在阿里云的CentOS环境中安装配置MySQL的教程

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在阿里云的CentOS环境中安装配置MySQL的教程_MySQL

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May 27, 2016 pm 01:45 PM

centos

1 常规错误的yum安装方法：

在前文中记述了CentOS 6.5系统中通过yum方式快速地搭建了LNMP环境，那么是否也能在CentOS 7或CentOS 7.1系统中依葫芦画瓢安装MySql5.6.24呢？答案是否定的。

[root@typecodes ~]# yum -y install mysql mysql-server mysql-devel
.....................。
....省略部分安装过程....
.....................。

Installed:
 mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0             mariadb-devel.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0            

Dependency Installed:
 keyutils-libs-devel.x86_64 0:1.5.8-3.el7 krb5-devel.x86_64 0:1.12.2-14.el7  libcom_err-devel.x86_64 0:1.42.9-7.el7 libselinux-devel.x86_64 0:2.2.2-6.el7 
 libsepol-devel.x86_64 0:2.1.9-3.el7   libverto-devel.x86_64 0:0.2.5-4.el7 openssl-devel.x86_64 1:1.0.1e-42.el7.4 pcre-devel.x86_64 0:8.32-14.el7   
 zlib-devel.x86_64 0:1.2.7-13.el7   

Complete!

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从上面的安装结果可以看出，没有安装mysql数据库，而是安装了mariadb数据！因为在CentOS 7和CentOS 7.1系统中，默认安装的mysql是它的分支mariadb。这里引用下百度百科关于mariadb的描述：

MariaDB数据库管理系统是MySQL的一个分支，主要由开源社区在维护，采用GPL授权许可 MariaDB的目的是完全兼容MySQL，包括API和命令行，使之能轻松成为MySQL的代替品。
因此，下面这些正常的MySQL操作都是无效的：

#######无法把mysql服务加入系统启动
[root@typecodes ~]# chkconfig mysqld on
error reading information on service mysqld: No such file or directory
#######启动不了mysql
[root@typecodes ~]# service mysqld start
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start mysqld.service
Failed to issue method call: Unit mysqld.service failed to load: No such file or directory.
#######没有安装mysql相关包
[root@typecodes ~]# rpm -qa |grep mysql
php-mysql-5.4.16-23.el7_0.3.x86_64
[root@typecodes ~]#

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2 正确的安装方法：

众所周知，Linux系统自带的repo是不会自动更新每个软件的最新版本（基本都是比较靠后的稳定版），所以无法通过yum方式安装MySQL的高级版本。所以我们需要先安装带有当前可用的mysql5系列社区版资源的rpm包。

#######安装rpm包
[root@typecodes ~]# rpm -Uvh http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm

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Retrieving http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm
Preparing...       ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
 1:mysql-community-release-el7-5 ################################# [100%]

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这时查看当前可用的mysql安装资源：

[root@typecodes ~]# yum repolist enabled | grep "mysql.*-community.*"

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mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community     14
mysql-tools-community/x86_64  MySQL Tools Community      17
mysql56-community/x86_64   MySQL 5.6 Community Server    139

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从上面的列表可以看出， mysql56-community/x86_64 和 MySQL 5.6 Community Server 可以使用。

