PHP學習筆記:區塊鏈技術與應用
引言:
區塊鏈技術近年來在網路領域快速發展,廣泛應用於金融、物聯網、醫療等領域。身為PHP開發者,了解並掌握區塊鏈技術及其應用,對於提升自身技術水準與開發能力都有重要意義。本文將介紹區塊鏈的基本概念、原理和常用演算法,並透過具體的PHP程式碼範例幫助讀者快速上手。
範例程式碼:
// 计算MD5哈希值 $data = 'Hello, world!'; $hash = md5($data); echo $hash; // 输出:5eb63bbbe01eeed093cb22bb8f5acdc3 // 计算SHA-256哈希值 $data2 = 'Hello, blockchain!'; $hash2 = hash('sha256', $data2); echo $hash2; // 输出:bf8f2e9538fee49125cb8545eaec2c10d1c79040721847a706ca6481aa18951f
3.2 非對稱加密演算法
非對稱加密演算法使用一對金鑰,包括公鑰和私鑰。公鑰用於加密數據,私鑰用於解密資料。常用的非對稱加密演算法有RSA、Elliptic Curve等。
範例程式碼:
// 生成RSA密钥对 $res = openssl_pkey_new(array( 'private_key_bits' => 2048, 'private_key_type' => OPENSSL_KEYTYPE_RSA, )); openssl_pkey_export($res, $privateKey); $details = openssl_pkey_get_details($res); $publicKey = $details['key']; echo "Public Key: " . $publicKey; echo "Private Key: " . $privateKey;
範例程式碼:
<?php class Transaction { public $from; public $to; public $amount; public $timestamp; public $signature; public function __construct($from, $to, $amount) { $this->from = $from; $this->to = $to; $this->amount = $amount; $this->timestamp = time(); $this->signature = ''; } public function sign($privateKey) { $message = $this->from . $this->to . $this->amount . $this->timestamp; openssl_sign($message, $signature, $privateKey); $this->signature = base64_encode($signature); } public function verify($publicKey) { $message = $this->from . $this->to . $this->amount . $this->timestamp; $signature = base64_decode($this->signature); return openssl_verify($message, $signature, $publicKey); } } $privateKeyAlice = openssl_pkey_new(); $detailsAlice = openssl_pkey_get_details($privateKeyAlice); $publicKeyAlice = $detailsAlice['key']; $privateKeyBob = openssl_pkey_new(); $detailsBob = openssl_pkey_get_details($privateKeyBob); $publicKeyBob = $detailsBob['key']; $transaction = new Transaction($publicKeyAlice, $publicKeyBob, 10); $transaction->sign($privateKeyAlice); $isValid = $transaction->verify($publicKeyAlice); if ($isValid) { echo "Transaction is valid."; } else { echo "Transaction is not valid."; } ?>
本文介紹了區塊鏈的基本概念、原理和常用演算法,並透過具體的PHP程式碼範例幫助讀者快速上手實現區塊鏈的應用。希望對讀者對區塊鏈技術的學習有所幫助。
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