TTS（Text To Speech）是一種語音合成技術，可以讓機器將輸入文字以語音的方式播放出來，實現機器說話的效果。
TTS分成語音處理及語音合成，先由機器辨識輸入的文字，再依照語音庫進行語音合成。現在有許多可供呼叫的TTS接口，例如百度智慧雲的語音合成接口。微軟在Windows系統中也提供了TTS的接口，可以呼叫此接口實現離線的TTS語音合成功能。
本文將使用pyttsx3函式庫作為示範，寫一個語音合成小工具。
安裝PyQt5及其GUI設計工具
# 安装PyQt5 pip install PyQt5 # 安装PyQt5设计器 pip install PyQt5Designer
本文所使用的編輯器是VSCode，不是PyCharm，使用PyQt5的方式可能有差異，具體使用時可依實際情況進行配置。
安裝pyttsx3
pip install pyttsx3
可參考下圖設計簡單的GUI介面，由於本文主要為功能實例，故不考慮介面美觀問題。
介面應有一個文字輸入框，用以輸入將要轉換為語音的文本，同時需要一個播放按鈕，用以觸發語音播放的方法。語速、音量和語言可以按需選擇。
使用PyQt5的設計工具，可以根據以上配置的GUI介面產生以下UI（XML）程式碼：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<ui version="4.0">
<class>Form</class>
<widget class="QWidget" name="Form">
<property name="geometry">
<rect>
<x>0</x>
<y>0</y>
<width>313</width>
<height>284</height>
</rect>
</property>
<property name="windowTitle">
<string>语音合成器</string>
</property>
<property name="windowIcon">
<iconset>
<normaloff>voice.ico</normaloff>voice.ico</iconset>
</property>
<widget class="QWidget" name="verticalLayoutWidget">
<property name="geometry">
<rect>
<x>10</x>
<y>10</y>
<width>291</width>
<height>261</height>
</rect>
</property>
<layout class="QVBoxLayout" name="verticalLayout">
<property name="spacing">
<number>20</number>
</property>
<item>
<layout class="QHBoxLayout" name="horizontalLayout_2">
<item>
<widget class="QLabel" name="label">
<property name="text">
<string>播报文本</string>
</property>
<property name="alignment">
<set>Qt::AlignJustify|Qt::AlignTop</set>
</property>
</widget>
</item>
<item>
<widget class="QTextEdit" name="tbx_text"/>
</item>
</layout>
</item>
<item>
<layout class="QHBoxLayout" name="horizontalLayout_4">
<item>
<widget class="QLabel" name="label_3">
<property name="text">
<string>语速</string>
</property>
</widget>
</item>
<item>
<widget class="QSlider" name="slider_rate">
<property name="maximum">
<number>300</number>
</property>
<property name="orientation">
<enum>Qt::Horizontal</enum>
</property>
</widget>
</item>
<item>
<widget class="QLabel" name="label_rate">
<property name="minimumSize">
<size>
<width>30</width>
<height>0</height>
</size>
</property>
<property name="text">
<string>0</string>
</property>
<property name="alignment">
<set>Qt::AlignCenter</set>
</property>
</widget>
</item>
</layout>
</item>
<item>
<layout class="QHBoxLayout" name="horizontalLayout_3">
<item>
<widget class="QLabel" name="label_2">
<property name="text">
<string>音量</string>
</property>
</widget>
</item>
<item>
<widget class="QSlider" name="slider_volumn">
<property name="maximum">
<number>100</number>
</property>
<property name="orientation">
<enum>Qt::Horizontal</enum>
</property>
</widget>
</item>
<item>
<widget class="QLabel" name="label_volumn">
<property name="minimumSize">
<size>
<width>30</width>
<height>0</height>
</size>
</property>
<property name="text">
<string>0</string>
</property>
<property name="alignment">
<set>Qt::AlignCenter</set>
</property>
</widget>
</item>
</layout>
</item>
<item>
<layout class="QHBoxLayout" name="horizontalLayout">
<item>
<widget class="QLabel" name="label_4">
<property name="text">
<string>选择语言</string>
</property>
</widget>
</item>
<item>
<widget class="QRadioButton" name="rbtn_zh">
<property name="text">
<string>中文</string>
</property>
<property name="checked">
<bool>true</bool>
</property>
</widget>
</item>
<item>
<widget class="QRadioButton" name="rbtn_en">
<property name="text">
<string>英文</string>
</property>
</widget>
</item>
</layout>
</item>
<item>
<layout class="QHBoxLayout" name="horizontalLayout_5">
<item>
<widget class="QLabel" name="label_5">
<property name="minimumSize">
<size>
<width>60</width>
<height>0</height>
</size>
</property>
<property name="text">
<string/>
</property>
</widget>
</item>
<item>
<widget class="QPushButton" name="btn_play">
<property name="minimumSize">
<size>
<width>0</width>
<height>30</height>
</size>
</property>
<property name="text">
<string>播放</string>
</property>
</widget>
</item>
</layout>
</item>
</layout>
</widget>
</widget>
<resources/>
<connections/>
</ui>最後再使用PyQt5的介面工具，可以根據以上UI的程式碼，生成以下的窗體類別：
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Form implementation generated from reading ui file 'd:\Program\VSCode\Python\TTS_PyQT\tts_form.ui'