因此，我们就可以直接用yum方式安装了MySQL5.6版本了。

[root@typecodes ~]# yum -y install mysql-community-server

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Loaded plugins: axelget, langpacks
No metadata available for base
No metadata available for epel
No metadata available for extras
(Failed to load module fastestmirror: No module named fastestmirror)
repomd.xml                                  | 2.5 kB 00:00:00  
update mysql-connectors-community metadata successfully
(Failed to load module fastestmirror: No module named fastestmirror)
repomd.xml                                  | 2.5 kB 00:00:00  
update mysql-tools-community metadata successfully
(Failed to load module fastestmirror: No module named fastestmirror)
repomd.xml                                  | 2.5 kB 00:00:00  
update mysql56-community metadata successfully
No metadata available for updates
mysql-connectors-community                              | 2.5 kB 00:00:00  
mysql-tools-community                               | 2.5 kB 00:00:00  
mysql56-community                                | 2.5 kB 00:00:00  
(1/3): mysql-connectors-community/x86_64/primary_db                        | 7.3 kB 00:00:00  
(2/3): mysql56-community/x86_64/primary_db                          | 83 kB 00:00:01  
mysql-tools-community/x86_64/p FAILED           ==============================================  ] 19 kB/s | 92 kB 00:00:00 ETA 
http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-tools-community/el/7/x86_64/repodata/3301d2eb425f300dec5a46c4201d08f2cf9232a6-primary.sqlite.bz2: [Errno 12] Timeout on http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-tools-community/el/7/x86_64/repodata/3301d2eb425f300dec5a46c4201d08f2cf9232a6-primary.sqlite.bz2: (28, &#39;Operation too slow. Less than 1000 bytes/sec transferred the last 3 seconds&#39;)
Trying other mirror.
(3/3): mysql-tools-community/x86_64/primary_db                         | 15 kB 00:00:00  
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-common(x86-64) = 5.6.24-3.el7 for package: mysql-community-server-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-client(x86-64) = 5.6.24-3.el7 for package: mysql-community-server-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(DBI) for package: mysql-community-server-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0 will be obsoleted
---> Package mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7 will be obsoleting
--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-libs(x86-64) = 5.6.24-3.el7 for package: mysql-community-client-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64
---> Package mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-DBI.x86_64 0:1.627-4.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: perl(RPC::PlServer) >= 0.2001 for package: perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(RPC::PlClient) >= 0.2000 for package: perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0 will be obsoleted
--> Processing Dependency: mariadb-libs(x86-64) = 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0 for package: 1:mariadb-devel-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64
---> Package mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7 will be obsoleting
---> Package perl-PlRPC.noarch 0:0.2020-14.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Net::Daemon) >= 0.13 for package: perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Net::Daemon::Test) for package: perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Net::Daemon::Log) for package: perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Compress::Zlib) for package: perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mariadb-devel.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0 will be obsoleted
---> Package mysql-community-devel.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7 will be obsoleting
---> Package perl-IO-Compress.noarch 0:2.061-2.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Compress::Raw::Zlib) >= 2.061 for package: perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Compress::Raw::Bzip2) >= 2.061 for package: perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch
---> Package perl-Net-Daemon.noarch 0:0.48-5.el7 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2.x86_64 0:2.061-3.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib.x86_64 1:2.061-4.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

=======================================================================================================================================================================
 Package           Arch       Version        Repository         Size
=======================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 mysql-community-client       x86_64       5.6.24-3.el7       mysql56-community       19 M
  replacing mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0
 mysql-community-devel       x86_64       5.6.24-3.el7       mysql56-community       3.4 M
  replacing mariadb-devel.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0
 mysql-community-libs       x86_64       5.6.24-3.el7       mysql56-community       2.0 M
  replacing mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0
 mysql-community-server       x86_64       5.6.24-3.el7       mysql56-community       58 M
Installing for dependencies:
 mysql-community-common       x86_64       5.6.24-3.el7       mysql56-community       256 k
 perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2       x86_64       2.061-3.el7       base          32 k
 perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib       x86_64       1:2.061-4.el7       base          57 k
 perl-DBI          x86_64       1.627-4.el7       base          802 k
 perl-IO-Compress        noarch       2.061-2.el7       base          260 k
 perl-Net-Daemon         noarch       0.48-5.el7        base          51 k
 perl-PlRPC          noarch       0.2020-14.el7       base          36 k

Transaction Summary
===============================================================================================================
========================================================
Install 4 Packages (+7 Dependent packages)

