進階訊息佇列協定（AMQP）是一個面向訊息中介軟體的平台中立的有線協定。 Spring AMQP專案將核心Spring概念應用於基於AMQP的訊息傳遞解決方案的開發。 Spring Boot為透過RabbitMQ與AMQP一起工作提供了一些便利，包括spring-boot-starter-amqp 「Starter」。
springboot整合RabbitMQ非常簡單，如果只是簡單的使用配置非常少，springboot提供了spring-boot-starter-amqp專案對訊息各種支援。
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId> </dependency>
RabbitMQ是基於AMQP協定的輕量級，可靠，可擴展，可移植的訊息代理程式。 Spring使用RabbitMQ透過AMQP協定進行通訊。
RabbitMQ配置由外部配置屬性控制 spring.rabbitmq.*。例如，您可以在以下部分聲明以下部分application.properties：
spring.rabbitmq.host = localhost spring.rabbitmq.port = 5672 spring.rabbitmq.username = guest spring.rabbitmq.password
package com.example.rabbitmqdemo.config;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
/**
* RabbitMQ 配置类
*
* @author itguang
* @create
@Configuration
public class RabbitConfig
@Bean
public Queue queue(){
return new Queue("hello");
}
}#rabbitTemplate是springboot 提供的預設實作.
package com.example.rabbitmqdemo.rabbitmq;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.time.LocalTime;
import java.util.Date;
/**
* 消息发送者
*
* @author itguang
* @create
@Component
public class HelloSender
@Autowired
private AmqpTemplate amqpTemplate;
public void send(){
String context = "hello----"+LocalDateTime.now();
System.out.println("send:"+context);
//往名称为 hello 的queue中发送消息
this.amqpTemplate.convertAndSend("hello",context);
}
}package com.example.rabbitmqdemo.rabbitmq;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
/**
* 消息接受者
*
* @author itguang
* @create
@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = "hello") //监听 名称为 hello 的queue
public class HelloReceiver
//消息处理器
@RabbitHandler
public void process(String message){
System.out.println("Receiver:"+message);
}
}package com.example.rabbitmqdemo;
import com.example.rabbitmqdemo.rabbitmq.HelloSender;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class RabbitmqdemoApplicationTests
@Autowired
HelloSender helloSender;
@Test
public void contextLoads() {
helloSender.send();
}
}查看控制台輸出結果
send:hello----2018-04-21T11:29:47.739 Receiver:hello----2018-04-21T11:29:47.739
對上面的程式碼進行了小改造,接收端註冊了兩個Receiver,Receiver1和Receiver2，發送端加入參數計數，接收端列印接收到的參數，下面是測試程式碼，發送一百個訊息，來觀察兩個接收端的執行效果
新增一個佇列叫hello2
package com.example.rabbitmqdemo.config;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
/**
* RabbitMQ 配置类
*
* @author itguang
* @create
@Configuration
public class RabbitConfig
@Bean
public Queue queue(){
return new Queue("hello");
}
@Bean
public Queue queue2(){
return new Queue("hello2");
}
}傳送訊息給佇列hello2,接受一個計數參數
package com.example.rabbitmqdemo.rabbitmq;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.time.LocalTime;
import java.util.Date;
/**
* 消息发送者
*
* @author itguang
* @create
@Component
public class HelloSender
@Autowired
private AmqpTemplate amqpTemplate;
public void send(){
String context = "hello----"+LocalDateTime.now();
System.out.println("send:"+context);
this.amqpTemplate.convertAndSend("hello",context);
}
//给hello2发送消息,并接受一个计数参数
public void send2(int i){
String context = i+"";
System.out.println(context+"--send:");
this.amqpTemplate.convertAndSend("hello2",context);
}
}兩個hello2 的接受者
@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = "hello2")
public class HelloReceiver1
@RabbitHandler
public void process(String message){
System.out.println("Receiver1:"+message);
}
}@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = "hello2")
public class HelloReceiver2
@RabbitHandler
public void process(String message){
System.out.println("Receiver2:"+message);
}
}@Test
public void manyReceiver(){
for (int i=0;i<100;i++){
helloSender.send2(i);
