最新穩定版本nginx1.20.2。
為了能高效、快速的分配內存，以及減少內存碎片等，nginx實現了自己的內存池基礎組件。
主要實作檔案ngx_palloc.h, ngx_palloc.c
typedef struct {
u_char *last;
u_char *end;
ngx_pool_t *next;
ngx_uint_t failed;
} ngx_pool_data_t;
struct ngx_pool_s {
ngx_pool_data_t d;
size_t max;
ngx_pool_t *current;
ngx_chain_t *chain;
ngx_pool_large_t *large;
ngx_pool_cleanup_t *cleanup;
ngx_log_t *log;
};記憶體池中第一個成員是一個結構體：
使用ngx_pool_data_t結構體來表示目前記憶體池資訊。
last ：下次開始分配的位址
end: 記憶體池的結束位址
next: 記憶體池鍊錶，將多個記憶體池連接起來
max
整個記憶體池的最大大小
current
指向從目前記憶體池開始尋找可用記憶體
chain
buffer所使用的，這裡不涉及
large
當需要的記憶體大於記憶體池最大大小時，需要透過malloc直接分配，然後形成鍊錶進行組織
cleanup
清理工作的回呼鍊錶
log
日誌句柄
當需要分配的記憶體比記憶體池的最大大小都大時，記憶體池無法滿足分配，所以直接從系統中分配，然後構成一個鍊錶進行維護。
typedef struct ngx_pool_large_s ngx_pool_large_t;
struct ngx_pool_large_s {
ngx_pool_large_t *next;
void *alloc;
};有一個回呼任務的鍊錶，當記憶體池銷毀時，將依序遍歷此鍊錶，逐一回調handler進行清理工作。
typedef void (*ngx_pool_cleanup_pt)(void *data);
typedef struct ngx_pool_cleanup_s ngx_pool_cleanup_t;
struct ngx_pool_cleanup_s {
ngx_pool_cleanup_pt handler;
void *data;
ngx_pool_cleanup_t *next;
};
可以看出，很多節點都是從記憶體池中分配的，所以可以把精力都放在實際的資料上而不必在意其他細節上。
4.1 建立記憶體池<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:cpp;">/*
* NGX_MAX_ALLOC_FROM_POOL should be (ngx_pagesize - 1), i.e. 4095 on x86.
* On Windows NT it decreases a number of locked pages in a kernel.
*/
#define NGX_MAX_ALLOC_FROM_POOL (ngx_pagesize - 1)
#define NGX_DEFAULT_POOL_SIZE (16 * 1024)</pre><div class="contentsignin">登入後複製</div></div><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:cpp;">ngx_pool_t *
ngx_create_pool(size_t size, ngx_log_t *log)
{
ngx_pool_t *p;
p = ngx_memalign(NGX_POOL_ALIGNMENT, size, log);
if (p == NULL) {
return NULL;
}
p->d.last = (u_char *) p + sizeof(ngx_pool_t);
p->d.end = (u_char *) p + size;
p->d.next = NULL;
p->d.failed = 0;
size = size - sizeof(ngx_pool_t);
p->max = (size < NGX_MAX_ALLOC_FROM_POOL) ? size : NGX_MAX_ALLOC_FROM_POOL;
p->current = p;
p->chain = NULL;
p->large = NULL;
p->cleanup = NULL;
p->log = log;
return p;
}</pre><div class="contentsignin">登入後複製</div></div>從程式碼可以看到，記憶體池最大不超過pagesize的大小
#4.2 從記憶體池中分配空間
ngx_palloc
記憶體不對齊
ngx_pnallocvoid *
ngx_palloc(ngx_pool_t *pool, size_t size)
{
#if !(NGX_DEBUG_PALLOC)
if (size <= pool->max) {
return ngx_palloc_small(pool, size, 1);
}
#endif
return ngx_palloc_large(pool, size);
}從pool->current指向的記憶體池開始遍歷，尋找滿足分配大小的空間，找到則返回首地址
static ngx_inline void *
ngx_palloc_small(ngx_pool_t *pool, size_t size, ngx_uint_t align)
{
u_char *m;
ngx_pool_t *p;
p = pool->current;
do {
m = p->d.last;
if (align) {
m = ngx_align_ptr(m, NGX_ALIGNMENT);
}
if ((size_t) (p->d.end - m) >= size) {
p->d.last = m + size;
return m;
}
p = p->d.next;
} while (p);
return ngx_palloc_block(pool, size);