#
# Created by: PyQt5 UI code generator 5.15.7
#
# WARNING: Any manual changes made to this file will be lost when pyuic5 is
# run again. Do not edit this file unless you know what you are doing.
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets
class Ui_Form(object):
def setupUi(self, Form):
Form.setObjectName("Form")
Form.resize(313, 284)
icon = QtGui.QIcon()
icon.addPixmap(
QtGui.QPixmap("./voice.ico"),
QtGui.QIcon.Normal, QtGui.QIcon.Off)
Form.setWindowIcon(icon)
self.verticalLayoutWidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(Form)
self.verticalLayoutWidget.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(10, 10, 291, 261))
self.verticalLayoutWidget.setObjectName("verticalLayoutWidget")
self.verticalLayout = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout(self.verticalLayoutWidget)
self.verticalLayout.setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 0)
self.verticalLayout.setSpacing(20)
self.verticalLayout.setObjectName("verticalLayout")
self.horizontalLayout_2 = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout()
self.horizontalLayout_2.setObjectName("horizontalLayout_2")
self.label = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.verticalLayoutWidget)
self.label.setAlignment(QtCore.Qt.AlignJustify | QtCore.Qt.AlignTop)
self.label.setObjectName("label")
self.horizontalLayout_2.addWidget(self.label)
self.tbx_text = QtWidgets.QTextEdit(self.verticalLayoutWidget)
self.tbx_text.setObjectName("tbx_text")
self.horizontalLayout_2.addWidget(self.tbx_text)
self.verticalLayout.addLayout(self.horizontalLayout_2)
self.horizontalLayout_4 = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout()
self.horizontalLayout_4.setObjectName("horizontalLayout_4")
self.label_3 = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.verticalLayoutWidget)
self.label_3.setObjectName("label_3")
self.horizontalLayout_4.addWidget(self.label_3)
self.slider_rate = QtWidgets.QSlider(self.verticalLayoutWidget)
self.slider_rate.setMaximum(300)
self.slider_rate.setOrientation(QtCore.Qt.Horizontal)
self.slider_rate.setObjectName("slider_rate")
self.horizontalLayout_4.addWidget(self.slider_rate)
self.label_rate = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.verticalLayoutWidget)
self.label_rate.setMinimumSize(QtCore.QSize(30, 0))
self.label_rate.setAlignment(QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter)
self.label_rate.setObjectName("label_rate")
self.horizontalLayout_4.addWidget(self.label_rate)
self.verticalLayout.addLayout(self.horizontalLayout_4)
self.horizontalLayout_3 = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout()
self.horizontalLayout_3.setObjectName("horizontalLayout_3")
self.label_2 = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.verticalLayoutWidget)
self.label_2.setObjectName("label_2")
self.horizontalLayout_3.addWidget(self.label_2)
self.slider_volumn = QtWidgets.QSlider(self.verticalLayoutWidget)
self.slider_volumn.setMaximum(100)
self.slider_volumn.setOrientation(QtCore.Qt.Horizontal)
self.slider_volumn.setObjectName("slider_volumn")
self.horizontalLayout_3.addWidget(self.slider_volumn)
self.label_volumn = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.verticalLayoutWidget)
self.label_volumn.setMinimumSize(QtCore.QSize(30, 0))
self.label_volumn.setAlignment(QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter)
self.label_volumn.setObjectName("label_volumn")
self.horizontalLayout_3.addWidget(self.label_volumn)
self.verticalLayout.addLayout(self.horizontalLayout_3)
self.horizontalLayout = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout()
self.horizontalLayout.setObjectName("horizontalLayout")
self.label_4 = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.verticalLayoutWidget)
self.label_4.setObjectName("label_4")
