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PHP实现无限级分类(不使用递归)

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發布: 2016-06-06 19:41:07
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在进行无限极分类中最常用的算法就是“递归”,熟悉PHP语言的朋友肯定知道,PHP不擅长递归 ,而且递归次数有限(100次左右,因操作系统和配置而异)。

所以本文将会给大家带来几种不使用递归实现无限级分类的代码。供大家来学习使用。

第一种:

无限级分类在开发中经常使用,例如:部门结构、文章分类。无限级分类的难点在于“输出”和“查询”,例如

  • 将文章分类输出为

      列表形式;

    • 查找分类A下面所有分类包含的文章。

    1.实现原理
    几种常见的实现方法,各有利弊。其中“改进前序遍历树”数据结构,便于输出和查询,但是在移动分类和常规理解上有些复杂。

    2.数据结构

    <?php
     $list = array(
     array(&#39;id&#39;=>1, &#39;fid&#39;=>0, &#39;title&#39; => &#39;中国&#39;), 
     array(&#39;id&#39;=>2, &#39;fid&#39;=>1, &#39;title&#39; => &#39;江苏&#39;),
     array(&#39;id&#39;=>3, &#39;fid&#39;=>1, &#39;title&#39; => &#39;安徽&#39;),
     array(&#39;id&#39;=>4, &#39;fid&#39;=>8, &#39;title&#39; => &#39;江阴&#39;),
     array(&#39;id&#39;=>5, &#39;fid&#39;=>3, &#39;title&#39; => &#39;芜湖&#39;),
     array(&#39;id&#39;=>6, &#39;fid&#39;=>3, &#39;title&#39; => &#39;合肥&#39;),
     array(&#39;id&#39;=>7, &#39;fid&#39;=>3, &#39;title&#39; => &#39;蚌埠&#39;),
     array(&#39;id&#39;=>8, &#39;fid&#39;=>8, &#39;title&#39; => &#39;无锡&#39;)
     );
    ?>
    登入後複製

    由于所有的递归均可以使用循环实现,本文根据PHP语言特点编写了一套关于“无限级”分类的函数,相比递归实现而言效率更高。

    3.输出ul列表形式
    将上述数据输出为下面的HTML

    <ul>
     <li class="first-child">
     <p>江苏</p>
     <ul>
     <li class="first-child last-child">
     <p>无锡</p>
     <ul>
     <li class="first-child last-child">
     <p>江阴</p>
     </li>
     </ul>
     </li>
     </ul>
     </li>
     <li class="last-child">
     <p>安徽</p>
     <ul>
     <li class="first-child"><p>芜湖</p></li>
     <li><p>合肥</p></li>
     <li class="last-child"><p>蚌埠</p></li>
     </ul>
     </li>
    </ul>
    登入後複製

    这种HTML结构在前端使用(使用JavaScript和CSS构造可折叠树)十分方便。具体实现程序如下:

    <ul><?php echo get_tree_ul($list, 1); ?></ul>
    登入後複製

    4.输出option列表形式

    <select>
     <option value="2">江苏</option>
     <option value="8">    无锡</option>
     <option value="4">        江阴</option>
     <option value="3">安徽</option>
     <option value="5">    芜湖</option>
     <option value="6">    合肥</option>
     <option value="7">    蚌埠</option>
    </select>
    登入後複製

    具体实现程序如下:

    <select>
    <?php
     // get_tree_option()返回数组,并为每个元素增加了“深度”(即depth)列,直接输出即可
     $options = get_tree_option($list, 1);
     foreach($options as $op) {
     echo &#39;<option value="&#39; . $op[&#39;id&#39;] .&#39;">&#39; . str_repeat(" ", $op[&#39;depth&#39;] * 4) . $op[&#39;title&#39;] . &#39;<;/option>&#39;;
     }
    ?>
    <;/select>
    登入後複製

    5. 查找某一分类的所有子类

    <?php
     $children = get_tree_child($list, 0);
     echo implode(&#39;,&#39;, $children); // 输出:1,3,2,7,6,5,8,4
    ?>
    登入後複製

    6. 查找某一分类的所有父类

    <?php
     $children = get_tree_parent($list, 4);
     echo implode(&#39;,&#39;, $children); //8, 2, 10
    ?>
    登入後複製