}當現有記憶體池中都無法滿足分配條件時，在建立新的記憶體池<div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:cpp;">static void *
ngx_palloc_block(ngx_pool_t *pool, size_t size)
{
u_char *m;
size_t psize;
ngx_pool_t *p, *new;
psize = (size_t) (pool->d.end - (u_char *) pool);
m = ngx_memalign(NGX_POOL_ALIGNMENT, psize, pool->log);
if (m == NULL) {
return NULL;
}
new = (ngx_pool_t *) m;
new->d.end = m + psize;
new->d.next = NULL;
new->d.failed = 0;
m += sizeof(ngx_pool_data_t);
m = ngx_align_ptr(m, NGX_ALIGNMENT);
new->d.last = m + size;
for (p = pool->current; p->d.next; p = p->d.next) {
if (p->d.failed++ > 4) {
pool->current = p->d.next;
}
}
p->d.next = new;
return m;
}</pre><div class="contentsignin">登入後複製</div></div>其中，在建立好新的記憶體池後，又做了一次遍歷，將failed計數加一，當大於4時，將跳過此記憶體池，下次就不從它開始查找。
static void *
ngx_palloc_large(ngx_pool_t *pool, size_t size)
{
void *p;
ngx_uint_t n;
ngx_pool_large_t *large;
p = ngx_alloc(size, pool->log);
if (p == NULL) {
return NULL;
}
n = 0;
for (large = pool->large; large; large = large->next) {
if (large->alloc == NULL) {
large->alloc = p;
return p;
}
if (n++ > 3) {
break;
}
}
large = ngx_palloc_small(pool, sizeof(ngx_pool_large_t), 1);
if (large == NULL) {
ngx_free(p);
return NULL;
}
large->alloc = p;
large->next = pool->large;
pool->large = large;
return p;
}void *
ngx_pmemalign(ngx_pool_t *pool, size_t size, size_t alignment)
{
void *p;
ngx_pool_large_t *large;
p = ngx_memalign(alignment, size, pool->log);
if (p == NULL) {
return NULL;
}
large = ngx_palloc_small(pool, sizeof(ngx_pool_large_t), 1);
if (large == NULL) {
ngx_free(p);
return NULL;
}
large->alloc = p;
large->next = pool->large;
pool->large = large;
return p;
}ngx_pool_cleanup_t *
ngx_pool_cleanup_add(ngx_pool_t *p, size_t size)
{
ngx_pool_cleanup_t *c;
c = ngx_palloc(p, sizeof(ngx_pool_cleanup_t));
if (c == NULL) {
return NULL;
}
if (size) {
c->data = ngx_palloc(p, size);
if (c->data == NULL) {
return NULL;
}
} else {
c->data = NULL;
}
c->handler = NULL;
c->next = p->cleanup;
p->cleanup = c;
ngx_log_debug1(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_ALLOC, p->log, 0, "add cleanup: %p", c);
return c;
}ngx_int_t
ngx_create_temp_file(ngx_file_t *file, ngx_path_t *path, ngx_pool_t *pool,
ngx_uint_t persistent, ngx_uint_t clean, ngx_uint_t access)
{
...
cln = ngx_pool_cleanup_add(pool, sizeof(ngx_pool_cleanup_file_t));
if (cln == NULL) {
return NGX_ERROR;
}
...
file->fd = ngx_open_tempfile(file->name.data, persistent, access);
...
if (file->fd != NGX_INVALID_FILE) {
cln->handler = clean ? ngx_pool_delete_file : ngx_pool_cleanup_file;
clnf = cln->data;
clnf->fd = file->fd;
clnf->name = file->name.data;
clnf->log = pool->log;
return NGX_OK;
}
...
