首先，我們利用Python爬蟲來爬取詩歌，製作語料庫。爬取的頁面如下：
爬取的詩歌
#由於本文主要為試了展示該項目的思路，因此，只爬取了該頁面中的唐詩三百首、古詩三百、宋詞三百、宋詞精選，總共約1100多首詩歌。為了加速爬蟲，採用並發實現爬蟲，並儲存到poem.txt檔案。完整的Python程式如下：
import re
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor, wait, ALL_COMPLETED
# 爬取的诗歌网址
urls = ['https://so.gushiwen.org/gushi/tangshi.aspx',
'https://so.gushiwen.org/gushi/sanbai.aspx',
'https://so.gushiwen.org/gushi/songsan.aspx',
'https://so.gushiwen.org/gushi/songci.aspx'
]
poem_links = []
# 诗歌的网址
for url in urls:
# 请求头部
headers = {: 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/67.0.3396.87 Safari/537.36'}
req = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
soup = BeautifulSoup(req.text, "lxml")
content = soup.find_all('div', class_="sons")[0]
links = content.find_all('a')
for link in links:
poem_links.append('https://so.gushiwen.org'+link['href'])
poem_list = []
# 爬取诗歌页面
def get_poem(url):
#url = 'https://so.gushiwen.org/shiwenv_45c396367f59.aspx'
# 请求头部
headers = {: 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/67.0.3396.87 Safari/537.36'}
req = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
soup = BeautifulSoup(req.text, "lxml")
poem = soup.find('div', class_='contson').text.strip()
poem = poem.replace(' ', '')
poem = re.sub(re.compile(r"([sS]*?)"), '', poem)
poem = re.sub(re.compile(r"（[sS]*?）"), '', poem)
poem = re.sub(re.compile(r"。([sS]*?）"), '', poem)
poem = poem.replace('!', '！').replace('?', '？')
poem_list.append(poem)
# 利用并发爬取
executor = ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=10) # 可以自己调整max_workers,即线程的个数
# submit()的参数： 第一个为函数， 之后为该函数的传入参数，允许有多个
future_tasks = [executor.submit(get_poem, url) for url in poem_links]
# 等待所有的线程完成，才进入后续的执行
wait(future_tasks, return_when=ALL_COMPLETED)
# 将爬取的诗句写入txt文件
poems = list(set(poem_list))
poems = sorted(poems, key=lambda x:len(x))
for poem in poems:
poem = poem.replace('《','').replace('》','')
.replace('：', '').replace('“', '')
print(poem)
with open('F://poem.txt', 'a') as f:
f.write(poem)
f.write('
')該程式爬取了1100多首詩歌，並將詩歌保存至poem.txt文件，形成我們的詩歌語料庫。當然，這些詩歌並不能直接使用，需要清理數據，例如有些詩歌標點不規範，有些並不是詩歌，只是詩歌的序等等，這個過程需要人工操作，雖然稍顯麻煩，但為了後面的詩歌分句效果，也是值得的。
有了詩歌語料庫，我們需要對詩歌進行分句，分句的標準為：依照結尾為。 ？ ！進行分句，這可以用正規表示式實現。之後，將分句好的詩寫成字典：鍵（key）為該句首字的拼音，值（value）為該拼音對應的詩句，並將字典儲存為pickle檔。完整的Python程式碼如下：
import re
import pickle
from xpinyin import Pinyin
from collections import defaultdict
def main():
with open('F://poem.txt', 'r') as f:
poems = f.readlines()
sents = []
for poem in poems:
parts = re.findall(r'[sS]*?[。？！]', poem.strip())
for part in parts:
if len(part) >= 5:
sents.append(part)
poem_dict = defaultdict(list)
for sent in sents:
print(part)
head = Pinyin().get_pinyin(sent, tone_marks='marks', splitter=' ').split()[0]
poem_dict[head].append(sent)
with open('./poemDict.pk', 'wb') as f:
pickle.dump(poem_dict, f)
main()我們可以看一下該pickle檔案（poemDict.pk）的內容：
init.py文件，將該檔案的全部程式碼複製至mypinyin.py，並將程式碼中的下面這句程式碼
data_path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)), 'Mandarin.dat')
data_path = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'Mandarin.dat')
import pickle
from mypinyin import Pinyin
import random
import ctypes
STD_INPUT_HANDLE = -10
STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE = -11
STD_ERROR_HANDLE = -12
FOREGROUND_DARKWHITE = 0x07 # 暗白色
FOREGROUND_BLUE = 0x09 # 蓝色
FOREGROUND_GREEN = 0x0a # 绿色
FOREGROUND_SKYBLUE = 0x0b # 天蓝色
FOREGROUND_RED = 0x0c # 红色
FOREGROUND_PINK = 0x0d # 粉红色
FOREGROUND_YELLOW = 0x0e # 黄色
FOREGROUND_WHITE = 0x0f # 白色
std_out_handle = ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE)
# 设置CMD文字颜色
def set_cmd_text_color(color, handle=std_out_handle):
Bool = ctypes.windll.kernel32.SetConsoleTextAttribute(handle, color)
return Bool
# 重置文字颜色为暗白色
def resetColor():
set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_DARKWHITE)
# 在CMD中以指定颜色输出文字
def cprint(mess, color):
color_dict = {
: FOREGROUND_BLUE,
: FOREGROUND_GREEN,
: FOREGROUND_SKYBLUE,
: FOREGROUND_RED,
: FOREGROUND_PINK,
: FOREGROUND_YELLOW,
: FOREGROUND_WHITE
}
set_cmd_text_color(color_dict[color])
print(mess)
resetColor()
color_list = ['蓝色','绿色','天蓝色','红色','粉红色','黄色','白色']
# 获取字典
with open('./poemDict.pk', 'rb') as f:
poem_dict = pickle.load(f)
#for key, value in poem_dict.items():
#print(key, value)
MODE = str(input('Choose MODE(1 for 人工接龙, 2 for 机器接龙): '))
while True:
try:
if MODE == '1':
enter = str(input('
请输入一句诗或一个字开始：'))
while enter != 'exit':
test = Pinyin().get_pinyin(enter, tone_marks='marks', splitter=' ')
tail = test.split()[-1]
if tail not in poem_dict.keys():
cprint('无法接这句诗。
', '红色')
MODE = 0
break
else:
cprint('
机器回复：%s'%random.sample(poem_dict[tail], 1)[0], random.sample(color_list, 1)[0])
enter = str(input('你的回复：'))[:-1]
MODE = 0
if MODE == '2':
enter = input('
请输入一句诗或一个字开始：')
for i in range(10):
test = Pinyin().get_pinyin(enter, tone_marks='marks', splitter=' ')
tail = test.split()[-1]
if tail not in poem_dict.keys():
cprint('------>无法接下去了啦...', '红色')
MODE = 0
break
else:
answer = random.sample(poem_dict[tail], 1)[0]
cprint('（%d）--> %s' % (i+1, answer), random.sample(color_list, 1)[0])
enter = answer[:-1]
print('
（*****最多展示前10回接龙。*****）')
MODE = 0
except Exception as err:
print(err)
finally:
if MODE not in ['1','2']:
MODE = str(input('
Choose MODE(1 for 人工接龙, 2 for 机器接龙): '))
pyinstaller -F Poem_jielong.py
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