    7. 相关函数

    <?php
    function get_tree_child($data, $fid) {
     $result = array();
     $fids = array($fid);
     do {
     $cids = array();
     $flag = false;
     foreach($fids as $fid) {
     for($i = count($data) - 1; $i >=0 ; $i--) {
     $node = $data[$i];
     if($node[&#39;fid&#39;] == $fid) {
     array_splice($data, $i , 1);
     $result[] = $node[&#39;id&#39;];
     $cids[] = $node[&#39;id&#39;];
     $flag = true;
     }
     }
     }
     $fids = $cids;
     } while($flag === true);
     return $result;
    }
     function get_tree_parent($data, $id) {
     $result = array();
     $obj = array();
     foreach($data as $node) {
     $obj[$node[&#39;id&#39;]] = $node;
     }
      $value = isset($obj[$id]) ? $obj[$id] : null;
     while($value) {
     $id = null;
     foreach($data as $node) {
     if($node[&#39;id&#39;] == $value[&#39;fid&#39;]) {
     $id = $node[&#39;id&#39;];
     $result[] = $node[&#39;id&#39;];
     break;
     }
     }
     if($id === null) {
     $result[] = $value[&#39;fid&#39;];
     }
     $value = isset($obj[$id]) ? $obj[$id] : null;
     }
     unset($obj);
     return $result;
    }
     function get_tree_ul($data, $fid) {
     $stack = array($fid);
     $child = array();
     $added_left = array();
     $added_right= array();
     $html_left = array();
     $html_right = array();
     $obj = array();
     $loop = 0;
     foreach($data as $node) {
     $pid = $node[&#39;fid&#39;];
     if(!isset($child[$pid])) {
     $child[$pid] = array();
     }
     array_push($child[$pid], $node[&#39;id&#39;]);
     $obj[$node[&#39;id&#39;]] = $node;
     }
      while (count($stack) > 0) {
     $id = $stack[0];
     $flag = false;
     $node = isset($obj[$id]) ? $obj[$id] : null;
     if (isset($child[$id])) {
     $cids = $child[$id];
     $length = count($cids);
     for($i = $length - 1; $i >= 0; $i--) {
     array_unshift($stack, $cids[$i]);
     }
     $obj[$cids[$length - 1]][&#39;isLastChild&#39;] = true;
     $obj[$cids[0]][&#39;isFirstChild&#39;] = true;
     $flag = true;
     }
     if ($id != $fid && $node && !isset($added_left[$id])) {
     if(isset($node[&#39;isFirstChild&#39;]) && isset($node[&#39;isLastChild&#39;])) {
     $html_left[] = &#39;<li class="first-child last-child">&#39;;
     } else if(isset($node[&#39;isFirstChild&#39;])) {
     $html_left[] = &#39;<li class="first-child">&#39;;
     } else if(isset($node[&#39;isLastChild&#39;])) {
     $html_left[] = &#39;<li class="last-child">&#39;;
     } else {
     $html_left[] = &#39;<li>&#39;;
     }
     $html_left[] = ($flag === true) ? "<p>{$node[&#39;title&#39;]}</p><ul>" : "<p>{$node[&#39;title&#39;]}</p>";
     $added_left[$id] = true;
     }
     if ($id != $fid && $node && !isset($added_right[$id])) {
     $html_right[] = ($flag === true) ? &#39;</ul></li>&#39; : &#39;</li>&#39;;
     $added_right[$id] = true;
     }
      if ($flag == false) {
     if($node) {
     $cids = $child[$node[&#39;fid&#39;]];
     for ($i = count($cids) - 1; $i >= 0; $i--) {
     if ($cids[$i] == $id) {
     array_splice($child[$node[&#39;fid&#39;]], $i, 1);
     break;
     }
     }
     if(count($child[$node[&#39;fid&#39;]]) == 0) {
     $child[$node[&#39;fid&#39;]] = null;
     }
     }
     array_push($html_left, array_pop($html_right));
     array_shift($stack);
     }
     $loop++;
     if($loop > 5000) return $html_left;
     }
     unset($child);
     unset($obj);
     return implode(&#39;&#39;, $html_left);
    }
     function get_tree_option($data, $fid) {
     $stack = array($fid);
     $child = array();
     $added = array();
     $options = array();
     $obj = array();
     $loop = 0;
     $depth = -1;
     foreach($data as $node) {
     $pid = $node[&#39;fid&#39;];
     if(!isset($child[$pid])) {
     $child[$pid] = array();
     }
     array_push($child[$pid], $node[&#39;id&#39;]);
     $obj[$node[&#39;id&#39;]] = $node;
     }
      while (count($stack) > 0) {
     $id = $stack[0];
     $flag = false;
     $node = isset($obj[$id]) ? $obj[$id] : null;
     if (isset($child[$id])) {
     for($i = count($child[$id]) - 1; $i >= 0; $i--) {
     array_unshift($stack, $child[$id][$i]);
     }
     $flag = true;
     }
     if ($id != $fid && $node && !isset($added[$id])) {
     $node[&#39;depth&#39;] = $depth;
     $options[] = $node;
     $added[$id] = true;
     }
     if($flag == true){
     $depth++;
     } else {
     if($node) {
     for ($i = count($child[$node[&#39;fid&#39;]]) - 1; $i >= 0; $i--) {
     if ($child[$node[&#39;fid&#39;]][$i] == $id) {
     array_splice($child[$node[&#39;fid&#39;]], $i, 1);
     break;
     }
     }
     if(count($child[$node[&#39;fid&#39;]]) == 0) {
     $child[$node[&#39;fid&#39;]] = null;
     $depth--;
     }
     }
     array_shift($stack);
     }
     $loop++;
     if($loop > 5000) return $options;
     }
     unset($child);
     unset($obj);
     return $options;
    }
    ?>
    登入後複製