Total download size: 83 M
Downloading packages:
mysql-community-devel-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64.rpm              | 3.4 MB 00:00:03  
mysql-community-client-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64.rpm              | 19 MB 00:00:05  
mysql-community-server-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64.rpm               | 58 MB 00:00:11  
mysql-community-libs-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64.rpm                | 2.0 MB 00:00:02  
perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64.rpm                     | 0 B 00:00:01 ... 
perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64.rpm                        | 802 kB 00:00:00  
(1/6): perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib-2.061-4.el7.x86_64.rpm              | 57 kB 00:00:00  
(2/6): perl-Net-Daemon-0.48-5.el7.noarch.rpm                 | 51 kB 00:00:00  
(3/6): perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch.rpm                | 36 kB 00:00:00  
(4/6): perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2-2.061-3.el7.x86_64.rpm           | 32 kB 00:00:00  
(5/6): perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch.rpm             | 260 kB 00:00:00  
warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql56-community/packages/mysql-community-common-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64.rpm: 
V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY 00:00:01 ETA 
Public key for mysql-community-common-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64.rpm is not installed
(6/6): mysql-community-common-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64.rpm                       | 256 kB 00:00:01  
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                 388 kB/s | 692 kB 00:00:01  
Retrieving key from file:/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
Importing GPG key 0x5072E1F5:
 Userid  : "MySQL Release Engineering"
 Fingerprint: a4a9 4068 76fc bd3c 4567 70c8 8c71 8d3b 5072 e1f5
 Package : mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch (installed)
 From  : file:/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum.
 Installing : mysql-community-common-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64                           1/14 
 Installing : mysql-community-libs-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64                           2/14 
 Installing : mysql-community-client-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64                           3/14 
 Installing : perl-Net-Daemon-0.48-5.el7.noarch                             4/14 
 Installing : 1:perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib-2.061-4.el7.x86_64                          5/14 
 Installing : perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2-2.061-3.el7.x86_64                           6/14 
 Installing : perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch                            7/14 
 Installing : perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch                             8/14 
 Installing : perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64                              9/14 
 Installing : mysql-community-server-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64                          10/14 
 Installing : mysql-community-devel-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64                           11/14 
 Erasing : 1:mariadb-devel-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64                            12/14 
 Erasing : 1:mariadb-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64                             13/14 
 Erasing : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64                            14/14 
 Verifying : perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2-2.061-3.el7.x86_64                           1/14 
 Verifying : mysql-community-common-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64                           2/14 
 Verifying : mysql-community-devel-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64                           3/14 
 Verifying : mysql-community-client-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64                           4/14 
 Verifying : perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch                             5/14 
 Verifying : mysql-community-server-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64                           6/14 
 Verifying : 1:perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib-2.061-4.el7.x86_64                          7/14 
 Verifying : mysql-community-libs-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64                           8/14 
 Verifying : perl-Net-Daemon-0.48-5.el7.noarch                             9/14 
 Verifying : perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64                              10/14 
 Verifying : perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch                            11/14 
 Verifying : 1:mariadb-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64                             12/14 
 Verifying : 1:mariadb-devel-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64                            13/14 
 Verifying : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64                            14/14 

Installed:
 mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7   
 mysql-community-devel.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7   
 mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7   
 mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7   

Dependency Installed:
 mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7 
 perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2.x86_64 0:2.061-3.el7 
 perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib.x86_64 1:2.061-4.el7 
 perl-DBI.x86_64 0:1.627-4.el7
 perl-IO-Compress.noarch 0:2.061-2.el7  
 perl-Net-Daemon.noarch 0:0.48-5.el7   
 perl-PlRPC.noarch 0:0.2020-14.el7   

Replaced:
 mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0     
 mariadb-devel.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0     
 mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0     

Complete!

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3 MySQL安装完成后，进行相关配置

安装完MySQL后，需要进行一些基础配置工作：

#######安装成功后，将其加入开机启动
[root@typecodes ~]# systemctl enable mysqld

#######启动mysql服务进程
[root@typecodes ~]# systemctl start mysqld

#######配置mysql（设置密码等）
[root@typecodes ~]# mysql_secure_installation

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NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MySQL
  SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!

In order to log into MySQL to secure it, we&#39;ll need the current
password for the root user. If you&#39;ve just installed MySQL, and
you haven&#39;t set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.

Enter current password for root (enter for none): 
OK, successfully used password, moving on...

Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MySQL
root user without the proper authorisation.

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Set root password? [Y/n] y     [设置root用户密码]
New password: 
Re-enter new password: 
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
 ... Success!


By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MySQL without having to have a user account created for
them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y     [删除匿名用户]
 ... Success!

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from &#39;localhost&#39;. This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y  [禁止root远程登录]
 ... Success!

By default, MySQL comes with a database named &#39;test&#39; that anyone can
access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y   [删除test数据库]
 - Dropping test database...
ERROR 1008 (HY000) at line 1: Can&#39;t drop database &#39;test&#39;; database doesn&#39;t exist
 ... Failed! Not critical, keep moving...
 - Removing privileges on test database...
 ... Success!

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y   [刷新权限]
 ... Success!




All done! If you&#39;ve completed all of the above steps, your MySQL
installation should now be secure.

Thanks for using MySQL!


Cleaning up...

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4.可能有效的MySQL配置优化
在原始配置文件 /etc/my.cnf 基础上，在 [mysqld] 节内增加配置参数。实际应用中，请按硬件及负载酌情修改。

#add by feng 120418 --------------------------
#skip-locking
skip-name-resolve
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 256M
#table_cache = 3072
table_open_cache = 3072
read_buffer_size = 2M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
sort_buffer_size = 2M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 256M
thread_cache_size = 8
query_cache_size= 512M
query_cache_limit= 5M
tmp_table_size=1024M
max_heap_table_size=3000M
max_allowed_packet = 16M
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 512M
innodb_log_file_size = 512M
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size=512M
innodb_log_buffer_size=64M
max_connections=2000
max_user_connections=800
join_buffer_size = 8M
open_files_limit = 65535
#tmpdir=/dev/shm
max_connect_errors=1000
#add by feng 120418 end ---------------------

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