self.horizontalLayout.addWidget(self.label_4)
self.rbtn_zh = QtWidgets.QRadioButton(self.verticalLayoutWidget)
self.rbtn_zh.setChecked(True)
self.rbtn_zh.setObjectName("rbtn_zh")
self.horizontalLayout.addWidget(self.rbtn_zh)
self.rbtn_en = QtWidgets.QRadioButton(self.verticalLayoutWidget)
self.rbtn_en.setObjectName("rbtn_en")
self.horizontalLayout.addWidget(self.rbtn_en)
self.verticalLayout.addLayout(self.horizontalLayout)
self.horizontalLayout_5 = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout()
self.horizontalLayout_5.setObjectName("horizontalLayout_5")
self.label_5 = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.verticalLayoutWidget)
self.label_5.setMinimumSize(QtCore.QSize(60, 0))
self.label_5.setText("")
self.label_5.setObjectName("label_5")
self.horizontalLayout_5.addWidget(self.label_5)
self.btn_play = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.verticalLayoutWidget)
self.btn_play.setMinimumSize(QtCore.QSize(0, 30))
self.btn_play.setObjectName("btn_play")
self.horizontalLayout_5.addWidget(self.btn_play)
self.verticalLayout.addLayout(self.horizontalLayout_5)
self.retranslateUi(Form)
QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(Form)
def retranslateUi(self, Form):
_translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
Form.setWindowTitle(_translate("Form", "语音合成器"))
self.label.setText(_translate("Form", "播报文本"))
self.label_3.setText(_translate("Form", "语速"))
self.label_rate.setText(_translate("Form", "0"))
self.label_2.setText(_translate("Form", "音量"))
self.label_volumn.setText(_translate("Form", "0"))
self.label_4.setText(_translate("Form", "选择语言"))
self.rbtn_zh.setText(_translate("Form", "中文"))
self.rbtn_en.setText(_translate("Form", "英文"))
self.btn_play.setText(_translate("Form", "播放"))如果直接複製此程式碼，可能會出現圖示遺失的問題。這個需要根據實際情況修改icon的配置，並添加要使用的ico圖示檔案。
首先我們需要初始化並取得語音合成用的語音引擎物件。
# tts对象 engine = pyttsx3.init()
我們可以透過該物件的setProperty方法，對語音合成的物件的屬性進行修改：
| 屬性名稱 | 解釋 |
| rate | 以每分鐘字數表示的整數語速 |
| volume | 音量，取值範圍為[0.0, 1.0] |
| voices | 語音的字串識別碼 |
import pyttsx3
class VoiceEngine():
'''
tts 语音工具类
'''
def __init__(self):
'''
初始化
'''
# tts对象
self.__engine = pyttsx3.init()
# 语速
self.__rate = 150
# 音量
self.__volume = 100
# 语音ID，0为中文，1为英文
self.__voice = 0
@property
def Rate(self):
'''
语速属性
'''
return self.__rate
@Rate.setter
def Rate(self, value):
self.__rate = value
@property
def Volume(self):
'''
音量属性
'''
return self.__volume
@Volume.setter
def Volume(self, value):
self.__volume = value
@property
def VoiceID(self):
'''
语音ID：0 -- 中文；1 -- 英文
'''
return self.__voice
@VoiceID.setter
def VoiceID(self, value):
self.__voice = value
def Say(self, text):
'''
播放语音
'''
self.__engine.setProperty('rate', self.__rate)
self.__engine.setProperty('volume', self.__volume)
# 获取可用语音列表，并设置语音
voices = self.__engine.getProperty('voices')
self.__engine.setProperty('voice', voices[self.__voice].id)
# 保存语音文件
# self.__engine.save_to_file(text, 'test.mp3')
self.__engine.say(text)
self.__engine.runAndWait()
self.__engine.stop()import sys
import _thread as th
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QMainWindow, QApplication
from Ui_tts_form import Ui_Form
class MainWindow(QMainWindow, Ui_Form):
'''
窗体类
'''
def __init__(self, parent=None):
'''
初始化窗体
'''
super(MainWindow, self).__init__(parent)
self.setupUi(self)
# 获取tts工具类实例
self.engine = VoiceEngine()
self.__isPlaying = False
# 设置初始文本
self.tbx_text.setText('床前明月光，疑似地上霜。\n举头望明月，低头思故乡。')
# 进度条数据绑定到label中显示
self.slider_rate.valueChanged.connect(self.setRateTextValue)
self.slider_volumn.valueChanged.connect(self.setVolumnTextValue)
# 设置进度条初始值
self.slider_rate.setValue(self.engine.Rate)
self.slider_volumn.setValue(self.engine.Volume)
# RadioButton选择事件
self.rbtn_zh.toggled.connect(self.onSelectVoice_zh)