    第二种:

    这是使用TP来制作的无限级分类。

    算法复杂度为T(n)=O(2n),只遍历两次数组.

    关键代码其实只有一行

    $return[$v[&#39;pid&#39;]][&#39;child&#39;][$v[&#39;id&#39;]] = &$return[$k];
    登入後複製

    但是为了实现较为复杂的扩展,这里添加一些额外的信息

    //索引要和ID一致,这不是废话么
    //pid是父元素
    //不要出现死循环嵌套,就是AB互为父子
    //不要出现相同name
    
    
    $list[0]=[&#39;id&#39;=>0,&#39;pid&#39;=>-1,&#39;name&#39;=>&#39;A@0&#39;];//-1用于后面的根目录判断
    $list[1]=[&#39;id&#39;=>1,&#39;pid&#39;=>0,&#39;name&#39;=>&#39;A@1&#39;];
    $list[2]=[&#39;id&#39;=>2,&#39;pid&#39;=>0,&#39;name&#39;=>&#39;A@2&#39;];
    $list[3]=[&#39;id&#39;=>3,&#39;pid&#39;=>2,&#39;name&#39;=>&#39;A@3&#39;];
    $list[4]=[&#39;id&#39;=>4,&#39;pid&#39;=>3,&#39;name&#39;=>&#39;A@4&#39;];
    $list[5]=[&#39;id&#39;=>5,&#39;pid&#39;=>0,&#39;name&#39;=>&#39;A@5&#39;];
    $list[6]=[&#39;id&#39;=>6,&#39;pid&#39;=>1,&#39;name&#39;=>&#39;A@6&#39;];
    
    //先初始化目录
    $return=[];
    foreach($list as $v)
        $return[$v[&#39;name&#39;]]=[];
    
    
    //将每个目录与父目录进行拼接,并找到根目录
    foreach($list as $k=>$v)
    {
        if($v[&#39;pid&#39;]>=0)
            $return[$list[$v[&#39;pid&#39;]][&#39;name&#39;]][$v[&#39;name&#39;]]=&$return[$v[&#39;name&#39;]];
        else
            $parent=$v[&#39;name&#39;];
    
    }
    
    //打印根目录
    print_r($return[$parent]);
    登入後複製

    输出1

    Array(
        [A@1] => Array
            (
                [A@6] => Array
                    (
                    )
    
            )
    
        [A@2] => Array
            (
                [A@3] => Array
                    (
                        [A@4] => Array
                            (
                            )
    
                    )
    
            )
    
        [A@5] => Array
            (
            )
    
    )
    登入後複製

    代码2

    /**
     * Created by PhpStorm.
     * User: Nikaidou-Shinku
     * Date: 16/9/14
     * Time: 17:12
     */
    
    $list[] = ['id' => 0, 'pid' => -1, 'name' => 'A@0'];//-1用于后面的根目录判断
    $list[] = ['id' => 1, 'pid' => 0, 'name' => 'A@1'];
    $list[] = ['id' => 2, 'pid' => 0, 'name' => 'A@2'];
    $list[] = ['id' => 3, 'pid' => 2, 'name' => 'A@3'];
    $list[] = ['id' => 4, 'pid' => 3, 'name' => 'A@4'];
    $list[] = ['id' => 5, 'pid' => 0, 'name' => 'A@5'];
    $list[] = ['id' => 6, 'pid' => 1, 'name' => 'A@6'];
    //先初始化目录
    
    $return = [];
    $parent = '';
    
    foreach ($list as $v)
        $return[$v['id']] = [
            'id' => $v['id'],
            'name' => $v['name'],
            'pid' => $v['pid'],
            'child' => '',
        ];
    
    
    //将每个目录与父目录进行拼接,并找到根目录
    foreach ($return as $k => $v) {
        if ($v['pid'] >= 0)
    
