推薦學習:Redis影片教學
*Sentinel 哨兵:這是一個分散式系統,該進程是用於監控Redis叢集中Master主伺服器的工作狀態,在Master主伺服器發生故障時,可以實現Master和Slave伺服器的秒級切換,確保系統有一個Master主伺服器,提供了Redis叢集的高可用,在Reids2.6.版本時被加入,到2.8版本之後得到了穩定
Redis哨兵和Redis主從的差異:
#(2)Redis哨兵的工作機制Redis哨兵:主伺服器故障後,會有一個從伺服器取代主伺服器
##Redis主從:主伺服器故障後,從伺服器不會做任何事
哨兵只需要部署在master主伺服器上即可
工作進程:
監控(Monitoring):哨兵透過流言協定(gossip protocols)會不斷檢查叢集中每一台伺服器是否運作正常
提醒(Notification):當哨兵監控的某個redis伺服器出現問題時,哨兵可以透過API(應用程式介面)向管理員或其他應用程式發送通知
(3)哨兵的三個定時監控任務# 自動故障轉移(Automatic failover):在叢集中如果有一個Master主伺服器發生故障時,哨兵會透過投票協定(Agreement Protocols)開始一次自動故障遷移操作,他會選擇一台資料較完整的Slave從伺服器升級為主伺服器,當客戶端試圖連接失效的Master主伺服器時,叢集也會向客戶端傳回新的Master主伺服器的位址,讓叢集可以使用現在的Master取代掉失效的Master。
Master和Slave切換後,Master的redis主設定檔、Slave的redis主設定檔和哨兵的設定檔的內容都會發生對應的改變,也就是原來的Master的redis主設定檔會多一行Slave伺服器的配置,之後哨兵的監控目標就會改變到現在的Master主伺服器上
每隔10秒,每個Sentinel節點會向主節點和從節點發送info指令取得Redis資料節點的資訊
作用:
透過向主節點執行info指令,取得從節點的信息,這也是為什麼Sentinel節點不需要明確設定監控從節點。當有新的從節點加入時都可以立刻感知出來,當節點不可達或故障轉移後,可以透過info指令即時更新節點拓樸資訊。
每隔1秒,每個Sentinel節點會向主節點、從節點、發送一條ping指令做一次心跳偵測,來確認這些節點目前是否可達如果主節點掛掉,那麼sentinel,就會從剩餘的從節點選擇一個資料比較完整來做主節點
二、部署Redis哨兵系統 (1)實驗環境ip | #主機名稱 | Redis版本 | 埠 | 扮演角色 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
192.168.100.202 | master | #Redis-5.0.4 | Redis:6379 Sentinel:26379 | Master | |
192.168.100.203 | slave1 | Redis-5.0.4 | Redis:6379 | Slave | |
192.168.100.204 | slave2 | Redis-5.0.4 | Redis:6379 | Slave | #Redis:6379 |
安装步骤相同,主机名、ip不同,下面只写Master配置
[root@Centos7 ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname master [root@Centos7 ~]# su [root@master ~]# systemctl stop firewalld [root@master ~]# setenforce 0 setenforce: SELinux is disabled [root@master ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/ mount: /dev/sr0 写保护,将以只读方式挂载 mount: /dev/sr0 已经挂载或 /mnt 忙 /dev/sr0 已经挂载到 /mnt 上 [root@master ~]# ll 总用量 1928 -rw-------. 1 root root 1264 1月 12 18:27 anaconda-ks.cfg -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1966337 6月 9 01:16 redis-5.0.4.tar.gz [root@master ~]# tar xf redis-5.0.4.tar.gz [root@master ~]# cd redis-5.0.4 [root@master redis-5.0.4]# make [root@master redis-5.0.4]# mkdir -p /usr/local/redis [root@master redis-5.0.4]# cp /root/redis-5.0.4/src/redis-server /usr/local/redis/ [root@master redis-5.0.4]# cp /root/redis-5.0.4/src/redis-cli /usr/local/redis/ [root@master redis-5.0.4]# cp /root/redis-5.0.4/redis.conf /usr/local/redis/ [root@master redis-5.0.4]# vim /usr/local/redis/redis.conf #修改 。。。。。。 68 # ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 69 bind 192.168.100.202 #修改为本机地址,如果为127.0.0.1就只能本机访问 70 。。。。。。 87 # are explicitly listed using the "bind" directive. 88 protected-mode no #关闭redis的保护模式,如果为yes的话其他客户端就无法连接到此服务器 89 。。。。。。 135 # Note that Redis will write a pid file in /var/run/redis.pid when daemonized. 136 daemonize yes #开启redis的后台守护程序,即在redis开启之后是放在后台运行的 137 。。。。。。 262 # Note that you must specify a directory here, not a file name. 263 dir /usr/local/redis/rdb 264 。。。。。。 506 # 507 requirepass 123123 #去掉注释,修改redis的密码为123123 508 #保存退出 [root@slave2 redis-5.0.4]# mkdir /usr/local/redis/rdb [root@master redis-5.0.4]# vim /etc/init.d/redis #!