本篇文章帶大家了解一下angular中的HttpClientModule模組,介紹一下請求方法、請求參數、回應內容、攔截器、Angular Proxy等相關知識,希望對大家有幫助!
該模組用於發送 Http
請求,用於發送請求的方法都會傳回 Observable
物件。 【相關教學推薦:《angular教學》】
1)、介紹HttpClientModule 模組
#// app.module.ts import { httpClientModule } from '@angular/common/http'; imports: [ httpClientModule ]
2)、注入HttpClient 服務實例對象,用於發送請求
// app.component.ts import { HttpClient } from '@angular/common/http'; export class AppComponent { constructor(private http: HttpClient) {} }
3)、發送請求
import { HttpClient } from "@angular/common/http" export class AppComponent implements OnInit { constructor(private http: HttpClient) {} ngOnInit() { this.getUsers().subscribe(console.log) } getUsers() { return this.http.get("https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/users") } }
this.http.get(url [, options]); this.http.post(url, data [, options]); this.http.delete(url [, options]); this.http.put(url, data [, options]);
this.http.get<Post[]>('/getAllPosts') .subscribe(response => console.log(response))
1、HttpParams 類別
export declare class HttpParams { constructor(options?: HttpParamsOptions); has(param: string): boolean; get(param: string): string | null; getAll(param: string): string[] | null; keys(): string[]; append(param: string, value: string): HttpParams; set(param: string, value: string): HttpParams; delete(param: string, value?: string): HttpParams; toString(): string; }
2、HttpParamsOptions 介面
declare interface HttpParamsOptions { fromString?: string; fromObject?: { [param: string]: string | ReadonlyArray<string>; }; encoder?: HttpParameterCodec; }
3、使用範例
import { HttpParams } from '@angular/common/http'; let params = new HttpParams({ fromObject: {name: "zhangsan", age: "20"}}) params = params.append("sex", "male") let params = new HttpParams({ fromString: "name=zhangsan&age=20"})
請求頭字段的建立需要使用HttpHeaders 類,在類別實例物件下面有各種操作請求頭的方法。
export declare class HttpHeaders { constructor(headers?: string | { [name: string]: string | string[]; }); has(name: string): boolean; get(name: string): string | null; keys(): string[]; getAll(name: string): string[] | null; append(name: string, value: string | string[]): HttpHeaders; set(name: string, value: string | string[]): HttpHeaders; delete(name: string, value?: string | string[]): HttpHeaders; }
let headers = new HttpHeaders({ test: "Hello" })
declare type HttpObserve = 'body' | 'response'; // response 读取完整响应体 // body 读取服务器端返回的数据
this.http.get( "https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/users", { observe: "body" } ).subscribe(console.log)
攔截器是Angular 應用程式中全域擷取與修改HTTP 請求和回應的方式。 (Token、Error)
攔截器將只攔截使用 HttpClientModule 模組發出的請求。
ng g interceptor <name>
##6.1 請求攔截
@Injectable() export class AuthInterceptor implements HttpInterceptor { constructor() {} // 拦截方法 intercept( // unknown 指定请求体 (body) 的类型 request: HttpRequest<unknown>, next: HttpHandler // unknown 指定响应内容 (body) 的类型 ): Observable<HttpEvent<unknown>> { // 克隆并修改请求头 const req = request.clone({ setHeaders: { Authorization: "Bearer xxxxxxx" } }) // 通过回调函数将修改后的请求头回传给应用 return next.handle(req) } }
6.2 回應攔截
@Injectable() export class AuthInterceptor implements HttpInterceptor { constructor() {} // 拦截方法 intercept( request: HttpRequest<unknown>, next: HttpHandler ): Observable<any> { return next.handle(request).pipe( retry(2), catchError((error: HttpErrorResponse) => throwError(error)) ) } }
6.3 攔截器注入#
import { AuthInterceptor } from "./auth.interceptor" import { HTTP_INTERCEPTORS } from "@angular/common/http" @NgModule({ providers: [ { provide: HTTP_INTERCEPTORS, useClass: AuthInterceptor, multi: true } ] })
{ "/api/*": { "target": "http://localhost:3070", "secure": false, "changeOrigin": true } }
"scripts": { "start": "ng serve --proxy-config proxy.conf.json", }
"serve": { "options": { "proxyConfig": "proxy.conf.json" },
Http 請求,用於傳送請求的方法都會傳回
Observable 物件。
程式設計影片! !
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