            $return[$v[&#39;pid&#39;]][&#39;child&#39;][$v[&#39;id&#39;]] = &$return[$k];
    
        else
            $parent = &$return[$k];
    }
    //打印根目录
    var_export($parent);
    登入後複製

    输出2

    $aa=[
            &#39;id&#39; => 0,
            &#39;name&#39; => &#39;A@0&#39;,
            &#39;pid&#39; => -1,
            &#39;child&#39; =>
                [
                    1 =>
                        [
                            &#39;id&#39; => 1,
                            &#39;name&#39; => &#39;A@1&#39;,
                            &#39;pid&#39; => 0,
                            &#39;child&#39; =>
                                [
                                    6 =>
                                        [
                                            &#39;id&#39; => 6,
                                            &#39;name&#39; => &#39;A@6&#39;,
                                            &#39;pid&#39; => 1,
                                            &#39;child&#39; => &#39;&#39;,
                                        ],
                                ],
                        ],
                    2 =>
                        [
                            &#39;id&#39; => 2,
                            &#39;name&#39; => &#39;A@2&#39;,
                            &#39;pid&#39; => 0,
                            &#39;child&#39; =>
                                [
                                    3 =>
                                        [
                                            &#39;id&#39; => 3,
                                            &#39;name&#39; => &#39;A@3&#39;,
                                            &#39;pid&#39; => 2,
                                            &#39;child&#39; =>
                                                [
                                                    4 =>
                                                        [
                                                            &#39;id&#39; => 4,
                                                            &#39;name&#39; => &#39;A@4&#39;,
                                                            &#39;pid&#39; => 3,
                                                            &#39;child&#39; => &#39;&#39;,
                                                        ],
                                                ],
                                        ],
                                ],
                        ],
                    5 =>
                        [
                            &#39;id&#39; => 5,
                            &#39;name&#39; => &#39;A@5&#39;,
                            &#39;pid&#39; => 0,
                            &#39;child&#39; => &#39;&#39;,
                        ],
                ],
        ]
    登入後複製

    第三种:

    接下来这个无限级分类更为的简单。可以简化成使用5行代码就可以完成。

    function generateTree($items){
       $tree = array();
       foreach($items as $item){
           if(isset($items[$item[&#39;pid&#39;]])){
               $items[$item[&#39;pid&#39;]][&#39;son&#39;][] = &$items[$item[&#39;id&#39;]];
           }else{
               $tree[] = &$items[$item[&#39;id&#39;]];
           }
       }
       return $tree;
    }
    $items = array(
       1 => array(&#39;id&#39; => 1, &#39;pid&#39; => 0, &#39;name&#39; => &#39;安徽省&#39;),
       2 => array(&#39;id&#39; => 2, &#39;pid&#39; => 0, &#39;name&#39; => &#39;浙江省&#39;),
       3 => array(&#39;id&#39; => 3, &#39;pid&#39; => 1, &#39;name&#39; => &#39;合肥市&#39;),
       4 => array(&#39;id&#39; => 4, &#39;pid&#39; => 3, &#39;name&#39; => &#39;长丰县&#39;),
       5 => array(&#39;id&#39; => 5, &#39;pid&#39; => 1, &#39;name&#39; => &#39;安庆市&#39;),
    );
    print_r(generateTree($items));
    登入後複製

    可以看到下面打印的结果:

    Array
    (
        [0] => Array
            (
                [id] => 1
                [pid] => 0
                [name] => 安徽省
                [son] => Array
                    (
                        [0] => Array
                            (
                                [id] => 3
                                [pid] => 1
                                [name] => 合肥市
                                [son] => Array
                                    (
                                        [0] => Array
                                            (
                                                [id] => 4
                                                [pid] => 3
                                                [name] => 长丰县
                                            )
     
                                    )
     
                            )
     
                        [1] => Array
                            (
                                [id] => 5
                                [pid] => 1
                                [name] => 安庆市
                            )
     
                    )
     
            )
     
        [1] => Array
            (
                [id] => 2
                [pid] => 0
                [name] => 浙江省
            )
     
    )
    登入後複製

    上面生成树方法还可以精简到5行:

    function generateTree($items){
        foreach($items as $item)
            $items[$item[&#39;pid&#39;]][&#39;son&#39;][$item[&#39;id&#39;]] = &$items[$item[&#39;id&#39;]];
        return isset($items[0][&#39;son&#39;]) ? $items[0][&#39;son&#39;] : array();
    }
    登入後複製

    但是上面的代码有个问题就是对数据库结构有点要求,每个节点要指明其父节点是谁,虽然实用性不高,但是还是能给大家带来启发,学习下不同类型的无限级分类。

來源:php.cn
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