1、在做叢集的時候是需要SSH互信，它有利於在另一個節點方便操作。
2、當使用scp遠端拷貝操作時，需要輸入目標伺服器的使用者名稱和密碼，這個時候可以做linux伺服器之間ssh互信配置， 這樣在多個linux伺服器之間做操作時就可以免密登陸。
簡而言之，伺服器儲存目標主機的證書，以便自動完成認證，無需輸入密碼。
1、各節點產生自己的公鑰、私鑰對。
2、將自己的公鑰檔案傳送給對方。
3、驗證互信配置是否成功。
#這裡以MYDB01和MYDB02兩台LINUX主機為例：
在兩台主機上分別生成，提示輸入訊息時直接回車：
# MYDB01主機：
[root@MYDB01 ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa Generating public/private rsa key pair. Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa. Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. The key fingerprint is: SHA256:lQex2+SbdmGGNBvU8vjaTKVCbfAmk8Eva+C6BPJ49G0 root@MYDB01 The key's randomart image is: +---[RSA 2048]----+ |oo.. | | == .| |+ *@ | | ..BB=B .| |. o S..o=O+o | | = o .. +=+. | |. o o.E.+*.| | . ... ...o| |.. | +----[SHA256]-----+ [root@MYDB01 ~]#
# MYDB02主機：
[root@MYDB02 ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa Generating public/private rsa key pair. Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): Created directory '/root/.ssh'. Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa. Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. The key fingerprint is: SHA256:8DGfMHFZDrEOOYhcpFGXI8tndQXTE4FampR6cTowAo4 root@MYDB02 The key's randomart image is: +---[RSA 2048]----+ |o++ o.+=+=+o | | + =oo=+*+=.o| |E =.o+OB.X.. | |oo+XB. | | oS.+. | | | | | | | | | +----[SHA256]-----+ [root@MYDB02 ~]#
這樣，就建立了公鑰和金鑰，會產生**id_rsa和id_rsa.pub**兩個檔案。
產生ssh金鑰後，金鑰將預設儲存在家目錄下的**.ssh/目錄**。
私鑰和公鑰的權限分別為**600和644**。
.ssh目錄權限必須是700
選項：
-t rsa|dsa預設是rsa格式。
接著可以查看產生的公鑰和私鑰檔案：
[root@MYDB01 ~]# cd /root/.ssh [root@MYDB01 .ssh]# pwd /root/.ssh [root@MYDB01 .ssh]# ll -sh 总用量 12K 4.0K -rw-------1 root root 1.7K 2月14 16:17 id_rsa 4.0K -rw-r--r--1 root root393 2月14 16:17 id_rsa.pub [root@MYDB01 .ssh]#
# 指令格式：
ssh-copy-id [-i [identity_file]] [user@]machine
這個指令的功能是：將id_rsa.pub檔案內容傳送至對方的 .ssh目錄中，產生檔案名稱為authorized_keys 文件，並且會設定遠端主機使用者目錄的**.ssh和.ssh/authorized_keys**權限。
# 在MYDB01上執行下列操作：
[root@MYDB01 .ssh]# ssh-copy-id 192.168.250.194 /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub" /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys root@192.168.250.194's password: Number of key(s) added: 1 Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh '192.168.250.194'" and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added. [root@MYDB01 .ssh]#
這裡在MYDB02主機上查看：
[root@MYDB02 ~]# cd /root/.ssh [root@MYDB02 .ssh]# ll 总用量 12 -rw------- 1 root root393 2月14 16:41 authorized_keys -rw------- 1 root root 1679 2月14 16:20 id_rsa -rw-r--r-- 1 root root393 2月14 16:20 id_rsa.pub [root@MYDB02 .ssh]# cat authorized_keys ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQCtQ+pBp1T9fHAkrifEShaOAfBJFT+HdljR8mBxl7wZ1a91g3Zuzu35gJKsUjD+NqP9JcdyKapE309SHPvosvsJjLfccF4PaEZAgqHryu+S3cBn8zqA6fm62hsx/qI4I80PV0btcqfwphsD+5+vgkDJWAsUGQtqZdmMClAIy5gs0He0K2jpciKHvxWWClB3+dTJ0e9yIuIkV7lM+jqVIqYFJD0bRyy0zgNsY5/cLYFllM42TQDos93hVdqGXOHREpWo01KX2Jd8MKj4yNeiqgnj2mDtiNFWOUSkAbHpcKInuUOErJMqkV7MP0er5UKY/NemDzuORr2RxYqSTWaz/T7N root@MYDB01 [root@MYDB02 .ssh]#
上面的操作只是單方面信任，主機MYDB01登入主機MYDB02不需要輸入密碼，反過來不行，所以還需下面操作：
# 在主機MYDB02上將其金鑰複製到主機MYDB01上：
[root@MYDB02 .ssh]# ssh-copy-id 192.168.250.193 /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub" The authenticity of host '192.168.250.193 (192.168.250.193)' can't be established. ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:vThEoRhUOECeD5jhE+m8TZA2+6OoElIoNOQ3XqtopZw. ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:97:40:b2:35:6e:07:5a:61:1f:73:f1:b2:6e:54:5b:7d. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? y Please type 'yes' or 'no': yes /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys root@192.168.250.193's password: Number of key(s) added: 1 Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh '192.168.250.193'" and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added. [root@MYDB02 .ssh]#
分別在MYDB01主機和MYDB02主機上透過SSH登錄，看是否需要輸入密碼：
在MYDB01主機上登入MYDB02主機：
[root@MYDB01 .ssh]# ssh 192.168.250.194 Last login: Tue Jan 9 15:41:56 2023 from 192.168.250.193 [root@MYDB02 ~]#
無密登入成功。
同樣，在MYDB02主機上登入MYDB01主機：
[root@MYDB02 .ssh]# ssh 192.168.250.193 Last failed login: Tue Feb 14 16:48:54 CST 2023 from 192.168.250.194 on ssh:notty There was 1 failed login attempt since the last successful login. Last login: Tue Jan 9 15:41:34 2024 from 192.168.250.194 [root@MYDB01 ~]#
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