/bin/sh # chkconfig: 2345 80 90 # description: Start and Stop redis #PATH=/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/bin REDISPORT=6379 EXEC=/usr/local/redis/redis-server REDIS_CLI=/usr/local/redis/redis-cli PIDFILE=/var/run/redis_6379.pid CONF="/usr/local/redis/redis.conf" AUTH="123123" LISTEN_IP=$(netstat -utpln |grep redis-server |awk '{print $4}'|awk -F':' '{print $1}') case "$1" in start) if [ -f $PIDFILE ] then echo "$PIDFILE exists, process is already running or crashed" else echo "Starting Redis server..." $EXEC $CONF fi if [ "$?"="0" ] then echo "Redis is running..." fi ;; stop) if [ ! -f $PIDFILE ] then echo "$PIDFILE does not exist, process is not running" else PID=$(cat $PIDFILE) echo "Stopping ..." $REDIS_CLI -h $LISTEN_IP -p $REDISPORT -a $AUTH SHUTDOWN while [ -x ${PIDFILE} ] do echo "Waiting for Redis to shutdown ..." sleep 1 done echo "Redis stopped" fi ;; restart|force-reload) ${0} stop ${0} start ;; *) echo "Usage: /etc/init.d/redis {start|stop|restart|force-reload}" >&2 exit 1 esac [root@master redis-5.0.4]# chkconfig --add redis [root@master redis-5.0.4]# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/redis [root@master redis-5.0.4]# ln -s /usr/local/redis/* /usr/local/bin/ [root@master redis-5.0.4]# /etc/init.d/redis start Starting Redis server... 5233:C 09 Jun 2021 01:25:53.069 # oO0OoO0OoO0Oo Redis is starting oO0OoO0OoO0Oo 5233:C 09 Jun 2021 01:25:53.069 # Redis version=5.0.4, bits=64, commit=00000000, modified=0, pid=5233, just started 5233:C 09 Jun 2021 01:25:53.069 # Configuration loaded Redis is running... [root@master redis-5.0.4]# netstat -anpt | grep 6379 tcp 0 0 192.168.100.202:6379 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5234/redis-server 1
-做redis主从
******(1)Master配置 [root@master redis-5.0.4]# vim /usr/local/redis/redis.conf #修改 。。。。。。 292 # 293 masterauth 123123 #配置主服务器密码,哨兵有一个问题,就是当主服务器坏掉,切换到从服务器时,原来的主服务器可以正常运行之后,再次加入集群是加不进去的,因为哨兵没有配置主服务器的密码,所以无法连接,所以在使用哨兵集群时,要把每台的主服务器密码都配置上,每台redis的密码最好都一样 294 。。。。。。 456 # 457 min-replicas-to-write 1 #设置slave服务器的数量,当slave服务器少于这个数量时,Master主服务器会停止接收客户端的一切写请求 458 min-replicas-max-lag 10 #设置主服务器和从服务器之间同步数据的超时时间,当超过此时间时,master主服务器会停止客户端的一切写操作,单位为秒 459 # 。。。。。。 [root@master redis-5.0.4]# /etc/init.d/redis restart #重启redis Stopping ... Warning: Using a password with '-a' or '-u' option on the command line interface may not be safe. Redis stopped Starting Redis server... 5291:C 09 Jun 2021 02:04:39.132 # oO0OoO0OoO0Oo Redis is starting oO0OoO0OoO0Oo 5291:C 09 Jun 2021 02:04:39.132 # Redis version=5.0.4, bits=64, commit=00000000, modified=0, pid=5291, just started 5291:C 09 Jun 2021 02:04:39.132 # Configuration loaded Redis is running... ******(2)Slave1配置 [root@slave1 redis-5.0.4]# vim /usr/local/redis/redis.conf 。。。。。。 285 # 286 replicaof 192.168.100.202 6379 #在从服务器上指定主服务器的ip和端口 287 。。。。。。 292 # 293 masterauth 123123 #指定主服务器上redis的密码 294 。。。。。。 #保存退出 [root@slave redis-5.0.4]# /etc/init.d/redis restart #重启服务 Stopping ... Warning: Using a password with '-a' or '-u' option on the command line interface may not be safe. Redis stopped Starting Redis server... 