怎麼使用Python+PyQt5自製監控小工具

利用opencv的影像處理功能可以輕鬆對電腦攝影機的呼叫實現即時影像的擷取效果。

最終將圖片進行儲存後產生監控的歷史影片記錄。

pip install PyQt5

pip install python-opencv

若是沒有安裝相關的模組，可以選擇上述pip的方式來安裝。

接下來我們將需要的python模組匯入到程式碼區塊中。

# It's just an alias for the cv2 module.
import cv2 as cv_

# It's importing all the classes from the QtGui module.
from PyQt5.QtGui import *

# It's importing all the classes from the QtCore module.
from PyQt5.QtCore import *

# It's importing all the classes from the QtWidgets module.
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *

# It's importing the sys module.
import sys

# It's importing the os module.
import os

# It's importing the time module.
import time

# It's importing the traceback module.
import traceback

建立名稱為CameraUI的python類，開發監控工具相關的頁面元件及佈局。

將控制項按鈕等​​對應的槽函數也放到該類別中。

class CameraUI(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super(CameraUI, self).__init__()
        self.init_ui()

    def init_ui(self):
        self.setWindowTitle('本地监控工具 公众号：Python 集中营')
        self.setWindowIcon(QIcon('ico.png'))
        self.resize(600, 400)

        self.label_view = QLabel()

        self.image_path = QLineEdit()
        self.image_path.setReadOnly(True)
        self.image_path.setPlaceholderText('视频流图片保存地址')

        self.image_path_btn = QPushButton()
        self.image_path_btn.setText('打开')
        self.image_path_btn.clicked.connect(self.image_path_btn_clk)

        self.video_path = QLineEdit()
        self.video_path.setReadOnly(True)
        self.video_path.setPlaceholderText('监控视频保存地址')

        self.video_path_btn = QPushButton()
        self.video_path_btn.setText('打开')
        self.video_path_btn.clicked.connect(self.video_path_btn_clk)

        self.start_listen_btn = QPushButton()
        self.start_listen_btn.setText('开启监控')
        self.start_listen_btn.clicked.connect(self.start_listen_btn_clk)

        self.brower = QTextBrowser()
        self.brower.setReadOnly(True)
        self.brower.setFont(QFont('宋体', 8))
        self.brower.setPlaceholderText('日志处理过程区域...')
        self.brower.ensureCursorVisible()

        hbox = QHBoxLayout()
        vbox_left = QVBoxLayout()
        vbox_right = QVBoxLayout()

        vbox_left.addWidget(self.label_view)
        vbox_right_grid1 = QGridLayout()
        vbox_right_grid1.addWidget(self.image_path, 0, 0, 1, 2)
        vbox_right_grid1.addWidget(self.image_path_btn, 0, 2, 1, 1)
        vbox_right_grid1.addWidget(self.video_path, 1, 0, 1, 2)
        vbox_right_grid1.addWidget(self.video_path_btn, 1, 2, 1, 1)

        vbox_right_grid2 = QGridLayout()
        vbox_right_grid2.addWidget(self.brower, 0, 0, 1, 3)
        vbox_right_grid2.addWidget(self.start_listen_btn, 1, 0, 1, 3)

        vbox_right.addLayout(vbox_right_grid1)
        vbox_right.addLayout(vbox_right_grid2)

        hbox.addLayout(vbox_left)
        hbox.addLayout(vbox_right)

        self.listen_thread = ListenWorkThread(self)
        self.listen_thread.message.connect(self.show_message)
        self.listen_thread.finished.connect(lambda: self.start_listen_btn.setEnabled(True))

        self.setLayout(hbox)

    def show_message(self, text):
        cursor = self.brower.textCursor()
        cursor.movePosition(QTextCursor.End)
        self.brower.append(text)
        self.brower.setTextCursor(cursor)
        self.brower.ensureCursorVisible()

    def image_path_btn_clk(self):
        dir = QFileDialog.getExistingDirectory(self, "选择文件夹", os.getcwd())
        self.image_path.setText(dir)

    def video_path_btn_clk(self):
        dir = QFileDialog.getExistingDirectory(self, "选择文件夹", os.getcwd())
        self.video_path.setText(dir)

    def start_listen_btn_clk(self):
        self.listen_thread.start()

開發一個ListenWorkThread類別並且繼承自QThread的子執行緒。

將該執行緒作為業務類別實作呼叫本機攝影機完成監控的效果。

class ListenWorkThread(QThread):
    message = pyqtSignal(str)
    finished = pyqtSignal(bool)

    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super(ListenWorkThread, self).__init__(parent)
        self.parent = parent
        self.working = True

    def __del__(self):
        self.working = False

    def run(self):
        try:
            image_path = self.parent.image_path.text()
            video_path = self.parent.video_path.text()
            if image_path.strip() == '' or video_path.strip() == '':
                self.message.emit('相关路径设置不能为空，请检查设置！')
                return
            self.cap = cv_.VideoCapture(0)
            self.cap.set(3, 300)
            self.cap.set(4, 400)
            if self.cap.isOpened():
                self.message.emit('摄像头已成功打开！')
                n = 0
                self.message.emit('正在进行视频 监控中....')
                start_time = time.clock()
                while True:
                    ret, img = self.cap.read()
                    if os.path.exists(os.path.join(image_path, str(n) + '.jpg')):
                        os.remove(os.path.join(image_path, str(n) + '.jpg'))
                    self.save_image(img, str(n), image_path)
                    time.sleep(0.1)
                    pixmap_ = QPixmap(os.path.join(image_path, str(n) + '.jpg'))
                    self.parent.label_view.setPixmap(pixmap_)
                    n = n + 1

            self.finished.emit(True)
        except Exception as e:
            traceback.print_exc()
            self.message.emit('程序运行错误，请检查参数是否设置正确！')
            self.finished.emit(True)

    def save_image(self, image=None, file_name=None, image_path=None):
        if image is not None:
            cv_.imwrite(os.path.join(image_path, file_name + '.jpg'), image)

以上整個業務子執行緒的邏輯就開發完成了，然後使用python模組的main函數呼叫。

將整個程式的運行加入主體循環當中。

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    main = CameraUI()
    main.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

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