golang程式圖示修改

當我們日常使用電腦時，我們常常需要開啟一些常用的程式。這些程式會在我們的介面上展示一個特定的圖標，以便我們快速地識別和找到它們。但是在某些情況下，我們可能會想要更改這些程式圖標，例如讓它們更符合自己的個人喜好或主題。

在本篇文章中，我們將著重於如何使用golang和一些系統函式庫來更改程式的圖示。我們將使用Windows作為我們的示範環境。

首先，讓我們概述一下我們需要進行的基本步驟：

1. 開啟程式的資源檔案（.exe或.dll檔案）並找到它的圖示資源。
2. 將新的圖示資源新增到程式的資源檔案中。
3. 更改程式的.manifest文件，以便它可以存取新的圖示資源。

接下來，我們將逐一討論如何完成這些步驟。

第一步：開啟資源檔案並找到圖示資源

在golang中，我們可以使用系統庫「syscall」中的函數來開啟和讀取檔案。為此，我們需要定義一些必要的變數：

package main

import (
    "os"
    "syscall"
    "unsafe"
)

var (
    kernel32DLL                             = syscall.MustLoadDLL("kernel32.dll")
    BeginUpdateResourceProc     = kernel32DLL.MustFindProc("BeginUpdateResourceW")
    UpdateResourceProc              = kernel32DLL.MustFindProc("UpdateResourceW")
    EndUpdateResourceProc       = kernel32DLL.MustFindProc("EndUpdateResourceW")
)

我們這裡使用了Windows API中的幾個函數，分別是「BeginUpdateResourceW」、「UpdateResourceW」和「EndUpdateResourceW」。這些函數可以幫助我們操作程式資源檔案中的資源。

接下來，我們需要開啟要變更的程式的資源檔案（可以是.exe或.dll檔案），並找到其圖示資源。這裡我們使用了一個名為「findIconIndex」的函數來遍歷程式資源文件，找到其圖示資源所在的索引號。

func findIconIndex(exePath string) (int, error) {
    exeFile, err := os.OpenFile(exePath, os.O_RDWR, 0666)
    defer exeFile.Close()
    if err != nil {
        return 0, err
    }
    exeStat, err := exeFile.Stat()
    if err != nil {
        return 0, err
    }
    exeSize := exeStat.Size()

    // DOS header
    dosHeader := new(image.DosHeader)
    err = binary.Read(exeFile, binary.LittleEndian, dosHeader)
    if err != nil {
        return 0, err
    }
    exeFile.Seek(int64(dosHeader.Lfanew), 0)

    // File header and optional header
    fileHeader := new(image.FileHeader)
    err = binary.Read(exeFile, binary.LittleEndian, fileHeader)
    if err != nil {
        return 0, err
    }
    extHeader := make([]byte, fileHeader.SizeOfOptionalHeader-2)
    exeFile.Read(extHeader)

    // Section headers
    sections := make([]image.SectionHeader, fileHeader.NumberOfSections)
    err = binary.Read(exeFile, binary.LittleEndian, sections)
    if err != nil {
        return 0, err
    }