}
}查看控制台輸出結果:
0--send: 1--send: 2--send: 3--send: 4--send: ...(省略) 58--send: 59--send: 60--send: 61--send: 62--send: 63--send: Receiver2:1 Receiver1:0 64--send: 65--send: Receiver1:2 Receiver2:3 66--send: Receiver1:4 Receiver2:5 ...(省略)
可以看到:在訊息發送到63時,接受者Receiver已經收到了訊息,
結論:
#一個發送者，N個接受者,經過測試會均勻的將訊息發送到N個接收者中
我們可以注入兩個發送者,放在循環中,如下:
@Test
public void many2many(){
for (int i=0;i<100;i++){
helloSender.send2(i);
helloSender2.send2(i);
}
}運行單元測試,查看控制台輸出:
0--send: 0--send: 1--send: 1--send: 2--send: 2--send: 3--send: 3--send: ...(省略) 22--send: 22--send: 23--send: 23--send: 24--send: 24--send: Receiver2:0 25--send: 25--send: Receiver2:1 26--send: Receiver2:2 26--send: Receiver2:3 27--send: Receiver1:0 27--send: Receiver2:4 Receiver1:1 28--send: Receiver2:5 Receiver1:2 28--send: Receiver2:6 Receiver1:3 29--send: Receiver2:7 Receiver1:4 29--send: Receiver2:8 Receiver1:5 30--send: Receiver2:9 Receiver1:6 30--send: 31--send: 31--send: 32--send: 32--send:
#結論：和一對多一樣，接收端仍然會均勻接收到訊息
#首先我們建立一個實體類別物件User,注意必須實作Serializable 介面.
package com.example.rabbitmqdemo.pojo;
import java.io.Serializable;
/**
* @author itguang
* @create
public class User implements Serializable
private String username;
private String password;
public User(String username, String password) {
this.username = username;
this.password = password;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"username='" + username + '\'' +
", password='" + password + '\'' +
'}';
}
}然後在設定檔中再建立一個佇列,叫object_queue
@Bean
public Queue queue3(){
return new Queue("object_queue");
}接下裡就是User物件的兩個發送者ObjectSender和接受者ObjectReceiver:
@Component
public class ObjectSender
@Autowired
AmqpTemplate amqpTemplate;
public void sendUser(User user){
System.out.println("Send object:"+user.toString());
this.amqpTemplate.convertAndSend("object_queue",user);
}
}@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = "object_queue")
public class ObjectReceiver
@RabbitHandler
public void objectReceiver(User user){
System.out.println("Receiver object:"+user.toString());
}
}執行單元測試,查看控制台輸出結果:
Send object:User{username='李增光', password='666666'}
Receiver object:User{username='李增光', password='666666'}topic 是RabbitMQ中最靈活的一種方式，可以根據routing_key自由的綁定不同的佇列
首先對topic規則配置，這裡使用兩個佇列來測試
package com.example.rabbitmqdemo.config;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.TopicExchange;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
/**
* @author itguang
* @create
@Configuration
public class TopicRabbitConfig
final static String message = "topic.message";
final static String messages = "topic.messages";
//创建两个 Queue
@Bean
public Queue queueMessage(){
return new Queue(TopicRabbitConfig.message);
}
@Bean
public Queue queueMessages(){
return new Queue(TopicRabbitConfig.messages);
}
//配置 TopicExchange,指定名称为 topicExchange
@Bean
public TopicExchange exchange(){
return new TopicExchange("topicExchange");
}
//给队列绑定 exchange 和 routing_key
@Bean
public Binding bindingExchangeMessage(Queue queueMessage, TopicExchange exchange){
return BindingBuilder.bind(queueMessage).to(exchange).with("topic.message");
}
@Bean
public Binding bingingExchangeMessages(Queue queueMessages,TopicExchange exchange){
return BindingBuilder.bind(queueMessages).to(exchange).with("topic.#");
}
}訊息傳送者:都是用topicExchange,並且綁定到不同的routing_key
package com.example.rabbitmqdemo.topic;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
/**
* @author itguang
* @create
@Component
public class TopicSender
@Autowired
AmqpTemplate amqpTemplate;
public void send1(){
String context = "hi, i am message 1";
