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Docker 包含多种日志记录机制来帮助您从运行容器和服务中获取信息。这些机制被称为日志驱动程序。

每个 Docker 守护进程(daemon)都有一个默认日志记录驱动程序,每个容器使用该驱动程序,除非您将其配置为使用其他日志记录驱动程序

除了使用 Docker 附带的日志驱动程序之外,您还可以实现和使用日志驱动程序插件。记录驱动程序插件在 Docker 17.05和更高版本中可用。

配置默认记录驱动程序

要将 Docker 守护程序(daemon)配置为默认为特定的日志记录驱动程序,请将log-driver值设置为位于 Linux 主机/etc/docker/或 Windows 服务器主机上C:\ProgramData\docker\config\daemon.json文件中的日志记录驱动程序的名称。默认日志记录驱动程序是json-file。以下示例显式地将默认日志记录驱动程序设置为syslog

{  "log-driver": "syslog"}

如果日志记录驱动程序具有可配置选项,则可以使用log-opts键将它们作为 JSON 数组设置在daemon.json文件中。以下示例在json-file日志记录驱动程序上设置两个可配置选项:

{  "log-driver": "json-file",  "log-opts": {    "labels": "production_status",    "env": "os,customer"  }}

如果您不指定日志记录驱动程序,则默认为json-file。因此,JSON之类的命令的默认输出,诸如docker inspect <CONTAINER>

要查找 Docker 守护程序(daemon)的当前默认日志记录驱动程序,请运行docker info并且搜索Logging Driver。您可以在 Linux,macOS 或在 Windows 上的 PowerShell 上使用以下命令:

$ docker info |grep 'Logging Driver'Logging Driver: json-file

配置容器的日志记录驱动程序

在启动容器时,可以使用--log-driver标志将其配置为使用与 Docker 守护程序(daemon)默认值不同的日志记录驱动程序。如果日志记录驱动程序具有可配置选项,则可以使用--log-opt <NAME>=<VALUE>标志的一个或多个实例来设置它们。即使容器使用默认的日志记录驱动程序,它也可以使用不同的可配置选项。

以下示例带有none日志驱动程序启动 Alpine 容器。

$ docker run -it --log-driver none alpine ash

要查找正在运行的容器的当前日志记录驱动程序,如果守护程序正在使用json-file日志记录驱动程序,请运行以下docker inspect命令,将容器名称或 ID 替换为<CONTAINER>

$ docker inspect -f '{{.HostConfig.LogConfig.Type}}' <CONTAINER>json-file

使用环境变量或标签与日志驱动程序

一些日志记录驱动程序将一个容器的--env|-e--label多个标志的值添加到容器的日志中。本示例使用 Docker 守护程序(daemon)的默认日志记录驱动程序启动容器(让我们假设json-file),但设置环境变量os=ubuntu

$ docker run -dit --label production_status=testing -e os=ubuntu alpine sh

如果日志记录驱动程序支持它,则会向日志输出添加其他字段。以下输出由json-file日志驱动程序生成:

"attrs":{"production_status":"testing","os":"ubuntu"}

支持的日志驱动

支持以下日志记录驱动程序。如果适用,请参阅每个驱动程序文档的链接以了解其可配置选项。如果您使用的是日志驱动程序插件,则可能会看到更多选项。

驱动

描述


none

没有日志将可用于容器和码头日志不会返回任何输出。


json-file

日志格式为JSON。Docker的默认日志记录驱动程序。


syslog

将日志消息写入syslog工具。系统日志守护程序必须在主机上运行。


journald

将日志消息写入日记帐。journald守护程序必须在主机上运行。


gelf

将日志消息写入Graylog扩展日志格式(GELF)端点,如Graylog或Logstash。


fluentd

将日志消息写入fluentd(正向输入)。fluentd守护进程必须在主机上运行。


awslogs

将日志消息写入Amazon CloudWatch Logs。


splunk

使用HTTP事件收集器将日志消息写入splunk。


etwlogs

将日志消息写为Windows事件跟踪(ETW)事件。仅在Windows平台上可用。


gcplogs

将日志消息写入Google Cloud Platform(GCP)日志记录。


记录驱动程序的限制

docker logs命令不适用于除json-filejournald之外的其他驱动程序。

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