SpringBoot整合ES解析搜尋回傳字段問題怎麼解決

1. 資料建構

索引2個文件到hotel 索引：

PUT /hotel/_doc/1
{
  "title": "文雅酒店",
  "city": "青岛",
  "price": 556,
  "create_time": "20200418120000",
  "amenities": "浴池,普通停车场/充电停车场",
  "full_room": false,
  "location": {
    "lat": 36.083078,
    "lon": 120.37566
  },
  "praise": 10
}

PUT /hotel/_doc/2
{
  "title": "金都嘉怡假日酒店",
  "city": "北京",
  "price": 337,
  "create_time": "20210315200000",
  "amenities": "wifi,充电停车场/可升降停车场",
  "full_room": false,
  "location": {
    "lat": 39.915153,
    "lon": 116.403
  },
  "praise": 60
}

PUT /hotel/_doc/1
{
  "title": "文雅酒店",
  "city": "青岛",
  "price": 556,
  "create_time": "20200418120000",
  "amenities": "浴池,普通停车场/充电停车场",
  "full_room": false,
  "location": {
    "lat": 36.083078,
    "lon": 120.37566
  },
  "praise": 10
}

PUT /hotel/_doc/2
{
  "title": "金都嘉怡假日酒店",
  "city": "北京",
  "price": 337,
  "create_time": "20210315200000",
  "amenities": "wifi,充电停车场/可升降停车场",
  "full_room": false,
  "location": {
    "lat": 39.915153,
    "lon": 116.403
  },
  "praise": 60
}

2. ElasticSearch 查詢群集中所有索引中的所有文件

 GET /hotel/_search

{
  "took" : 499,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 2,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 1.0,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "hotel",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "2",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "title" : "金都嘉怡假日酒店",
          "city" : "北京",
          "price" : 337,
          "create_time" : "20210315200000",
          "amenities" : "wifi,充电停车场/可升降停车场",
          "full_room" : false,
          "location" : {
            "lat" : 39.915153,
            "lon" : 116.403
          },
          "praise" : 60
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "hotel",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "title" : "文雅酒店",
          "city" : "青岛",
          "price" : 556,
          "create_time" : "20200418120000",
          "amenities" : "浴池,普通停车场/充电停车场",
          "full_room" : false,
          "location" : {
            "lat" : 36.083078,
            "lon" : 120.37566
          },
          "praise" : 10
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

3. ElasticSearch 搜尋結果欄位解析

#1. took 搜尋請求耗費了多少毫秒

took# 值告訴我們執行整個搜尋請求耗費了多少毫秒。

2. shards 查詢中參與分片的總數

_shards 部分告訴我們在查詢中參與分片的總數，以及這些分片成功了多少個失敗了多少個。正常情況下我們不希望分片失敗，但是分片失敗是可能發生的。如果我們遭遇到一種災難等級的故障，在這個故障中丟失了相同分片的原始資料和副本，那麼對這個分片將沒有可用副本來對搜尋請求作出回應。假若這樣，Elasticsearch 會報告這個分片是失敗的，但會繼續傳回剩餘分片的結果。

3. timed_out 查詢是否逾時

timed_out 值告訴我們查詢是否逾時。預設情況下，搜尋請求不會逾時。

4. hits 表示搜尋結果

傳回結果中最重要的部分是hits ，它包含total 欄位來表示符合到的文檔總數，並且一個hits 陣列包含所查詢結果的前十個文件。在解析搜尋結果時，我們通常需要關注以下幾個欄位：

hits.total.value：符合的文件總數。
hits.max_score：與查詢所符合文件的_score的最大值。
hits.hits：符合的文檔清單。
hits.hits._source：符合的文檔的原始資料。
hits.hits._score：符合的文件的分數。它衡量了文檔與查詢的匹配程度,默認情況下，首先返回最相關的文檔結果，就是說，返回的文檔是按照score 降序排列的。
hits.hits.highlight：符合的文件的高亮顯示資訊。

4. SpringBoot 整合ElasticSearch取得搜尋結果

@Slf4j
@Service
public class ElasticSearchImpl {

    @Autowired
    private RestHighLevelClient restHighLevelClient;

    public void searchUser() throws IOException {
        SearchSourceBuilder searchSourceBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder();
        SearchRequest searchRequest = new SearchRequest(new String[]{"hotel"},searchSourceBuilder);
        SearchResponse searchResponse = restHighLevelClient.search(searchRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);

        TimeValue took = searchResponse.getTook();
        System.out.println("took = " + took);

        // 搜索结果
        SearchHits searchHits = searchResponse.getHits();

        // hits.total.value:匹配的文档总数
        TotalHits totalHits = searchHits.getTotalHits();
        long value = totalHits.value;
        System.out.println("value = " + value);

        // hits.max_score:与查询所匹配文档的_score的最大值
        float maxScore = searchHits.getMaxScore();
        System.out.println("maxScore = " + maxScore);

