容比较简单,我就不在演示了。
<nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light bg-light"> <div class="container-md"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Navbar</a> </div> </nav>
使用我们的定位通用类别将导航条放置在非静态位置。选择固定到顶部、固定到底部、或粘贴到顶部(会随着页面滚动,直到物件达到顶部,并停留在原处)。固定的导航条使用position:fixed,这意味着它们会脱离正常的DOM的文件流,并且可能需要自定义CSS(例如body上的padding-top),以防止与其他元素重叠。 还要注意.sticky-top使用position:sticky,并没有被所有浏览器支持。
<!doctype html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta name="keywords" content=""> <meta name="description" content=""> <link href="bootstrap5/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <title>导航演示</title> </head> <body> <br><br> <div> <nav class="navbar navbar-light bg-light"> <div> <a href="#">默认</a> </div> </nav> <nav class="navbar fixed-top navbar-light bg-light"> <div> <a href="#">固定到顶部</a> </div> </nav> <nav class="navbar fixed-bottom navbar-light bg-light"> <div> <a href="#">固定到底部</a> </div> </nav> <nav class="navbar sticky-top navbar-light bg-light"> <div> <a href="#">粘贴到顶部</a> </div> </nav> <div style="height: 600px;"></div> </div> <script src="bootstrap5/bootstrap.bundle.min.js" ></script> </body> </html>
向下拉动滚动条后变化
通过上面的例子我们可以看出
添加.navbar-nav-scroll到 .navbar-nav (或其他navbar子组件),以在折叠的navbar的可切换内容内启用垂直滚动。默认情况下,滚动以75vh(或75%的视口高度)启动,但您可以使用本地CSS自定义属性(--bs-navbar-height或自定义风格)覆盖该属性。在较大的视口中,当导航栏展开时,内容将显示为默认导航栏中的内容。
请注意,当设置overflow-y:auto(需要在此处滚动内容)时,这种行为可能会带来溢出的缺点,overflow-x相当于auto,它将裁剪一些水平内容。
以上是手册对此内容的解释,啰嗦了很多,其实很简单,直接看效果图就好了,说白了就是强制在移动状态下点击三道横线出现一个滚动条,俺老刘觉得这纯属多事。
<nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light bg-light"> <div class="container-fluid"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Navbar scroll</a> <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#navbarScroll" aria-controls="navbarScroll" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarScroll"> <ul class="navbar-nav me-auto my-2 my-lg-0 navbar-nav-scroll" style="--bs-scroll-height: 100px;"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link active" aria-current="page" href="#">Home</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="#">Link</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarScrollingDropdown" role="button" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" aria-expanded="false"> Link </a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarScrollingDropdown"> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Action</a></li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Another action</a></li> <li><hr class="dropdown-divider"></li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Something else here</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link disabled" href="#" tabindex="-1" aria-disabled="true">Link</a> </li> </ul> <form class="d-flex"> <input class="form-control me-2" type="search" placeholder="Search" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-outline-success" type="submit">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </nav>
导航条可以使用.navbar-toggler,.navbar-collapse和.navbar-expand{-sm|-md|-lg|-xl}决定它们的内容何时会摺叠。结合其他通用类别,您可以选择何时显示或隐藏特定元素。
对于不需要折叠的导航条,在导航条中加入.navbar-expand。对于总是折叠的导航条,不要加任何.navbar-expand class。
导航条的切换元素(toggler)预设情况下会对齐左边,但如果它们位于同层级的.navbar-brand后面,它们将自动和最右边对齐。反转您的标记将对调切换元素的位置。以下是不同切换元素样式的示例。
<nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light bg-light"> <div class="container-fluid"> <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#navbarTogglerDemo01" aria-controls="navbarTogglerDemo01" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarTogglerDemo01"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Hidden brand</a> <ul class="navbar-nav me-auto mb-2 mb-lg-0"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link active" aria-current="page" href="#">Home</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="#">Link</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link disabled" href="#" tabindex="-1" aria-disabled="true">Disabled</a> </li> </ul> <form class="d-flex"> <input class="form-control me-2" type="search" placeholder="Search" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-outline-success" type="submit">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </nav>
<nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light bg-light"> <div class="container-fluid"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Navbar</a> <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#navbarTogglerDemo02" aria-controls="navbarTogglerDemo02" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarTogglerDemo02"> <ul class="navbar-nav me-auto mb-2 mb-lg-0"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link active" aria-current="page" href="#">Home</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="#">Link</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link disabled" href="#" tabindex="-1" aria-disabled="true">Disabled</a> </li> </ul> <form class="d-flex"> <input class="form-control me-2" type="search" placeholder="Search" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-outline-success" type="submit">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </nav>
<nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light bg-light"> <div class="container-fluid"> <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#navbarTogglerDemo03" aria-controls="navbarTogglerDemo03" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Navbar</a> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarTogglerDemo03"> <ul class="navbar-nav me-auto mb-2 mb-lg-0"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link active" aria-current="page" href="#">Home</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="#">Link</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link disabled" href="#" tabindex="-1" aria-disabled="true">Disabled</a> </li> </ul> <form class="d-flex"> <input class="form-control me-2" type="search" placeholder="Search" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-outline-success" type="submit">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </nav>
有时会需要使用折叠插件来触发位于.navbar外的容器内容。因为插件是透过匹配id和data-bs-target来执行的,这将很容易完成! 这个很有意思,给个完整代码,自己试试看。
<!doctype html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta name="keywords" content=""> <meta name="description" content=""> <link href="bootstrap5/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <title>导航演示</title> </head> <body> <br><br> <div> <div id="navbarToggleExternalContent"> <div class="bg-dark p-4"> <h5 class="text-white h4">Collapsed content</h5> <span>Toggleable via the navbar brand.</span> </div> </div> <nav class="navbar navbar-dark bg-dark"> <div> <button type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#navbarToggleExternalContent" aria-controls="navbarToggleExternalContent" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span></span> </button> </div> </nav> </div> <script src="bootstrap5/bootstrap.bundle.min.js" ></script> </body> </html>
今天的课程就到这里,。请关注我,及时学习 俺老刘原创的《Bootstrap5零基础到精通》第14节 Bootstrap5滑动导航组件使用。
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