System.out.println("Sender : " + context);
amqpTemplate.convertAndSend("topicExchange","topic.message",context);
}
public void send2() {
String context = "hi, i am messages 2";
System.out.println("Sender : " + context);
amqpTemplate.convertAndSend("topicExchange", "topic.messages", context);
}
}兩個訊息接受者,分別指定不同的queue
package com.example.rabbitmqdemo.topic;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
/**
* @author itguang
* @create
@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = "topic.message")
public class TopicReceiver1
@RabbitHandler
public void process(String message){
System.out.println("Receiver topic.message :"+ message);
}
}package com.example.rabbitmqdemo.topic;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
/**
* @author itguang
* @create
@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = "topic.messages")
public class TopicReceiver2
@RabbitHandler
public void process(String message){
System.out.println("Receiver topic.messages: "+ message);
}
}測試:
發送send1會匹配到topic.#和topic.message 兩個Receiver都可以收到訊息，發送send2只有topic.#可以匹配所有隻有Receiver2監聽到訊息
Fanout 就是我們熟悉的廣播模式或訂閱模式，給Fanout交換器發送訊息，綁定了這個交換器的所有佇列都收到這個訊息。
Fanout 相關設定:
package com.example.rabbitmqdemo.config;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.FanoutExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import java.security.PublicKey;
/**
* @author itguang
* @create
@Configuration
public class FanOutRabbitMq
//创建三个队列
@Bean
public Queue AMessage() {
return new Queue("fanout.A");
}
@Bean
public Queue BMessage() {
return new Queue("fanout.B");
}
@Bean
public Queue CMessage() {
return new Queue("fanout.C");
}
//创建exchange,指定交换策略
@Bean
public FanoutExchange fanoutExchange() {
return new FanoutExchange("fanoutExchange");
}
//分别给三个队列指定exchange,这里使用了A、B、C三个队列绑定到Fanout交换机上面，发送端的routing_key写任何字符都会被忽略：
@Bean
public Binding bindingExchangeA(Queue AMessage,FanoutExchange fanoutExchange){
return BindingBuilder.bind(AMessage).to(fanoutExchange);
}
@Bean
public Binding bindingExchangeB(Queue BMessage,FanoutExchange fanoutExchange){
return BindingBuilder.bind(BMessage).to(fanoutExchange);
}
@Bean
Binding bindingExchangeC(Queue CMessage, FanoutExchange fanoutExchange) {
return訊息發送者:
这里使用了A、B、C三个队列绑定到Fanout交换机上面，发送端的routing_key写任何字符都会被忽略
package com.example.rabbitmqdemo.fanout;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
/**
* @author itguang
* @create
@Component
public class FanoutSender
@Autowired
AmqpTemplate amqpTemplate;
public void send(){
String context = "hi, fanout msg ";
System.out.println("Sender : " + context);
//这里使用了A、B、C三个队列绑定到Fanout交换机上面，发送端的routing_key写任何字符都会被忽略：
amqpTemplate.convertAndSend("fanoutExchange","", context);
}
}三个消息接受者:
@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = "fanout.A")
public class FanoutReceiverA
@RabbitHandler
public void process(String message){
System.out.println("Receiver form fanout.A: "+message);
}
}
@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = "fanout.B")
public class FanoutReceiverB
@RabbitHandler
public void process(String message){
System.out.println("Receiver form fanout.B: "+message);
}
}
@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = "fanout.C")
public class FanoutReceiverC
@RabbitHandler
public void process(String message){
System.out.println("Receiver form fanout.C: "+message);
}
}运行单元测试,查看结果:
Sender : hi, fanout msg Receiver form fanout.C: hi, fanout msg Receiver form fanout.A: hi, fanout msg Receiver form fanout.B: hi, fanout msg
结果说明，绑定到fanout交换机上面的队列都收到了消息.
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