self.rbtn_en.toggled.connect(self.onSelectVoice_en)
# 播放按钮点击事件
self.btn_play.clicked.connect(self.onPlayButtonClick)
def setRateTextValue(self):
'''
修改语速label文本值
'''
value = self.slider_rate.value()
self.label_rate.setText(str(value))
self.engine.Rate = value
def setVolumnTextValue(self):
'''
修改音量label文本值
'''
value = self.slider_volumn.value()
self.label_volumn.setText(str(value / 100))
self.engine.Volume = value
def onSelectVoice_zh(self):
'''
修改中文的语音配置及默认播放文本
'''
self.tbx_text.setText('床前明月光，疑似地上霜。\n举头望明月，低头思故乡。')
self.engine.VoiceID = 0
def onSelectVoice_en(self):
'''
修改英文的语音配置及默认的播放文本
'''
self.tbx_text.setText('Hello World')
self.engine.VoiceID = 1
def playVoice(self):
'''
播放
'''
if self.__isPlaying is not True:
self.__isPlaying = True
text = self.tbx_text.toPlainText()
self.engine.Say(text)
self.__isPlaying = False
def onPlayButtonClick(self):
'''
播放按钮点击事件
开启线程新线程播放语音，避免窗体因为语音播放而假卡死
'''
th.start_new_thread(self.playVoice, ())import sys
import _thread as th
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QMainWindow, QApplication
from Ui_tts_form import Ui_Form
import pyttsx3
class VoiceEngine():
'''
tts 语音工具类
'''
def __init__(self):
'''
初始化
'''
# tts对象
self.__engine = pyttsx3.init()
# 语速
self.__rate = 150
# 音量
self.__volume = 100
# 语音ID，0为中文，1为英文
self.__voice = 0
@property
def Rate(self):
'''
语速属性
'''
return self.__rate
@Rate.setter
def Rate(self, value):
self.__rate = value
@property
def Volume(self):
'''
音量属性
'''
return self.__volume
@Volume.setter
def Volume(self, value):
self.__volume = value
@property
def VoiceID(self):
'''
语音ID：0 -- 中文；1 -- 英文
'''
return self.__voice
@VoiceID.setter
def VoiceID(self, value):
self.__voice = value
def Say(self, text):
'''
播放语音
'''
self.__engine.setProperty('rate', self.__rate)
self.__engine.setProperty('volume', self.__volume)
voices = self.__engine.getProperty('voices')
self.__engine.setProperty('voice', voices[self.__voice])
# 保存语音文件
# self.__engine.save_to_file(text, 'test.mp3')
self.__engine.say(text)
self.__engine.runAndWait()
self.__engine.stop()
class MainWindow(QMainWindow, Ui_Form):
'''
窗体类
'''
def __init__(self, parent=None):
'''
初始化窗体
'''
super(MainWindow, self).__init__(parent)
self.setupUi(self)
# 获取tts工具类实例
self.engine = VoiceEngine()
self.__isPlaying = False
# 设置初始文本
self.tbx_text.setText('床前明月光，疑似地上霜。\n举头望明月，低头思故乡。')
# 进度条数据绑定到label中显示
self.slider_rate.valueChanged.connect(self.setRateTextValue)
self.slider_volumn.valueChanged.connect(self.setVolumnTextValue)
# 设置进度条初始值
self.slider_rate.setValue(self.engine.Rate)
self.slider_volumn.setValue(self.engine.Volume)
# RadioButton选择事件
self.rbtn_zh.toggled.connect(self.onSelectVoice_zh)
self.rbtn_en.toggled.connect(self.onSelectVoice_en)
# 播放按钮点击事件
self.btn_play.clicked.connect(self.onPlayButtonClick)
def setRateTextValue(self):
'''
修改语速label文本值
'''
value = self.slider_rate.value()
self.label_rate.setText(str(value))
self.engine.Rate = value
def setVolumnTextValue(self):
'''
修改音量label文本值
'''
value = self.slider_volumn.value()
self.label_volumn.setText(str(value / 100))
self.engine.Volume = value
def onSelectVoice_zh(self):
'''
修改中文的语音配置及默认播放文本
'''
self.tbx_text.setText('床前明月光，疑似地上霜。\n举头望明月，低头思故乡。')
self.engine.VoiceID = 0
def onSelectVoice_en(self):
'''
修改英文的语音配置及默认的播放文本
'''
self.tbx_text.setText('Hello World')
self.engine.VoiceID = 1
def playVoice(self):
'''
播放
'''
if self.__isPlaying is not True:
self.__isPlaying = True
text = self.tbx_text.toPlainText()
self.engine.Say(text)
self.__isPlaying = False
def onPlayButtonClick(self):
'''
修改语速label文本值
'''
th.start_new_thread(self.playVoice, ())
if __name__ == "__main__":
'''
主函数
'''
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
form = MainWindow()
form.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())以上是Python語音合成小工具的實作方法的詳細內容。更多資訊請關注PHP中文網其他相關文章！