5304:C 09 Jun 2021 02:11:32.241 # oO0OoO0OoO0Oo Redis is starting oO0OoO0OoO0Oo 5304:C 09 Jun 2021 02:11:32.241 # Redis version=5.0.4, bits=64, commit=00000000, modified=0, pid=5304, just started 5304:C 09 Jun 2021 02:11:32.241 # Configuration loaded Redis is running... ******(3)Slave2配置 [root@slave2 redis-5.0.4]# vim /usr/local/redis/redis.conf 。。。。。。 286 replicaof 192.168.100.204 6379 287 288 # If the master is password protected (using the "requirepass" configuration 289 # directive below) it is possible to tell the replica to authenticate before 290 # starting the replication synchronization process, otherwise the master will 291 # refuse the replica request. 292 # 293 masterauth 123123 294 。。。。。。 #保存退出 [root@slave2 redis-5.0.4]# /etc/init.d/redis restart Stopping ... Warning: Using a password with '-a' or '-u' option on the command line interface may not be safe. Redis stopped Starting Redis server... 5253:C 09 Jun 2021 17:50:25.680 # oO0OoO0OoO0Oo Redis is starting oO0OoO0OoO0Oo 5253:C 09 Jun 2021 17:50:25.680 # Redis version=5.0.4, bits=64, commit=00000000, modified=0, pid=5253, just started 5253:C 09 Jun 2021 17:50:25.680 # Configuration loaded Redis is running... ******(3)验证主从是否成功 [root@master ~]# redis-cli -h 192.168.100.202 -a 123123 Warning: Using a password with '-a' or '-u' option on the command line interface may not be safe. 192.168.100.202:6379> set aaa bbb OK 192.168.100.202:6379> set bbb ccc OK 192.168.100.202:6379> keys * 1) "aaa" 2) "bbb" [root@slave1 ~]# redis-cli -h 192.168.100.203 -a 123123 Warning: Using a password with '-a' or '-u' option on the command line interface may not be safe. 192.168.100.203:6379> keys * 1) "bbb" 2) "aaa" 192.168.100.203:6379> set ttt fff (error) READONLY You can't write against a read only replica. #从服务器无法写入数据 [root@slave2 redis-5.0.4]# redis-cli -h 192.168.100.204 -a 123123 Warning: Using a password with '-a' or '-u' option on the command line interface may not be safe. 192.168.100.204:6379> keys * 1) "aaa" 2) "bbb" 192.168.100.204:6379> set ggg aaa (error) READONLY You can't write against a read only replica. #主从配置完成
-配置哨兵
******(1)在master上配置sentinel哨兵 [root@master ~]# cp redis-5.0.4/src/redis-sentinel /usr/local/redis/ #复制哨兵启动脚本 [root@master ~]# cp redis-5.0.4/sentinel.conf /usr/local/redis/ #复制哨兵配置文件 [root@master ~]# mkdir -p /var/redis/data #创建日志文件存放位置 [root@master ~]# vim /usr/local/redis/sentinel.conf #修改哨兵配置文件 。。。。。。 21 port 26379 #指定端口默认为26379 22 23 # By default Redis Sentinel does not run as a daemon. Use 'yes' if you need it. 24 # Note that Redis will write a pid file in /var/run/redis-sentinel.pid when 25 # daemonized. 26 daemonize yes #yes为放在后台运行,使用no放在前台运行可以看到主从切换时候的信息 27 。。。。。。 64 # unmounting filesystems. 65 dir /var/redis/data #指定日志存放位置,就是刚才创建的路径 66 。。。。。。 83 # The valid charset is A-z 0-9 and the three characters ".-_". 84 sentinel monitor mymaster 192.168.100.202 6379 1 #指定用户为mymaster,ip为202,端口为6379,1表示当有一台master出现故障时,就进行切换 85 86 # sentinel a 。。。。。。 112 # Default is 30 seconds. 113 sentinel down-after-milliseconds mymaster 3000 #指定master的失效时间,单位为毫秒3000为3秒,表示master超过3秒没响应就判定为故障 114 。。。。。。 145 # Default is 3 minutes. 