# 專案我們常有前後端時間轉換的場景,例如:創建時間、更新時間等。一般情況下,前後端使用時間戳記或年月日的格式進行傳遞。
如果後端收到了前端的參數每次都手動轉換為想要的格式,後端每次將資料傳給前端時都手動處理為想要的格式實在是太麻煩了。
要分兩種情境進行設定(根據Content-Type的不同):
1.application/x-www-form-urlencoded 和multipart/ form-data
本處將此種情況記為:不使用@RequestBody
2.application/json
#即:使用@RequestBody的介面
本處將此種情況記為:使用@RequestBody
備註
有人說,可以這樣設定:
spring:
jackson:
date-format: yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss
time-zone: GMT 8
serialization:
write-dates-as-timestamps: false
此配置只適用於Date這種,不適用於LocalDateTime等。
Date序列化/反序列化時都是用的這種格式:"2020-08-19T16:30:18.823 00:00"。
配置類別
package com.example.config; import org.springframework.web.bind.WebDataBinder; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.InitBinder; import java.beans.PropertyEditorSupport; import java.time.LocalDate; import java.time.LocalDateTime; import java.time.LocalTime; import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter; @ControllerAdvice public class LocalDateTimeAdvice { @InitBinder protected void initBinder(WebDataBinder binder) { binder.registerCustomEditor(LocalDateTime.class, new PropertyEditorSupport() { @Override public void setAsText(String text) throws IllegalArgumentException { setValue(LocalDateTime.parse(text, DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"))); } }); binder.registerCustomEditor(LocalDate.class, new PropertyEditorSupport() { @Override public void setAsText(String text) throws IllegalArgumentException { setValue(LocalDate.parse(text, DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd"))); } }); binder.registerCustomEditor(LocalTime.class, new PropertyEditorSupport() { @Override public void setAsText(String text) throws IllegalArgumentException { setValue(LocalTime.parse(text, DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("HH:mm:ss"))); } }); } }
#Entity
package com.example.business.entity; import lombok.AllArgsConstructor; import lombok.Data; import java.time.LocalDateTime; @Data @AllArgsConstructor public class User { private Long id; private String userName; private LocalDateTime createTime; }
Controller
package com.example.business.controller; import com.example.business.entity.User; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; @RestController @RequestMapping("user") public class UserController { @PostMapping("save") public User save(User user) { System.out.println("保存用户:" + user); return user; } }
測試
postman存取:http://localhost:8080/user/save? userName=Tony&createTime=2021-09-16 21:13:21
postman結果:
##後端結果:#方案2:自訂參數轉換器(Converter)實作org.springframework.core.convert.converter.Converter,自訂參數轉換器。
設定類別
package com.example.config; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.core.convert.converter.Converter; import java.time.LocalDateTime; import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter; @Configuration public class LocalDateTimeConfig { @Bean public Converter<String, LocalDateTime> localDateTimeConverter() { return new LocalDateTimeConverter(); } public static class LocalDateTimeConverter implements Converter<String, LocalDateTime> { @Override public LocalDateTime convert(String s) { return LocalDateTime.parse(s, DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")); } } }
Entity#
package com.example.business.entity; import lombok.AllArgsConstructor; import lombok.Data; import java.time.LocalDateTime; @Data @AllArgsConstructor public class User { private Long id; private String userName; private LocalDateTime createTime; }
Controller
package com.example.business.controller; import com.example.business.entity.User; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; @RestController @RequestMapping("user") public class UserController { @PostMapping("save") public User save(User user) { System.out.println("保存用户:" + user); return user; } }
#測試
postman存取:http://localhost:8080/user/save?userName=Tony&createTime=2021-09-16 21:13:21postman結果:後端結果
#使用@RequestBody
方案1:設定ObjectMapper法1:只用配置類別
本方法只配置ObjectMapper即可,Entity不需要加@JsonFormat。設定類別
package com.knife.example.config; import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonParser; import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.DeserializationContext; import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.MapperFeature; import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper; import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.deser.std.DateDeserializers; import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ser.std.DateSerializer; import com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype.jsr310.JavaTimeModule; import com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype.jsr310.deser.LocalDateDeserializer; import com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype.jsr310.deser.LocalDateTimeDeserializer; import com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype.jsr310.deser.LocalTimeDeserializer; import com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype.jsr310.ser.LocalDateSerializer; import com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype.jsr310.ser.LocalDateTimeSerializer; import com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype.jsr310.ser.LocalTimeSerializer; import lombok.SneakyThrows; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jackson.JacksonProperties; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.http.converter.json.Jackson2ObjectMapperBuilder; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; import java.time.LocalDate; import java.time.LocalDateTime; import java.time.LocalTime; import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter; import java.util.Date; @Configuration public class JacksonConfig { @Bean public ObjectMapper objectMapper(Jackson2ObjectMapperBuilder builder, JacksonProperties jacksonProperties) { ObjectMapper objectMapper = builder.build(); // 把“忽略重复的模块注册”禁用,否则下面的注册不生效 objectMapper.disable(MapperFeature.IGNORE_DUPLICATE_MODULE_REGISTRATIONS); objectMapper.registerModule(configTimeModule()); // 重新设置为生效,避免被其他地方覆盖 objectMapper.enable(MapperFeature.IGNORE_DUPLICATE_MODULE_REGISTRATIONS); return objectMapper; } private JavaTimeModule configTimeModule() { JavaTimeModule javaTimeModule = new JavaTimeModule(); String localDateTimeFormat = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"; String