    // Find icon resource
    for _, section := range sections {
        if section.Name == ".rsrc" {
            exeFile.Seek(int64(section.Offset), 0)
            resourceHeader := new(resourceHeader)
            err = binary.Read(exeFile, binary.LittleEndian, resourceHeader)
            if err != nil {
                return 0, err
            }
            stack := []resourceDirectoryEntry{resourceDirectoryEntry{uint32(resourceHeader.RootID), int64(resourceHeader.OffsetToDirectory)}}
            for len(stack) > 0 {
                currentEntry := stack[len(stack)-1]
                stack = stack[:len(stack)-1]
                exeFile.Seek(currentEntry.offset, 0)
                directoryHeader := new(resourceDirectoryHeader)
                err = binary.Read(exeFile, binary.LittleEndian, directoryHeader)
                if err != nil {
                    return 0, err
                }
                entries := make([]resourceDirectoryEntry, directoryHeader.NumNamedEntries+directoryHeader.NumIDEntries)
                for i := range entries {
                    err = binary.Read(exeFile, binary.LittleEndian, &entries[i])
                    if err != nil {
                        return 0, err
                    }
                    if entries[i].nameIsString {
                        nameBytes := make([]byte, entries[i].nameOffset&0x7FFFFFFF)
                        exeFile.Read(nameBytes)
                        entries[i].name = syscall.UTF16ToString(nameBytes)
                    }
                }
                for _, entry := range entries {
                    if entry.ID&^0xFFFF == rtIcon {
                        return int(entry.ID & 0xFFFF), nil
                    } else if entry.name == "ICON" {
                        stack = append(stack, resourceDirectoryEntry{entry.ID, int64(entry.offset)})
                    } else if entry.name == "#0" && entry.ID&^0xFFFF == rtGroupIcon {
                        groupIconDirHeader := new(resourceGroupIconDirectoryHeader)
                        exeFile.Seek(int64(entry.offset), 0)
                        err = binary.Read(exeFile, binary.LittleEndian, groupIconDirHeader)
                        if err != nil {
                            return 0, err
                        }
                        var largestIcon resourceGroupIconDirectoryEntry
                        for i := 0; i < int(groupIconDirHeader.Count); i++ {
                            groupIconDirEntry := new(resourceGroupIconDirectoryEntry)
                            err = binary.Read(exeFile, binary.LittleEndian, groupIconDirEntry)
                            if err != nil {
                                return 0, err
                            }
                            if groupIconDirEntry.Width > largestIcon.Width || groupIconDirEntry.Height > largestIcon.Height {
                                largestIcon = *groupIconDirEntry
                            }
                        }
                        return int(largestIcon.ID), nil
                    } else if entry.name == "ICONGROUP" {
                        stack = append(stack, resourceDirectoryEntry{entry.ID, int64(entry.offset)})
                    } else if entry.name == "MAINICON" {
                        stack = append(stack, resourceDirectoryEntry{entry.ID, int64(entry.offset)})
                    } else {
                        stack = append(stack, resourceDirectoryEntry{entry.ID, int64(entry.offset)})
                    }
                }
            }
            return 0, fmt.Errorf("Icon not found")
        }
    }
    return 0, fmt.Errorf("Resource not found")
}

此函數遍歷程式資源檔案中的每個節（.rsrc）並找到圖示資源的索引。通常情況下，索引取決於圖示資​​源的大小和格式。我們可以自行決定要變更的圖標資源在資源文件中的索引。

第二步：將新的圖示資源新增至資源檔案

要將新的圖示資源新增至程式資源檔案中，我們需要先將其儲存為ICO檔案格式。我們可以使用golang中的image庫來建立ICO檔案。

package main

import (
    "image"
    "image/draw"
    "image/png"
    "os"
)

func writeIcoFile(icon image.Image, filename string) error {
    file, err := os.Create(filename)
    if err != nil {
        return err
    }
    defer file.Close()

    // Create icon file header
    iconSize := icon.Bounds().Size()
    fileHeader := new(resourceIconFileHeader)
    fileHeader.Reserved = 0
    fileHeader.Type = 1
    fileHeader.Count = 1

    // Create icon directory entry
    dirEntry := new(resourceIconDirectoryEntry)
    dirEntry.Width = uint8(iconSize.X)
    dirEntry.Height = uint8(iconSize.Y)
    dirEntry.Colors = 0
    dirEntry.Reserved = 0
    dirEntry.Plane = 1
    dirEntry.BitCount = 32
    dirEntry.SizeInBytes = uint32(40 + 4*iconSize.X*iconSize.Y)
    dirEntry.Offset = 22

    // Create bitmap info header and color mask for bitmap graphics
    colorMask := [12]byte{0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00}
    infoHeader := new(bitmapInfoHeader)
    infoHeader.Size = 40
    infoHeader.Width = int32(iconSize.X)
    infoHeader.Height = int32(2 * iconSize.Y)
    infoHeader.Planes = 1
    infoHeader.BitCount = 32
    infoHeader.Compression = 0
    infoHeader.SizeImage = uint32(4 * iconSize.X * iconSize.Y)
    infoHeader.XPelsPerMeter = 0
    infoHeader.YPelsPerMeter = 0
    infoHeader.ClrUsed = 0
    infoHeader.ClrImportant = 0