146 sentinel failover-timeout mymaster 180000 #切换操作完成的超时时间,单位为毫秒180000为180秒,在主从切换超过这个时间就判定为切换失败 147 148 # SCRIPTS EXE 。。。。。。 102 # 103 sentinel auth-pass mymaster 123123 #连接master和slave的密码 104 sentinel config-epoch mymaster 1 #切换后最多有多少节点可以于新的master进行同步数据 105 #保存退出 [root@master ~]# /usr/local/redis/redis-sentinel /usr/local/redis/sentinel.conf #启动哨兵 1118:X 09 Jun 2021 18:09:29.027 # oO0OoO0OoO0Oo Redis is starting oO0OoO0OoO0Oo 1118:X 09 Jun 2021 18:09:29.027 # Redis version=5.0.4, bits=64, commit=00000000, modified=0, pid=1118, just started 1118:X 09 Jun 2021 18:09:29.027 # Configuration loaded [root@master ~]# netstat -anpt | grep 26379 tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:26379 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1119/redis-sentinel tcp6 0 0 :::26379 :::* LISTEN 1119/redis-sentinel [root@master ~]# kill -9 1119 #先关闭哨兵 [root@master ~]# netstat -anpt | grep 26379 [root@master ~]# sed -i '26s/yes/no/g' /usr/local/redis/sentinel.conf #修改为前台启动 [root@master ~]# /usr/local/redis/redis-sentinel /usr/local/redis/sentinel.conf #再次开启哨兵,稍等一段时间会有提示 1129:X 09 Jun 2021 18:11:02.585 # oO0OoO0OoO0Oo Redis is starting oO0OoO0OoO0Oo 1129:X 09 Jun 2021 18:11:02.585 # Redis version=5.0.4, bits=64, commit=00000000, modified=0, pid=1129, just started 1129:X 09 Jun 2021 18:11:02.585 # Configuration loaded 1129:X 09 Jun 2021 18:11:02.586 * Increased maximum number of open files to 10032 (it was originally set to 1024). _._ _.-``__ ''-._ _.-`` `. `_. ''-._ Redis 5.0.4 (00000000/0) 64 bit .-`` .-". "\/ _.,_ ''-._ ( ' , .-` | `, ) Running in sentinel mode |`-._`-...-` __...-.``-._|'` _.-'| Port: 26379 | `-._ `._ / _.-' | PID: 1129 `-._ `-._ `-./ _.-' _.-' |`-._`-._ `-.__.-' _.-'_.-'| | `-._`-._ _.-'_.-' | http://redis.io `-._ `-._`-.__.-'_.-' _.-' |`-._`-._ `-.__.-' _.-'_.-'| | `-._`-._ _.-'_.-' | `-._ `-._`-.__.-'_.-' _.-' `-._ `-.__.-' _.-' `-._ _.-' `-.__.-' 1129:X 09 Jun 2021 18:11:02.586 # WARNING: The TCP backlog setting of 511 cannot be enforced because /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn is set to the lower value of 128. 1129:X 09 Jun 2021 18:11:02.586 # Sentinel ID is fce7776020cf12792fd239f6f9d34f2d3fdef98c 1129:X 09 Jun 2021 18:11:02.586 # +monitor master mymaster 192.168.100.202 6379 quorum 1 1129:X 09 Jun 2021 18:18:04.434 * +reboot slave 192.168.100.204:6379 192.168.100.204 6379 @ mymaster 192.168.100.202 6379 #看到新增两条消息,从服务器增加了203和204主服务器时202 1129:X 09 Jun 2021 18:18:14.478 * +reboot slave 192.168.100.203:6379 192.168.100.203 6379 @ mymaster 192.168.100.202 6379 #哨兵配置完成
-测试哨兵的故障切换
******(1)把master服务器在开启一个终端,在新开启的终端中关闭redis,测试是否可以主从切换 [root@master ~]# /etc/init.d/redis stop Stopping ... Warning: Using a password with '-a' or '-u' option on the command line interface may not be safe. Redis stopped ******(2)切换到开启哨兵的终端,查看新弹出的信息 1129:X 09 Jun 2021 18:20:36.588 # +failover-end master mymaster 192.168.100.202 6379 1129:X 09 Jun 2021 18:20:36.588 # +switch-master mymaster 192.168.100.202 6379 192.168.100.203 6379 1129:X 09 Jun 2021 18:20:36.588 * +slave slave 192.168.100.204:6379 192.168.100.204 6379 @ mymaster 192.168.100.203 6379 #发现主服务器变成了203 1129:X 09 Jun 2021 18:20:36.588 * +slave