localDateFormat = "yyyy-MM-dd"; String localTimeFormat = "HH:mm:ss"; String dateFormat = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"; // 序列化 javaTimeModule.addSerializer( LocalDateTime.class, new LocalDateTimeSerializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(localDateTimeFormat))); javaTimeModule.addSerializer( LocalDate.class, new LocalDateSerializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(localDateFormat))); javaTimeModule.addSerializer( LocalTime.class, new LocalTimeSerializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(localTimeFormat))); javaTimeModule.addSerializer( Date.class, new DateSerializer(false, new SimpleDateFormat(dateFormat))); // 反序列化 javaTimeModule.addDeserializer( LocalDateTime.class, new LocalDateTimeDeserializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(localDateTimeFormat))); javaTimeModule.addDeserializer( LocalDate.class, new LocalDateDeserializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(localDateFormat))); javaTimeModule.addDeserializer( LocalTime.class, new LocalTimeDeserializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(localTimeFormat))); javaTimeModule.addDeserializer(Date.class, new DateDeserializers.DateDeserializer(){ @SneakyThrows @Override public Date deserialize(JsonParser jsonParser, DeserializationContext dc){ String text = jsonParser.getText().trim(); SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat(dateFormat); return sdf.parse(text); } }); return javaTimeModule; } }
package com.example.business.entity; import lombok.Data; import java.time.LocalDateTime; @Data public class User { private Long id; private String userName; private LocalDateTime createTime; }
Controller
package com.example.business.controller; import com.example.business.entity.User; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; @RestController @RequestMapping("user") public class UserController { @PostMapping("save") public User save(@RequestBody User user) { System.out.println("保存用户:" + user); return user; } }
#測試
後端結果
# 儲存使用者:User(id=null, userName=Tony, createTime=2021- 09-16T21:13:21)法2:設定類別@JsonFormat
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper; import com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype.jdk8.Jdk8Module; import com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype.jsr310.JavaTimeModule; import com.fasterxml.jackson.module.paramnames.ParameterNamesModule; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jackson.JacksonProperties; import org.springframework.boot.jackson.JsonComponent; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.http.converter.json.Jackson2ObjectMapperBuilder; @Configuration public class JacksonConfig { @Bean public ObjectMapper serializingObjectMapper(Jackson2ObjectMapperBuilder builder, JacksonProperties jacksonProperties) { ObjectMapper objectMapper = builder.build(); // 把“忽略重复的模块注册”禁用,否则下面的注册不生效 objectMapper.disable(MapperFeature.IGNORE_DUPLICATE_MODULE_REGISTRATIONS); // 自动扫描并注册相关模块 objectMapper.findAndRegisterModules(); // 手动注册相关模块 // objectMapper.registerModule(new ParameterNamesModule()); // objectMapper.registerModule(new Jdk8Module()); // objectMapper.registerModule(new JavaTimeModule()); // 重新设置为生效,避免被其他地方覆盖 objectMapper.enable(MapperFeature.IGNORE_DUPLICATE_MODULE_REGISTRATIONS); return objectMapper; } }
package com.example.business.entity; import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonFormat; import lombok.Data; import java.time.LocalDateTime; @Data public class User { private Long id; private String userName; @JsonFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss", timezone = "GMT+8") private LocalDateTime createTime; }
package com.example.business.controller; import com.example.business.entity.User; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; @RestController @RequestMapping("user") public class UserController { @PostMapping("save") public User save(@RequestBody User user) { System.out.println("保存用户:" + user); return user; } }
import com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype.jsr310.deser.LocalDateDeserializer; import com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype.jsr310.deser.LocalDateTimeDeserializer; import com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype.jsr310.deser.LocalTimeDeserializer; import com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype.jsr310.ser.LocalDateSerializer; import com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype.jsr310.ser.LocalDateTimeSerializer; import com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype.jsr310.ser.LocalTimeSerializer; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jackson.Jackson2ObjectMapperBuilderCustomizer; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import java.time.LocalDate; import java.time.LocalDateTime; import java.time.LocalTime; import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter; @Configuration public class LocalDateTimeConfig { private final String localDateTimeFormat = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"; private final String localDateFormat = "yyyy-MM-dd"; private final String localTimeFormat = "HH:mm:ss"; @Bean public Jackson2ObjectMapperBuilderCustomizer jackson2ObjectMapperBuilderCustomizer() { return builder -> { // 反序列化(接收数据) builder.deserializerByType(LocalDateTime.class, new LocalDateTimeDeserializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(localDateTimeFormat))); builder.deserializerByType(LocalDate.class, new LocalDateDeserializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(localDateFormat))); builder.deserializerByType(LocalTime.class, new LocalTimeDeserializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(localTimeFormat))); // 序列化(返回数据) builder.serializerByType(LocalDateTime.class, new LocalDateTimeSerializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(localDateTimeFormat))); builder.serializerByType(LocalDate.class, new LocalDateSerializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(localDateFormat))); builder.serializerByType(LocalTime.class, new LocalTimeSerializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(localTimeFormat))); }; } }
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