    // Write icon file header, directory entry, bitmap info header and color mask
    binary.Write(file, binary.LittleEndian, fileHeader)
    binary.Write(file, binary.LittleEndian, dirEntry)
    binary.Write(file, binary.LittleEndian, infoHeader)
    binary.Write(file, binary.LittleEndian, colorMask)

    // Write bitmap graphics
    rgba := image.NewRGBA(image.Rect(0, 0, iconSize.X, 2*iconSize.Y))
    draw.Draw(rgba, rgba.Bounds(), image.Black, image.ZP, draw.Src)
    draw.Draw(rgba, image.Rect(0, 0, iconSize.X, iconSize.Y), icon, image.ZP, draw.Over)
    draw.Draw(rgba, image.Rect(0, iconSize.Y, iconSize.X, 2*iconSize.Y), image.Transparent, image.ZP, draw.Src)
    err = png.Encode(file, rgba)
    if err != nil {
        return err
    }

    return nil
}

這個函數建立了一個ICO檔案頭，並將圖示資源附加到其中。 ICO文件頭包含有關ICO文件中的圖示資源的必要資訊。

接下來，我們將它們寫入資源檔案中。我們需要使用Windows API中的「BeginUpdateResource」、「UpdateResource」和「EndUpdateResource」函數來執行此操作。

func updateIcon(exePath, icoPath string, iconIndex int) error {
    exeFile, err := os.OpenFile(exePath, os.O_RDWR, 0666)
    defer exeFile.Close()
    if err != nil {
        return err
    }

    icoFile, err := os.Open(icoPath)
    defer icoFile.Close()
    if err != nil {
        return err
    }

    // Read ICO file and prepare icon directory entry
    icoData, err := ioutil.ReadAll(icoFile)
    if err != nil {
        return err
    }
    dirEntry := new(resourceIconDirectoryEntry)
    dirEntry.Width = 0
    dirEntry.Height = 0
    dirEntry.Colors = 0
    dirEntry.Reserved = 0
    dirEntry.Plane = 1
    dirEntry.BitCount = 0
    dirEntry.SizeInBytes = uint32(len(icoData))
    dirEntry.Offset = 22

    // Find update handle
    exeHandle, err := syscall.CreateFile(syscall.StringToUTF16Ptr(exePath), syscall.GENERIC_READ|syscall.GENERIC_WRITE, 0, nil, syscall.OPEN_EXISTING, syscall.FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, 0)
    if err != nil {
        return err
    }
    defer syscall.CloseHandle(exeHandle)
    updateHandle, _, err := BeginUpdateResourceProc.Call(uintptr(exeHandle), 0)
    defer syscall.CloseHandle(syscall.Handle(updateHandle))
    if updateHandle == 0 {
        return fmt.Errorf("BeginUpdateResourceW failed")
    }

    // Write resource to update handle
    success, _, err := UpdateResourceProc.Call(uintptr(updateHandle), uintptr(rtIcon), uintptr(iconIndex), 0, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&icoData[0])), uintptr(len(icoData)))
    if success == 0 {
        return fmt.Errorf("UpdateResourceW failed")
    }

    // Write updated icon directory entry
    success, _, err = UpdateResourceProc.Call(uintptr(updateHandle), uintptr(rtGroupIcon), uintptr(MAKEINTRESOURCE(iconIndex)), 0, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(dirEntry)), uintptr(unsafe.Sizeof(*dirEntry)))
    if success == 0 {
        return fmt.Errorf("UpdateResourceW failed")
    }

    // Commit update handle
    success, _, err = EndUpdateResourceProc.Call(updateHandle, 0)
    if success == 0 {
        return fmt.Errorf("EndUpdateResourceW failed")
    }

    return nil
}

第三個步驟：更改程式的.manifest檔案

我們需要更改程式的.manifest文件，以便它可以存取新的圖示資源。為此，我們需要在.manifest檔案中新增以下內容：

<assembly xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1" manifestVersion="1.0">
  <assemblyIdentity type="win32" name="MyApplication" version="1.0.0.0" processorArchitecture="x86" />
  <icon type="group">MyIconResourceIndex</icon>
</assembly>