slave 192.168.100.202:6379 192.168.100.202 6379 @ mymaster 192.168.100.203 6379 1129:X 09 Jun 2021 18:20:39.607 # +sdown slave 192.168.100.202:6379 192.168.100.202 6379 @ mymaster 192.168.100.203 6379‘ ******(3)在203上测试主从复制是否可以正常同步 [root@slave1 ~]# redis-cli -h 192.168.100.203 -a 123123 Warning: Using a password with '-a' or '-u' option on the command line interface may not be safe. 192.168.100.203:6379> keys * 1) "aaa" 2) "bbb" 192.168.100.203:6379> set yyy aaa OK 192.168.100.203:6379> keys * 1) "yyy" 2) "aaa" 3) "bbb" [root@slave2 redis-5.0.4]# redis-cli -h 192.168.100.204 -a 123123 Warning: Using a password with '-a' or '-u' option on the command line interface may not be safe. 192.168.100.204:6379> keys * #发现同步成功 1) "yyy" 2) "bbb" 3) "aaa" ******(4)此时重新开启202的redis,并且查看哨兵的提示消息 [root@master ~]# /etc/init.d/redis start Starting Redis server... 1167:C 09 Jun 2021 18:23:39.756 # oO0OoO0OoO0Oo Redis is starting oO0OoO0OoO0Oo 1167:C 09 Jun 2021 18:23:39.756 # Redis version=5.0.4, bits=64, commit=00000000, modified=0, pid=1167, just started 1167:C 09 Jun 2021 18:23:39.756 # Configuration loaded Redis is running... 1129:X 09 Jun 2021 18:23:50.324 * +convert-to-slave slave 192.168.100.202:6379 192.168.100.202 6379 @ mymaster 192.168.100.203 6379 #提示增加了一台slave ******(5)在202的新终端上查看redis的数据是否成功同步 [root@master ~]# redis-cli -h 192.168.100.202 -a 123123 Warning: Using a password with '-a' or '-u' option on the command line interface may not be safe. 192.168.100.202:6379> keys * #发现已经成功同步 1) "bbb" 2) "aaa" 3) "yyy" #测试故障切换缓存,发现在master主机出现故障然后重新连接到集群后,master角色不会进行转移
-哨兵日志分析
#把哨兵放在前台运行时,日志信息会直接输出到终端上,放到后台运行时,日志会写到指定的路径中 +reset-master <instance details> #当master被重置时. +slave <instance details> #当检测到一个slave并添加进slave列表时. +failover-state-reconf-slaves <instance details> #Failover状态变为reconf-slaves状态时 +failover-detected <instance details> #当failover发生时 +slave-reconf-sent <instance details> #sentinel发送SLAVEOF命令把它重新配置时 +slave-reconf-inprog <instance details> #slave被重新配置为另外一个master的slave,但数据复制还未发生时。 +slave-reconf-done <instance details> #slave被重新配置为另外一个master的slave并且数据复制已经与master同步时。 -dup-sentinel <instance details> #删除指定master上的冗余sentinel时,当一个sentinel重新启动时,可能会发生这个事件 +sentinel <instance details> #当master增加了一个sentinel时。 +sdown <instance details> #进入SDOWN状态时; -sdown <instance details> #离开SDOWN状态时。 +odown <instance details> #进入ODOWN状态时。 -odown <instance details> #离开ODOWN状态时。 +new-epoch <instance details> #当前配置版本被更新时。 +try-failover <instance details> #达到failover条件,正等待其他sentinel的选举。 +elected-leader <instance details> #被选举为去执行failover的时候。 +failover-state-select-slave <instance details> #开始要选择一个slave当选新master时。 no-good-slave <instance details> #没有合适的slave来担当新master selected-slave <instance details> #找到了一个适合的slave来担当新master failover-state-send-slaveof-noone <instance details> #当把选择为新master的slave的身份进行切换的时候。 failover-end-for-timeout <instance details> #failover由于超时而失败时。 failover-end <instance details> #failover成功完成时。 switch-master <master name> <oldip> <oldport> <newip> <newport> #当master的地址发生变化时。通常这是客户端最感兴趣的消息了。 +tilt #进入Tilt模式。 -tilt #退出Tilt模式。
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