如果set指令設定上,但是在設定失效時間時由於網路抖動等原因導致沒有設定成功,這時就會出現死計數器(類似死鎖);
Redis Lua是一個很好的解決方案,使用腳本使得set命令和expire命令一同達到Redis被執行且不會被幹擾,在很大程度上保證了原子操作;
為什麼說是很大程度上保證原子操作而不是完全保證?因為在Redis內部執行的時候出問題也有可能出現問題不過概率非常小;即使針對小概率事件也有相應的解決方案,例如解決死鎖一個思路值得參考:防止死鎖會將鎖的值存成一個時間戳,即使發生沒有將失效時間設定上在判斷是否上鎖時可以加上看看其中值距現在是否超過一個設定的時間,如果超過則將其刪除重新設定鎖。
1、Redis Lua鎖定的實作
package han.zhang.utils; import org.springframework.data.redis.core.StringRedisTemplate; import org.springframework.data.redis.core.script.DigestUtils; import org.springframework.data.redis.core.script.RedisScript; import java.util.Collections; import java.util.UUID; public class RedisLock { private static final LogUtils logger = LogUtils.getLogger(RedisLock.class); private final StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate; private final String lockKey; private final String lockValue; private boolean locked = false; /** * 使用脚本在redis服务器执行这个逻辑可以在一定程度上保证此操作的原子性 * (即不会发生客户端在执行setNX和expire命令之间,发生崩溃或失去与服务器的连接导致expire没有得到执行,发生永久死锁) * <p> * 除非脚本在redis服务器执行时redis服务器发生崩溃,不过此种情况锁也会失效 */ private static final RedisScript<Boolean> SETNX_AND_EXPIRE_SCRIPT; static { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); sb.append("if (redis.call('setnx', KEYS[1], ARGV[1]) == 1) then\n"); sb.append("\tredis.call('expire', KEYS[1], tonumber(ARGV[2]))\n"); sb.append("\treturn true\n"); sb.append("else\n"); sb.append("\treturn false\n"); sb.append("end"); SETNX_AND_EXPIRE_SCRIPT = new RedisScriptImpl<>(sb.toString(), Boolean.class); } private static final RedisScript<Boolean> DEL_IF_GET_EQUALS; sb.append("if (redis.call('get', KEYS[1]) == ARGV[1]) then\n"); sb.append("\tredis.call('del', KEYS[1])\n"); DEL_IF_GET_EQUALS = new RedisScriptImpl<>(sb.toString(), Boolean.class); public RedisLock(StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate, String lockKey) { this.stringRedisTemplate = stringRedisTemplate; this.lockKey = lockKey; this.lockValue = UUID.randomUUID().toString() + "." + System.currentTimeMillis(); private boolean doTryLock(int lockSeconds) { if (locked) { throw new IllegalStateException("already locked!"); } locked = stringRedisTemplate.execute(SETNX_AND_EXPIRE_SCRIPT, Collections.singletonList(lockKey), lockValue, String.valueOf(lockSeconds)); return locked; * 尝试获得锁,成功返回true,如果失败立即返回false * * @param lockSeconds 加锁的时间(秒),超过这个时间后锁会自动释放 public boolean tryLock(int lockSeconds) { try { return doTryLock(lockSeconds); } catch (Exception e) { logger.error("tryLock Error", e); return false; * 轮询的方式去获得锁,成功返回true,超过轮询次数或异常返回false * @param lockSeconds 加锁的时间(秒),超过这个时间后锁会自动释放 * @param tryIntervalMillis 轮询的时间间隔(毫秒) * @param maxTryCount 最大的轮询次数 public boolean tryLock(final int lockSeconds, final long tryIntervalMillis, final int maxTryCount) { int tryCount = 0; while (true) { if (++tryCount >= maxTryCount) { // 获取锁超时 return false; } try { if (doTryLock(lockSeconds)) { return true; } } catch (Exception e) { logger.error("tryLock Error", e); Thread.sleep(tryIntervalMillis); } catch (InterruptedException e) { logger.error("tryLock interrupted", e); * 解锁操作 public void unlock() { if (!locked) { throw new IllegalStateException("not locked yet!"); locked = false; // 忽略结果 stringRedisTemplate.execute(DEL_IF_GET_EQUALS, Collections.singletonList(lockKey), lockValue); private static class RedisScriptImpl<T> implements RedisScript<T> { private final String script; private final String sha1; private final Class<T> resultType; public RedisScriptImpl(String script, Class<T> resultType) { this.script = script; this.sha1 = DigestUtils.sha1DigestAsHex(script); this.resultType = resultType; @Override public String getSha1() { return sha1; public Class<T> getResultType() { return resultType; public String getScriptAsString() { return script; }
2、借鏡鎖定實現Redis Lua計數器
(1)工具類
#package han.zhang.utils; import org.springframework.data.redis.core.StringRedisTemplate; import org.springframework.data.redis.core.script.DigestUtils; import org.springframework.data.redis.core.script.RedisScript; import java.util.Collections; public class CountUtil { private static final LogUtils logger = LogUtils.getLogger(CountUtil.class); private final StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate; /** * 使用脚本在redis服务器执行这个逻辑可以在一定程度上保证此操作的原子性 * (即不会发生客户端在执行setNX和expire命令之间,发生崩溃或失去与服务器的连接导致expire没有得到执行,发生永久死计数器) * <p> * 除非脚本在redis服务器执行时redis服务器发生崩溃,不过此种情况计数器也会失效 */ private static final RedisScript<Boolean> SET_AND_EXPIRE_SCRIPT; static { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); sb.append("local visitTimes = redis.call('incr', KEYS[1])\n"); sb.append("if (visitTimes == 1) then\n"); sb.append("\tredis.call('expire', KEYS[1], tonumber(ARGV[1]))\n"); sb.append("\treturn false\n"); sb.append("elseif(visitTimes > tonumber(ARGV[2])) then\n"); sb.append("\treturn true\n"); sb.append("else\n"); sb.append("end"); SET_AND_EXPIRE_SCRIPT = new RedisScriptImpl<>(sb.toString(), Boolean.class); } public CountUtil(StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate) { this.stringRedisTemplate = stringRedisTemplate; public boolean isOverMaxVisitTimes(String key, int seconds, int maxTimes) throws Exception { try { return stringRedisTemplate.execute(SET_AND_EXPIRE_SCRIPT, Collections.singletonList(key), String.valueOf(seconds), String.valueOf(maxTimes)); } catch (Exception e) { logger.error("RedisBusiness>>>isOverMaxVisitTimes; get visit times Exception; key:" + key + "result:" + e.getMessage()); throw new Exception("already Over MaxVisitTimes"); } private static class RedisScriptImpl<T> implements RedisScript<T> { private final String script; private final String sha1; private final Class<T> resultType; public RedisScriptImpl(String script, Class<T> resultType) { this.script = script; this.sha1 = DigestUtils.sha1DigestAsHex(script); this.resultType = resultType; @Override public String getSha1() { return sha1; public Class<T> getResultType() { return resultType; public String getScriptAsString() { return script; }
(2)呼叫測試程式碼
public void run(String... strings) { CountUtil countUtil = new CountUtil(SpringUtils.getStringRedisTemplate()); try { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { boolean overMax = countUtil.isOverMaxVisitTimes("zhanghantest", 600, 2); if (overMax) { System.out.println("超过i:" + i + ":" + overMax); } else { System.out.println("没超过i:" + i + ":" + overMax); } } } catch (Exception e) { logger.error("Exception {}", e.getMessage()); } }
(3)測試結果
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