        // hits.hits:匹配的文档列表
        SearchHit[] hits = searchHits.getHits();
        for (SearchHit hit : hits) {
            // hits.hits._source：匹配的文档的原始数据
            String sourceAsString = hit.getSourceAsString();
            System.out.println("sourceAsString = " + sourceAsString);

            //  hits.hits._id：匹配的文档的id
            String id = hit.getId();
            System.out.println("id = " + id);

            Map<String, DocumentField> fields = hit.getFields();
            System.out.println("fields = " + fields);

            String index = hit.getIndex();
            System.out.println("index = " + index);

            float score = hit.getScore();
            System.out.println("score = " + score);
        }
        System.out.println(searchResponse);

    }
}

@Slf4j
@Service
public class ElasticSearchImpl {

    @Autowired
    private RestHighLevelClient restHighLevelClient;

    public void searchUser() throws IOException {
        SearchSourceBuilder searchSourceBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder();
        SearchRequest searchRequest = new SearchRequest(new String[]{"hotel"},searchSourceBuilder);
        SearchResponse searchResponse = restHighLevelClient.search(searchRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);

        TimeValue took = searchResponse.getTook();
        System.out.println("took = " + took);

        // 搜索结果
        SearchHits searchHits = searchResponse.getHits();

        // hits.total.value:匹配的文档总数
        TotalHits totalHits = searchHits.getTotalHits();
        long value = totalHits.value;
        System.out.println("value = " + value);

        // hits.max_score:与查询所匹配文档的_score的最大值
        float maxScore = searchHits.getMaxScore();
        System.out.println("maxScore = " + maxScore);

        // hits.hits:匹配的文档列表
        SearchHit[] hits = searchHits.getHits();
        for (SearchHit hit : hits) {
            // hits.hits._source：匹配的文档的原始数据
            String sourceAsString = hit.getSourceAsString();
            System.out.println("sourceAsString = " + sourceAsString);

            //  hits.hits._id：匹配的文档的id
            String id = hit.getId();
            System.out.println("id = " + id);

            Map<String, DocumentField> fields = hit.getFields();
            System.out.println("fields = " + fields);

            String index = hit.getIndex();
            System.out.println("index = " + index);

            float score = hit.getScore();
            System.out.println("score = " + score);
        }
        System.out.println(searchResponse);

    }
}

took=2ms
value = 2
maxScore = 1.0

sourceAsString = {"title":"金都嘉怡假日酒店","city":"北京","price":337,"create_time":"20210315200000","amenities":"wifi,充电停车场/可升降停车场","full_room":false,"location":{"lat":39.915153,"lon":116.403},"praise":60}
id = 2
fields = {}
index = hotel
score = 1.0

sourceAsString = {"title":"文雅酒店","city":"青岛","price":556,"create_time":"20200418120000","amenities":"浴池,普通停车场/充电停车场","full_room":false,"location":{"lat":36.083078,"lon":120.37566},"praise":10}
id = 1
fields = {}
index = hotel
score = 1.0

{
    "took": 2,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 5,
        "successful": 5,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 2,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 1.0,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "hotel",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "2",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "金都嘉怡假日酒店",
                    "city": "北京",
                    "price": 337,
                    "create_time": "20210315200000",
                    "amenities": "wifi,充电停车场/可升降停车场",
                    "full_room": false,
                    "location": {
                        "lat": 39.915153,
                        "lon": 116.403
                    },
                    "praise": 60
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "hotel",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "1",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "文雅酒店",
                    "city": "青岛",
                    "price": 556,
                    "create_time": "20200418120000",
                    "amenities": "浴池,普通停车场/充电停车场",
                    "full_room": false,
                    "location": {
                        "lat": 36.083078,
                        "lon": 120.37566
                    },
                    "praise": 10
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

5 .ElasticSearch 搜尋結果的面試題

1. ElasticSearch 搜尋結果中的_score 欄位是什麼意思？

答案：_score 欄位表示符合文件的相關度得分，分數越高表示匹配度越高。

2. ElasticSearch 搜尋結果中的 highlight 欄位是什麼意思？

答案：highlight 欄位表示符合文件中被高亮顯示的欄位及其高亮顯示的內容。

3. 如何取得 ElasticSearch 搜尋結果中的總文件數？

答案：可以透過 hits.total.value 欄位取得符合的文件總數。

4. 如何取得 ElasticSearch 搜尋結果中的符合文件清單？

答案：可以透過 hits.hits 欄位取得符合的文件清單。

5. 如何取得 ElasticSearch 搜尋結果中符合文件的原始資料？

答案：可以透過 hits.hits._source 欄位取得符合文件的原始資料。

6. 如何取得 ElasticSearch 搜尋結果中符合文件的高亮顯示資訊？

答案：可以透過 hits.hits.highlight 欄位取得符合文件的高亮顯示資訊。

7. ElasticSearch 搜尋結果中的 _shards 欄位是什麼意思？

答案：_shards 欄位表示搜尋涉及的分片訊息，包括總分片數、成功的分片數、跳過的分片數和失敗的分片數。

8. ElasticSearch 搜尋結果中的 took 欄位是什麼意思？

答案：took 欄位表示搜尋耗時，單位為毫秒。

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