}#釋放大記憶體重置記憶體中last
void
ngx_reset_pool(ngx_pool_t *pool)
{
ngx_pool_t *p;
ngx_pool_large_t *l;
for (l = pool->large; l; l = l->next) {
if (l->alloc) {
ngx_free(l->alloc);
}
}
for (p = pool; p; p = p->d.next) {
p->d.last = (u_char *) p + sizeof(ngx_pool_t);
p->d.failed = 0;
}
pool->current = pool;
pool->chain = NULL;
pool->large = NULL;
}ngx_palloc_block
建立一個新的記憶體池，而last指向的是p->d.last = (u_char *) p sizeof(ngx_pool_t);
每個記憶體池可用大小又變成一樣的。 ######4.5 銷毀記憶體池############回呼清理任務############釋放大記憶體################### ##釋放記憶體池本身###void
ngx_destroy_pool(ngx_pool_t *pool)
{
ngx_pool_t *p, *n;
ngx_pool_large_t *l;
ngx_pool_cleanup_t *c;
for (c = pool->cleanup; c; c = c->next) {
if (c->handler) {
ngx_log_debug1(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_ALLOC, pool->log, 0,
"run cleanup: %p", c);
c->handler(c->data);
}
}
for (l = pool->large; l; l = l->next) {
if (l->alloc) {
ngx_free(l->alloc);
}
}
for (p = pool, n = pool->d.next; /* void */; p = n, n = n->d.next) {
ngx_free(p);
if (n == NULL) {
break;
}
}
}通过遍历找到要释放的节点，将内存释放，并且将alloc设置成NULL,则有了节点重用的情况。
ngx_int_t
ngx_pfree(ngx_pool_t *pool, void *p)
{
ngx_pool_large_t *l;
for (l = pool->large; l; l = l->next) {
if (p == l->alloc) {
ngx_log_debug1(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_ALLOC, pool->log, 0,
"free: %p", l->alloc);
ngx_free(l->alloc);
l->alloc = NULL;
return NGX_OK;
}
}
return NGX_DECLINED;
}void *
ngx_pcalloc(ngx_pool_t *pool, size_t size)
{
void *p;
p = ngx_palloc(pool, size);
if (p) {
ngx_memzero(p, size);
}
return p;
}正常分配的空间中都是垃圾数据，所以当前函数在分配空间后，将分配的空间清零。
(1) 手动关闭指定fd
遍历清理任务，找到ngx_pool_cleanup_file的handler，如果是要关闭的fd，则回调
void
ngx_pool_run_cleanup_file(ngx_pool_t *p, ngx_fd_t fd)
{
ngx_pool_cleanup_t *c;
ngx_pool_cleanup_file_t *cf;
for (c = p->cleanup; c; c = c->next) {
if (c->handler == ngx_pool_cleanup_file) {
cf = c->data;
if (cf->fd == fd) {
c->handler(cf);
c->handler = NULL;
return;
}
}
}
}(2) 关闭fd
void
ngx_pool_cleanup_file(void *data)
{
ngx_pool_cleanup_file_t *c = data;
ngx_log_debug1(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_ALLOC, c->log, 0, "file cleanup: fd:%d",
c->fd);
if (ngx_close_file(c->fd) == NGX_FILE_ERROR) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, c->log, ngx_errno,
ngx_close_file_n " \"%s\" failed", c->name);
}
}(3) 删除文件并关闭fd
void
ngx_pool_delete_file(void *data)
{
ngx_pool_cleanup_file_t *c = data;
ngx_err_t err;
ngx_log_debug2(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_ALLOC, c->log, 0, "file cleanup: fd:%d %s",
c->fd, c->name);
if (ngx_delete_file(c->name) == NGX_FILE_ERROR) {
err = ngx_errno;
if (err != NGX_ENOENT) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_CRIT, c->log, err,
ngx_delete_file_n " \"%s\" failed", c->name);
}
}
if (ngx_close_file(c->fd) == NGX_FILE_ERROR) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, c->log, ngx_errno,
ngx_close_file_n " \"%s\" failed", c->name);
}
}以上是nginx記憶體池如何實現的詳細內容。更多資訊請關注PHP中文網其他相關文章！