這將為程式指定一個圖示資源索引號，以便它可以使用新的圖示資源。我們可以使用golang中的os函式庫來更改.manifest檔。

func updateManifest(manifestPath string, iconIndex int) error {
    manifestData, err := ioutil.ReadFile(manifestPath)
    if err != nil {
        return err
    }

    updatedManifest := strings.Replace(string(manifestData), "</assembly>", "  <icon type="group">"+strconv.Itoa(iconIndex)+"</icon>
</assembly>", 1)

    err = ioutil.WriteFile(manifestPath, []byte(updatedManifest), 0666)
    if err != nil {
        return err
    }

    return nil
}

現在，我們已經知道如何使用golang和系統函式庫來更改程式的圖示。將這些步驟組合在一起，我們建立了一個完整的功能。下面是一個範例程式碼：

package main

import (
    "encoding/binary"
    "encoding/hex"
    "fmt"
    "image"
    "image/png"
    "io/ioutil"
    "os"
    "strconv"
    "strings"
    "syscall"
    "unsafe"
)

const (
    rtIcon        = 14
    rtGroupIcon   = rtIcon + 11
    LOAD_LIBRARY_AS_IMAGE_RESOURCE = 0x00000020
)

// Resource header
type resourceHeader struct {
    RootID        uint16
    RootType      uint16
    RootName      [16]uint16
    RootDataSize  uint32
    RootDataVer   uint32
    RootDate      uint32
    RootRMLow     uint16
    RootRMHigh    uint16
    RootLangID    uint16
    RootDataVerOS uint32
}

// Resource directory header
type resourceDirectoryHeader struct {
    Characteristics uint32
    TimeDateStamp   uint32
    VersionMajor    uint16
    VersionMinor    uint16
    NumNamedEntries uint16
    NumIDEntries    uint16
}

// Resource directory entry
type resourceDirectoryEntry struct {
    nameIsString bool
    ID           uint32
    offset       uint32
    nameOffset   uint32
    name         string
}

// Resource icon file header
type resourceIconFileHeader struct {
    Reserved uint16
    Type     uint16
    Count    uint16
}

// Resource icon directory entry
type resourceIconDirectoryEntry struct {
    Width       uint8
    Height      uint8
    Colors      uint8
    Reserved    uint8
    Plane       uint16
    BitCount    uint16
    SizeInBytes uint32
    Offset      uint32
}

// Resource group icon directory header
type resourceGroupIconDirectoryHeader struct {
    Width    uint16
    Height   uint16
    ColorCount uint16
    Reserved uint16
    Planes   uint16
    BitCount uint16
    Count    uint32
}

// Resource group icon directory entry
type resourceGroupIconDirectoryEntry struct {
    Width      uint8
    Height     uint8
    ColorCount uint8
    Reserved   uint8
    Planes     uint16
    BitCount   uint16
    BytesInRes uint32
    ID         uint16
}

// Bitmap header
type bitmapInfoHeader struct {
    Size          uint32
    Width         int32
    Height        int32
    Planes        uint16
    BitCount      uint16
    Compression   uint32
    SizeImage     uint32
    XPelsPerMeter int32
    YPelsPerMeter int32
    ClrUsed       uint32
    ClrImportant  uint32
}

var (
    kernel32DLL                = syscall.MustLoadDLL("kernel32.dll")
    user32DLL                  = syscall.MustLoadDLL("user32.dll")
    autoDetectEncodingProc     = kernel32DLL.MustFindProc("AutoDetectEncoding")
    BeginUpdateResourceProc    = kernel32DLL.MustFindProc("BeginUpdateResourceW")
    LoadImageProc              = user32DLL.MustFindProc("LoadImageW")
    ResourceNotFound         = fmt.Errorf("Resource not found")
    NoIconFound             = fmt.Errorf("Icon not found")
)

func main() {
    exePath := "path/to/program.exe"
    icoPath := "path/to/newicon.png"
    manifestPath := "path/to/program.exe.manifest"
    iconIndex, err := findIconIndex(exePath)

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